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1、一、时态讲解：现在完成时(1)构成：现在完成时由助动词have +过去分词构成，助动词 have有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式疑问式I have not (haven't) studied Have I studied You have not (haven't) studiedHave you studied He has not (hasn't) studied Has he studied 否定疑问式简单
2、回答(肯定/否定)Have I not (Haven't I) studiedYes, you have. No, you haven，tHave you not (Haven't you) studiedYes, I have. No, I haven，t.Has he not (Hasn 't he) studiedYes, he has. No, he hasn，t.(2)用法:1)现在完成时通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作 或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或 状态对现在的结果或影响。My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
3、I，m sure we，ve met before:定我们以前见过面。She has arrived.她到了。2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for ，syet玲。如：I haven ' t heard from her these days这些日子我没有收到她的信。We haven ' t seen you recently.最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years.他们离开已经两年了。She has been with
4、 us since Monday.注意：a) since和for的区别since 后接时间点，如 1993, last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间，表示 长达多久"，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise:用 since 和 for 填空1. Jim has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Mary
5、 is in her office. She has been there 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country 1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.2)表示短暂意义的动词如arr
6、ive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die 等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：He has come here for 2 weeks. xThe old man has died for 4 months. xThey have left only for 5 minutes. x以上三句话可以改为：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has for 4 months.They have only for 5 minutes9. have (has)
7、 been 和 have (has) gone 的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “ have (has) been 表示 ” “; 已经去某地"要用"have (has) gone。试比较：Where has he been 他刚才到哪里去了(已经回来了)Where has he gone 他上哪儿去了(人不在)They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大).3)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last
8、 year, in 1976, two days ago, justnow, when I came in ，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once,twice, ever, never 等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。I haven ' t read it yet我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。
9、I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yan 他们从未去过延安。 an.I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。Exercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(finish) his work today Not yet.3. My father just(come) back from wo
10、rk. He is tired now.4. Where ' s Li MingHe(go) to the teacher' s office.5. I(work) here since I(move) here in 1999.6. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long the Wangs(stay) here For two weeks.8. I just(finish) my homework.9. He(go) to school on foot every day.you(find) your scie
11、nce book yet11. If it(be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.12. The students(read) English when the teacher came in.13. Look! The monkey(climb) the tree.14. My mother(come) to see me next Sunday.15. I've lost my pen.you(see) it anywhereII. Choose the best answer.1. How long have youhereA. come
12、B. gotC,arrivedD.been2. My grandpa died.A. at the age of my 2B. for 2 yearsC. when I was 2.D. my age was 6.3. Jane hasto BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. beenB. goneC. wentD.never been4. It is ten yearsI last saw her.A. afterB. sinceC,forD.thatwill go to the station to meet Lorry-I will. Iher
13、 several times.A. metB. have metC.had metD.will meet6. -What a nice dress! How longyou-Just 2 weeks.A. will, buyB. did, buyCit,are, havingD.have, hadyou know Lydia very well-Yes, She and Ifriends since we were very young.A. have madeB. have become C. have beenD.have turned8. The Smithsin China for 8
14、 years.A. has livedB. livedC.,have beenD.live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black-Sorry. Hethe Bainiao Park.A. has been toB. has gone toC. went toD. will go to10. -you ever to the US-Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, goD. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences.1
15、. I have been to Macau before.（改为否定句）I been to Macau before.2. He hasn ' t come to schobecause he was 川.（就划线部分提问） he come to school3. I bough a new bike just now.（用 just 改写）I just a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.（改为同义句 ）We English three years5. He has never surfed,（改成反意疑问
16、句）6. They have been here since_2000.（对划线部分提问） have they been here7. The old man last year. He has for a year. （die）（动词填空）8. Miss Gao left an hour ago.（同义句转换）Miss Gao has an hour ago.Ask the questions1） I have been there for two days. you2） My father has lived here since 2000. your father3） He left h
17、ere yesterday.he4） They bought a book two hours ago.they a bookUse never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since “tofill in the blanks.1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years.4. “ Have you seen the film ”&
18、quot; No, I have seen it.5. “Has the bus left "“Yes, it has left.”现在完成时练习题及答案 一、翻译下列句子：你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗2 .我刚刚丢了我的化学书。3 .我以前从来没去过那个农场。4 .他已经吃过午饭5 .你已经看过这部电影了吗6 .我哥哥还没回来。7 .这本字典我已买了三年了。8 .他离开中国三年了。9 .我认识他们五年了。10 .他们已去了美国五年了。11 .自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。12 .我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。13 .自从1999 年以来他们就认识。14 .我来到这个学校已3 年多了。二、用
19、since 和 for 填空yearsyears month 19994 o clock7 4 hours hour ago9. _we were childrenlunch timeshe left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13. I ve known him we were chreildn.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese three years.15. She has been away from the city about ten years.16. It
20、s about ten years she left the city.三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to spf be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1) He got to Beijing five minutesBeijing for.2) I moved to the USA in 2008.3) I went home yesterday.4)
21、 They came here last week. come to / go back to / returnIthe USA sinceIhome forThey here since _tof be back togo out 一be out1) He came out two years for .2) We return to Beijing to Beijing since . become f be1) I became a teacher in 2000. I a teacher for .2) The river became dirty last year. The riv
22、er dirty for . close f be closedopen f be open1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop for 2) The door opened at six in the door for six hours. get up - be up; die - be dead; leave sp. f be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep f be asleep; finish / end f be over; marry f be married ;1) I got u
23、p two hours since .2) He left Shanghai just Shanghai for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in grandpa for .4) The meeting finished at meeting for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I since .6) They married in 1990. They since . start / begin to do sth. f do sth. ; begin f be on1) I began to te
24、ach at this school in 1995.I at this school since .2) The film began two minutes ago.The film for . borrow - keep;lose f not have ; buy - have ; put on f wear catch / get a cold f have a cold； get to know f know1) They borrowed it last week. They it since .2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I a pen fo
25、r .3) I got to know him last year.I him since .4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I my glasses for have / has gone to f have been in He has gone to Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the armyf be a league member /a Party member / a soldierf be a member of the league / the Party
26、f be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He a for two years.He a the for two years.He the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother a for .My brother in for two years.四、划线提问1) I have been there for two days.you 2) My father has lived
27、here since 2000.your father 3) He left here yesterday.he 4) They bought a book two hours ago.they a book 五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where Li Fei B: He to Hainan Island.A: How long he thereB: He there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you knowB: I m afraid he won t come bac
28、k recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan IslandB: Sorry, I never there.A: How many times Li Fei to that placeB: He there only once.六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack He his country.2) David the park just now.3) John England since he came back.4) How long
29、 they this village5) The Smiths Beijing for years.6)you ever America - Yes, I there many times.7) I this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim He the farm.9) When he He an hour ago.10) Would you like to to the zoo with me -Yes, but I there before.11) Where you now - I to the zoo.12) He often
30、swimming.13)you there last year14)they often skating in winter七 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years.4. “ Have you seen the film ”" No, I have seen
31、 it.5. Has the bus leftYes, it hasleft.八.用适当的时态填空:s(live) here ever since she was ten.of them(be) in Hongkong for ten days.of them(come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour(pass) since the train(leave).5. Mary(lose) her pen.you(see) it here and there6. you(find) your watch yet7. -Are you thirst
32、y -No I just(have) some orange.8. We already(return) the book.9. they(build) a new school in the village10. I(not finish) my homework . Can you help me11. My father(read) the novel twice.12. I(buy) a book just now.13. I(lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father(read) this book since yesterday.1. since
33、 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone 5. have worked, moved 6 have made 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen4.Keys: 1. How long have
34、, been there 2. How long has, lived here 3. When did, leave hereWhen did, buyKeys: 1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already现在完成时态练习题答案一.翻译下列句子：1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips2. I have just lost my chemistry book.3. I have never been to the farm before.4. H
35、e has already had lunch = He has had lunch already.5. Have you seen the movie yet6. My brother hasn'cdme /get / been back yet= My brother hasn;returned yet.7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago.8. Has been away from China for three years.9. I have known them for f
36、ive years.10. They have been in the USA for five years.11. He has been here since he moved to Jining.12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for threeyears.13. They have known each other since 1999.14. I have been in this school for over three years.二
37、、用 since或者for填空1. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since6. since 7. for 8 since10. since11. since 13. since16. since三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 1. has been in , five minutes2. have been in , 20083. have been at, two days4. have been , last week 1. have been out, two years2. have been back , yes
38、terday 1. have been , nine years2. has been , two years 1. has been closed , two hours2. has been open 1. have been up , two hours ago2. has been away from3. has been dead , seven years4. has been over5. have been asleep , two hours ago6. have been married , 1990 1. have taught , 19952. has been on
39、, two minutes 1. have kept , last week2. have had , two hours3. have known , last years4. have worn , three years has been in has been , League memberhas been , member of , League has been in2. has been , soldier , two years has been , the army四、划线提问1. How long have, been there2. How long has ,lived
40、 here3. When did , leave here4. When did , buy五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where has Li Fei goneB: He has gone to Hainan Island.A: How long has he been thereB: He has been there for three days.A: When will he come back, do you knowB: I m afraid he won t come back recently.A: Could you t
41、ell me the way to Hainan IslandB: Sorry, I have never been there.A: How many times has Li Fei been to that placeB: He has been there only once.六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1. has gone t3. has been in2. went to5. have been in7. have been in / at9. did go ; went11. are , goin
42、g ; am going13. Did , go七、综合练习:4. have , been in6. Have , been to ; have been8. has gone to10. go ; have been12. goes14. Do , go3. for4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already1. never 2. just , already 八 . 用适当的时态填空：1. lived / has been living3. went5. has lost ;4. has passed have , seen2. have been left6. Have , found7. have , had9. Have , built11. has read8. have , returned10. haven t finished12. bought13. lost14. have been reading / has read