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1、复合句概念:复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或叫连词引出，否则复 合句不成立。由于连词既起连接主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，还 在从句中充当一定的成份，有一定的意义，故复合句中的连词常成为考查的焦点。 宾语从句在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：？I know the man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：I kn owthat the man is a policema n.主句引导词 从句中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2.宾语从句的语序；3.宾语从句的时态。一.宾语从句的种类1. 由that引导的宾
2、语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wan ted to stay at home.She doesn ' t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 禾口连接畐U词 when, where, why, how 引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they
3、are wait ing for He asked whose han dwrit ing was the best.t know why the train isCan you tell me where the bus stop is I don late.3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。 If 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否”。 例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if)I could help him.注意一下情况只用 whether ，不用 ifwheth
4、er 引导的从句常可以与连词 or 或 or not 直接连用。如：正： Let me know whether you can come or not.误： Let me know if youcan come or not.2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用 whether 引导。如：正： Whether it is true or not, I can' t tell.误： If it is true ornot, I can ' t tell.3. whether 可以引导带 to 的不定式。如：正： I don ' t know whether to acce
5、pt or refuse. 误： I don't know if to accept or refuse.4. whether 及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语。如：正： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.误： I worry about ifI hurt her feelings.二 . 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：think (that) you will like thisI hear (that) physics isn ' t easy. Ischool soon.ll have如：
6、般过去时，Can you tell me how I can get to zoo Please tell me when wethe meeting.三 . 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。I don ' t think （that） you are right. Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时， 宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态 （ 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时） 。例如
7、：He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go backto the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth tu
8、rns around the sun. 如何改为宾语从句 A. 三关1. 引导词关 陈述句，引导词用that （that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）; 一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether ； 特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He is an honest boy. The teacher said.The teacher said (that ) hewas an honest boy. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hardI won der.I
9、won der if/whether he works hard.When did he leaveI don ' t know.I don ' t know when he left.注意：有些疑问句本身就是陈述语序1. Who went there yesterday Mary wanted to know.t Mary wan ted to know who went there yesterday.2. What ' s the matter with the clock He wondered.t He wondered what was the matter
10、 with the clock.3. 时态关 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I have heard ( that )he will come back next week. 如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：He said ( that )there were no classes yesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态， 从句都要用一般现在时。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound.B. 人称的变化和标点的使用1.
11、从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二 人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：May I use your knifeHe asked me.t He asked me if he might use myknife.“Do you know her telephone number”He asked me.tHe asked me if I knew her telephone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问 号。如：Who will give us a talkI don 't
12、 know. t I don 't know who will give usa talk.Do you knowWhere does he livetDo you know where he lives其他问题A）if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下。如： If it rains tomorrow， I won 't come. （时间状语从句）if 表示“如果，要是”I don 't know if it will rain tomorrow.（宾语从句） if 表示“是否”B）从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是 fin
13、d ， see， watch ， hear 等感官动词时， 从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：She found that the wallet lay on the ground.tShe found the wallet lieon the ground.She found that the wallet was lying on the ground. tShe found the wallet lying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是 hope， wish ， decide ， forget ， plan ， agr
14、ee 等，且主句主t She agreed to help语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths.me with my maths.3. 在连接代词 / 副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致 时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词 / 副词不定式”结构。如：t Can you tell me how to getCan you tell me how I can get to the station to the station中考范例Green didn ' t tel
15、l us in 2002.A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she liveD. where she lived【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选 D。2. Would you please tell me A. when did he come home B. where he would play footballt watch the gameC. if he had seen the film D. why he didn【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾
16、语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在 时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3. I don 't know when .the train leaveB. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4. -We don ' t know . -It is said that he was born in Sweden.he isB. if he lives here C. where he
17、comes from D. which country ishe from【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。 A 和 B 可以排除掉 ,D 的语序不对，只有 C 正确。're not sure if it tomorrow. If it ，we won' t climbthe South Hill.A. will snow ；snows B. will snow ；will snow C. snows；snows D. snows ；will snow解析：答案为 A 项。题干中前句 if 引导的是宾语从句，后句 if
18、 引导的是条件状 语从句，故选 A 项。6. I don 't know what I should do with the letter.（改为简单句）I don ' t know what with the letter.解析：当主句谓语动词是 know，learn ，forget ，remember 等，其后接疑问词（连 接代词副词）引导的宾语从句，且该从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，宾语从 句可简化成“疑问词（连接代词副词 +不定式（短语）结构，故空白处填 to do。 将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1）These flowers are from Guang
19、dong. He said.He said these flowers from Guangdong.2）Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me light faster than sound.t know.3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnJack didn ' t know there a meeting in five days.4) Can they speak French I want to know.I w
20、ant to know French.5) Are the children playing games Tell me.Tell me the children games.6) Have you finished your homework yet Mr. Zhao asked Ma ChaoMr. Zhao asked MaChao homework yet.7) How many people can you see in the picture Who knowsWho knows in the picture8) Where did she park her car Do you
21、know Do you know her car9) What does he often talk about The girl wondered.The girl wondered often about.10) Who knocked at the door so loudly I don' t know.I don ' t know at the door so loudly.11) Does he still live in that street I don't know.I don't know he still in that street.12
22、) What's his name I asked him. I asked him what 13) When does the train arrive Please tell me.Please tell me 14）Do they want fried chicken He asked the boys.He asked the boys they fried chicken.15）Was the watch made in Shanghai I don't know.I don't know the watch made in Shanghai.变人称语序为陈
23、述语序，标点，时态 看看下面的题1）.How does he get on with his new classmates Could you tell me （改为含有宾语从句的复合句 ） Could you tell me how on with his newclassmates2）.What is he doing there Mother didn't know. （改为含有宾语从句的复合句Mother didn't know what doing there.3）.You'd better ask your mother whether is it chea
24、p enough before you tryit on. （ 改错 ） 4）What's his name I asked him.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）I asked him what .5）Why didn't he look happy Could you tell me（改为含有宾语从句的复合句 ）Could you tell me why look happy6）Does he still live in that street I don't know（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）I don't know he still in that st
25、reet.7）Whose children is the old woman looking after Did you find out（改为含有宾语从句的复合句） Did you find out whose children the old woman同上） after8）The moon moves round the earth. My sister told me.My sister told me the moon round the earth.同义9）I think it is not going to snow tomorrow.（改错）10）. “Do you want to try something new。” Tom's mother asked him.（句转换 ） Tom's mother asked him to try somethingnew.