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1、英语知识复习 拓展精练 （5）阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分 40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 ABack in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen childrenIn spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dreamThey both wanted
2、to pursue their talent for artAfter many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreement. They would toss a coinThe loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academyThen, when that brother who won the toss completed his stud
3、ies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academyTossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to NurembergAlbert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, supported his brother, whose work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation（轰动）By the time h
4、e graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his outstanding worksWhen the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate Albrechts triumphant（胜利的）homecomingAlbrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to
5、 complete his dream“And now, Albert, blessed brother of mine, now it is your turnNow you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you”Tears streaming down his pale face, Albert sobbed, “NonoIt is too late for meLooklook at what four years in the mines have done to my hands
6、! The bones in every finger have been broken at least once, and lately I have been suffering from arthritis（关节炎）so badly in my right hand that I cannot even hold a glass to return your toast, much less draw delicate lines with a pen or a brush”To show thanks to Albert for all that he had sacrificed,
7、 Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his brothers injured hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skywardHe called his powerful drawing simply “Hands”, but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed it “The Praying Hands”The next time you
8、see a copy of that touching creation, let it be your reminderno one ever makes any success alone!1. Why did the two brothers work out the agreement?A. They were so curious as to make a jokeB. Their family couldnt afford the academyC. One of the brothers was supposed to go into minesD. They wanted to
9、 support the other sisters and brothers2. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Albrecht Durer？A. He began to earn his living after graduation B. He did perfectly well at the academyC. He wanted his brother to go to the academy D. He created great masterpieces3. What can we learn from
10、the story?A. One can achieve success simply on his ownB. Any success requires the help of othersC. Its other people who contribute to ones success.D. Nobody could succeed without good guidanceBIn our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”（control） feeling important and worthwhile
11、and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure” finding life enjoyable are not always the sameWomen often are told “You cant have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You choose a career, so you cant expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have
12、 a wonderful husband and children whats all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two aspectsOne is mastery, which includes self-respect, a sense of
13、control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depressionMastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activityPleasure is the other aspect, and it is made up of happiness, satisfaction and optimismIt is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of lifeThe two are independ
14、ent of each otherA woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa（反之亦然）For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.The concepts
15、 of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and correct past mistakesIn the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-beingBut we know that both mastery and pleasure are importantAnd mastery seems to be achie
16、ved largely through workIn our study, all the groups of employed women were valued significantly higher in mastery than women who were not employed.A womans well-being is developed when she takes on various rolesAt least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles marr
17、iages, motherhood, and employment were the highest in well-being, in spite of warnings about stress and strain（极度紧张）.4. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.A. for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”B. for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more import
18、ant than a sense of “mastery”C. women cant have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same timeD. a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both necessary to women5. The authors attitude towards women having a career is_.A. Negative Bpositive C. indifferentD realistic6 . One
19、 can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, _.A. it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strainB. she will be more successful in her careerC. her chances of getting promoted will be greaterD. her life will be richer and more meaningful7 Which of the followi
20、ng can be considered as a source of “pleasure” for women?A. Family life B. Various roles in societyC. Regular employment D. Freedom from anxiety CSome people who like to eat very hot chili(辣椒)peppers say that they can help you breathe better if you have a cold. Others believe that chilies give you a
21、dded energy. People have been growing chilies for centuries, and there are many kinds. Want to fire up your meals with homegrown chilies? They need a warm climate. If you plant the seeds outside when the weather is cool, place the seeds under a glass. That will add warmth from the sun and protect th
22、em from wind. You can also start the seeds in your home or a greenhouse. If you plant inside, fill a 7.5-centimeter pot with soil. The pot should have holes in the bottom so water can run out. Tap the sides of the pot to settle the soilDrop several seeds over the surface of the pot and cover it with
23、 a thin layer of vermiculite(蛭石), a substance that can hold air, water and nutrients. Then cover the top of the pot with a see-through plastic bag. Place the pot in a warm area. When the chilies start growing, take off the bag. When the plants have reached about two centimeters high，place each one c
24、arefully in its own 7.5-centimeter pot. When the roots show through the holes in the bottom of the pot, transplant each seeding into a twelve-centimeter pot. When the plants are twenty centimeters high, tie the plants to a stick placed in the pot to support them. When the chili peppers are thirty ce
25、ntimeters high, pinch the tops off with your finger. That should make new branches grow. When the first flowers show, give the plants some potash fertilizers (化肥). When the weather is warm, put them into five-liter pots and place them outside. Make sure they get a good amount of light and water.8. T
26、he most important condition that chili seeds need in cool weather is . Aenough heat B. enough sunshine Cenough water D. no wind9. The underlined word “pinch” in the last paragraph probably means . Acut Bgive C1eave Dbring10 According to this passage，how many times are chili plants moved altogether?
27、AOnce BTwice CThree times DFour times11. From the passage we can infer that . Apeople who like eating chilies are energetic Bthe pot has holes in the bottom to let the air in Cwhenever the plants blossom, give them some fertilizers Dit is not easy to eat homegrown chilies of your ownDDrunken driving
28、sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murderhas become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers， adding up to an incredible 250，000 over the past decade. A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood
29、 alcohol content or roughly three beers， glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American macho image and judges were lenient in most courts， but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies， especi
30、ally involving young children， that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21， reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18， the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled， so the st
31、ate recently upped it back to 21.Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop “responsible attitudes” about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.Though new laws have led to inc
32、reased arrests and tests and， in many areas already， to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who “obviously intoxicated” and later drove of
33、f the road， killing a nine-year-old boy.As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state， some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919， what President Hoover called the “ noble experiment.” They forgot that legal prohib
34、ition didn't stop drinking， but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally， there is no easy solution.12. Drunken driving had become a major problem in America because _.A. most Americans are heavy drinkers. B. Americans are now less shocked by
35、road accidents.C. accidents attract so much publicity. D. drinking is a socially accepted habit in America.13.Why has public opinion regarding drunken driving changed？A. Because detailed statistics are now available.B. Because the news media have highlighted the problem.C. Because judges are giving
36、more severe sentences.D. Because drivers are more conscious of their image.14. Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that _.A. many drivers were not of legal age. B. young drivers were often bad drivers.C. the level of drinking increased in the 1960s. D. the legal drinking age should be raised.1
37、5. Laws recently introduced in some states have _.A. reduced the number of convictions. B. resulted in fewer serious accidents.C. prevented bars from serving drunken customers. D. specified the amount drivers can drink.16.Why is the problem of drinking and driving difficult to solve？A. Because alcoh
38、ol is easily obtained. B. Because drinking is linked to organized crime. C. Because legal prohibition has already failed.D. Because legislation alone is not sufficient.EBritish potato farmers were angry and wanted the expression “couch potato” to be taken out of the dictionary because it harmed the
39、vegetables image. The British Potato Council wants the Oxford English Dictionary to replace the expression with the term “couch slouch”, with protests being outside Parliament in London and the offices of Oxford University Press. Kathryn Race, head of marketing at the Council, which represents some
40、4,000 planters and processors, said the group had complained in writing to the OED but had yet to receive a response. “We are trying to get rid of the image that potatoes are bad for you,” she said on Monday. “The potato has had its knocks in the past. Of course it is not the Oxford English Dictiona
41、rys fault but we want to use another term instead of “couch potato” because potatoes are naturally healthy.” The OED says that “couch potato” began as American slang, meaning “a person who spends his or her leisure time sitting around, especially watching television or video tapes.” The Potato Counc
42、il says its campaign is backed by dieticians (饮食学家) who say the vegetable is low in fat and high in vitamin C. Supporting the campaign, famous cook Antony Worrall Thompson said the vegetable was one of Britains favorite foods.Not only are they healthy, they are also convenient and yummy (美味). Life w
43、ithout potato is like a sandwich without a filling,” he said.John Simpson, chief editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, said the dictionary first included the term “couch potato” in 1993 and said “dictionaries just reflect the words that society uses.”Simpson said words were never taken out of the
44、 full-length dictionary, which includes some 650,000 words in 20 volumes. But little-used words can be removed from the smaller dictionaries to make way for newer ones. “If society stops using words then they get taken out of the smaller dictionaries,” he added.The first known recorded use of the ex
45、pression “couch potato” was in an article in Los Angeles Times, in 1979, Simpson said. Nigel Evans, a member of Parliament for the Ribble Valley in Lancashire, has made a motion in support of the campaign, highlighting the nutritional value of the British potato.17British potato farmers wanted to _.
46、Aadvertise their producesBcall for a higher price for their potatoesCremove the expression “couch potato” from the dictionaryDlet people know how important the potato is in peoples lives 18The farmers think that _.Apotatoes have had a bad image Bpotatoes are good for people by natureCpotatoes someti
47、mes do harm to peopleDits the dictionarys fault to use the expression “couch potato”19John Simpson thinks that _.Athe expression can be taken out of every kind of dictionaryBdictionaries do not necessarily reflect the words the society usesClittle-used words can remain in the smaller dictionariesDit is im