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1、简单句的种类 简单句的种类：简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、 感叹句和祈使句四种。一、陈述句：用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式 和否定式两种形式。陈述句的肯定式：He is a middle schoolstudent. （他是个中学生）/ I have a hammern my hand.（我手上有把锤子）/ She teaches us geography.（她教我们地理）/ The newplay was good eno ugh and everybody enjoyed it.（新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢）陈述句的否定式：1）谓语动词如果是to be 、助动词、情态动词 时,在
2、它们的后面加"not" o如：My brother is not a teacher.（我的弟弟不是教师）/ He does not have a cous in.（他没有堂兄弟）/ I willnot go there tomorrow.（明天我不去那儿）/ My mother is not cooking a meal in the kitchen.（我母亲现在不在厨房里做饭）/ You must not make such mistakes aga in. （你不该再犯类似 错误了） / Wehaven't discussed the question yet
3、 （我们还没有讨论那个问题呢）2）谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加 do not（don't）.女口： I don'tknow anything about it.（此事我一无所知）/Li Ming does not feed pigs in the countryside.（李明不在农村养猪）/ We did n't expect to meet her right here.（我们没指望着在这里见至U她）/ We did n't have a meeting yesterday after noon.（昨天下午我们没有开会）3）如果&q
4、uot;have"作"有"讲,也可以在它后面加not 构成否定式，其形式与have got的否定式相同。如: I have n't （got） any brothers or sisters.（我没有兄弟姐妹）注意 句子中如果有 all、both、very much/well等 词时,用not 般构成部分否定，如果要完全否 定,贝V通常使用 none、neither、notat all 等;All of them went there. f None of them went there.（他们全都去了那里f他们全都没去那 里） 句子中含有 little
5、、few、too（太）、hardly、 never、neither、nor、seldom 等词时,贝H视为 否定句。如： Few people live there becauselife there is very hard.（几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了） 陈述句（主语+谓语+其他）在口语中可以直接 表示疑问，表示惊讶或明知故问。如：That's your boss?（那就是你的老板？ ！） 陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序，即：主 语+谓语+其他。但是有时会倒装，详见"倒装句"。 所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序，即在连接词 后采用"主语+
6、谓语+其他"的顺序。如：The old man told me that he would live here for tenmore years before he retur ns home.（老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家）/Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?（能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁 吗？）二、疑问句：一般疑问句：用"yes"或"no"来回答的疑问句 叫做一般疑问句。1） 一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是 to be、助 动词、情态动词时，则将它们（提前
7、）放到主语前 面。如：Is he an engineer?（他是工程师吗？）/ Have you got today's newspaper? （你有今 天的报纸吗？）/ Shall wego to see a film this evening?（我们今晚去看电影好吗？）/ Canyouexplain it ?（你能解释它吗？）/ Is there anyfish for supper?（晚饭有鱼吗？）/ Would you like to go out for a walk?（你想出去散步吗？） 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时，则 在主语前面加助动词do / does /
8、did, 原来的 谓语动词改为原形。如：Do you get up at six every morni ng? （你天天早晨六点起身吗？）/Does she study hard?（她学习努力吗？）/ Did you go there yesterday?（昨天你去那儿了吗？）2） 一般疑问句的回答： 一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如：Willyou joi n us in playi ng basketball?（你加入我们打篮球好吗？） -Yes, we will.（是的我们 会。）/ -No, we won't. （不我们不会。）Hav（you got today's
9、 n ewspaper? （你有今天的报纸 吗？）-Y es, I have .（是的有。）/ -No, I have n't.态一致注意回答must或者may开头的疑问句要小心 参见情态动词有关内容。3）一般疑问句的否定结构（即否定形式的一般疑 问句）表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等，只要将 "not"置于主语之后或者将"not"放到主语之前 与be, have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就 可以了。如：Will he n ot come?（他难道不来吗？） /Is n'tyour sister a Party member? （你的姐姐不
10、是 党员吗？）/ Have n't you any brothers? （你 没有哥哥吗？）/ Don't you like the play?（你难道不喜欢这个话剧吗？）/ Can't we walka little farther?（我们不能走远些吗？） /Won't you sit dow n?（你不想坐下吗？）/ Has n't she heard of the matter?（她没听说过这事儿？）这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不 同。如果回答是肯定的，就用"yes+肯定结构"； 如果回答是否定的，就用"no
11、+否定结构“。（情况 与反意问句类似。）如：Ca n't he an swer the questio n?（他不能回答这个问题吗？）-Y es,hecan.（不,他能回答这个问题。）-No,he can't.（是的,他不能回答这个问题。）三、祈使句：祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它 的主语you往往不说出。祈使句的肯定式：动词（原形）+其他女口：Please give me a hand.（ 请帮忙）/ Shut up! （住嘴！）祈使句的否定式：Don't +动词原形+其他 女口： Please don't talk in low voices.（请不要低声讲
12、话。）/ Don't look back!（ 不要掉头 看。）注意以"let's"引出的祈使句的否定结构,"not"应放在"let's" 后面。如：Let's not trouble him.（我们不要打扰他。）肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Please do help me!（请千万帮帮我。）四、感叹句：感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感 情。句末常用"！"对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是：What + （a /an） + （ 形容词）+名词+陈述句结 构（主谓语），用
13、来强调句子中的名词，如：What a good, kind girl （she is）!（她是多么善良的好女孩！）/ What bad weather （it is）!（天气真糟糕！）仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是： How +形容词/副词+陈述句结构（主谓语）, 用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。How carefully the old man walks!（这老人走路真小心！）/ How delicious the food is!（这食品真好吃！）/ How beautiful!（真美呀！）有时，陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、一个词或词 组,也带有一定的感情色彩，也可以成为感叹句，
14、此时未必使用感叹句型。He is sitti ng on a tiger's back!（他坐在老虎的背上！）/ A niceshot!（漂亮一击！）/ Good goal!（ 好球！） 将下列句子改为否定句，每空一词。1. Tom and Joh n are in the classroom.Tom and Johnin the classroom.2. You must clea n your room now.Youclea nyour room now.3. He has fini shed his work.4. Sara is washing dishes in the k
15、itchen.Sara kitche n.dishes in the5. She came here last week.Shehere last week.6. Lucy seems to be sad.Lucyto be sad.7. The office building is next to the hotel.The office buildi ngn ext tothe hotel.8. Grace learns Englishby reading aloud.GraceEn glish byreadi ng aloud.9. We use plastic bags whe n s
16、hopp ing.We shopp ing.plastic bags whe n10. There will be a lot of tourists to ourcity in the future.be a lot of touriststo our city in the future.【指点迷津】肯定句变为否定句时要注意以下几点：含有be动词、助动词、情态动词的肯定句变 为否定句时，直接在上述动词后加not。其中，must作"必须"讲时，其否定形式应为do n't have to 或 n eed n' t。含有行为动词的肯定句变为否定句时，要根据 相
17、应的人称和时态，借助助动词 do / does / did +not来构成。【练习导航】I .按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。1. He is an En glish teacher.（问句）改为一般疑an En glish teacher?2. We have fini shed the work.（疑问句）改为一般youthe work?3. Tom ofte n helps us.（对划线部分提问）ofte nyou?4. They often play basketball after（对划线部分提问）class.after class?they ofte n5. He has fift
18、y books in his study.（划线部分提问）bookshein his study?6. Are you good at English?（ 用 French 改 为选择疑问句）Are you good atEn glish?7. Can you an swer this questi on?（ 进行肯 定回答）8. Did he joi n the army last year?（进行否定回答）,he.n .根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子，每空一词。9. 你昨天没有去那儿吗？是的，我没去。 youthereyesterday? ,I.10. 你会给他写信还是打电话?Are you
19、 going to write to him him?11. 你每天怎么去上学？坐公共汽车。 you go to school every day? bus.12. 汤姆和露西，你更喜欢谁？you likeTomLucy?13. 哪本书是你的？book is?皿.完成下列反意疑问句。14. You are com ing toni ght,15. Mary can ' t do it alone,16. You seldom see him,17. Let ' s have a rest,18. Tom is un happy,?19. Everybody can do it,
20、20. This is a nice coat,21. Those are beautifulflowers,?22. He had eggs and milk forbreakfast,?23. I think milli ons of people know aboutSusa n Boyle now,?24. Something is wrong with yourcar,?25. There is a big tree in front of yourclassroom,?【指点迷津】 一般疑问句 一般疑问句通常用yes或no来回答。陈述句变 为一般疑问句时，如果谓语动词中含有be动词
21、、 助动词或情态动词，则直接把它们提到句首；如 果谓语动词是行为动词，则根据人称和时态，在 句首加Do, Does或Did，并将行为动词变为原 形。特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是就句中某一部分进行提问的句子。 疑问词包括 what, who, whom, whose, which, whe n, where, why, how 等。如果疑问词在句中 作主语或主语的定语，疑问句的语序与陈述句语序相 同；如果疑问词在句中作其他成分，则用"疑问 词+般疑问句"结构。选择疑问句选择疑问句一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问 哪种情况属实。其结构可用一般疑问句或特殊疑 问句，供选择的最后一个部分
22、用 or与前面的部 分相连接。回答时不用yes或no,而是根据具 体情况直接作出回答。如：Would you like tea or coffee?你喝茶还是喝咖啡？Coffee.咖啡。反意疑问句反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个附加问句组成。以下几点需特别注意：1. 如果陈述句的主语是表示事物的不定代词， 附加问句的主语用it ；如果是表示人的不定代 词，附加问句的主语用he或they。2. 如果陈述句中有 hardly, nothing, never,little, few, nobody, no where, neither等表示否定意义的词，附加问句要用肯定形式。3. 祈使句的附加问句一般是
23、在句尾加 will(won' t) you ?但以Let' s开头的祈使句，其 附加问句要用shall we ？4. 如果陈述句是 “ I (don ' t) think / believe / suppose / imagine +that弓丨导的宾语从句”， 附加问句的主语应与宾语从句的主语保持一致。I. 根据汉语意思完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 这边请！, please!2. 我来帮你吧。help you.3. 我们休息一下吧。a rest.4. 让她走吧。leave.5. 要永远记住那个可怕的日子。that terrible day.6. 务必告诉他这个消息
24、！him the n ews!n.单项选择()7.this kind of peach, and you will likeit.A. To tryB. Tryi ngC. Try D. Tried()8. the radio, please. The baby issleep ing now.A. Not turn onB. Don' tturn onC. Not turn downD. Don' tturn dow n ()9. Please bring your homework to school tomorrow, Steve n.OK, I.A. will B. w
25、on ' t C. do D. don ' t ()10. Peter, don ' t step on the grass.A. It doesn' matterB. Ican ' t do itC. Don' tworryD. Sorry, Iwon' t do it again()11. Remember to ask her to call me back.A. Never mindB. ThatrightC. Up to youD. All right()12. Let ' s go out and enjoy the
26、sunshine.?. It ' s boring to stay at home.A. Sou nds greatB. Not at allD. No wayC. Forget it( )13. late for school aga in, Tim!Sorry, I promise that I.A. Don ' t won ' t B. Don ' t be; won ' tC. Don ' t be; don ' D. Don ' t will（）14. Boys and girls,up your hands ifyou
27、 want to go for a pic nicthis weeke nd.A. puttingB. to put C. put D.puts【指点迷津】肯定结构的祈使句常以谓语动词原形开头。否定结构的祈使句常在谓语动词原形前加上Never 或 Don' t。以let引导的祈使句结构，有以下几种情况：1. “Let me+动词原形"，意为"请让我”。2. “Let' s +动词原形”，意为“让我们”， 表示建议或请求。3. “ Let+第三人称作宾语 +动词原形”，意为“让”，表示愿望、命令或允许。在开头的动词原形前加 Do （务必）或Always（永远）
28、，表示强调。如：Do write to us often!务必经常给我们写信。I. 按要求完成下面的句子，每空一词。1. These flowers are very beautiful.（改为感叹 句）these flowers are!2. The little boy is very clever.（改为感叹句）the little boy is!3. It' s a funny story.（改为感叹句）story it is!4. What a good girl she is!（改为同义句）girl she is!5. How delicious the food is!（
29、改为同义句）food it is!6. They are running fast.（ 改为感叹句）they are running!7. Her sister is a very lovely girl.（ 改为感叹句）lovely girl her sister is!her sister is!8. I have read a very interesting book.（改为感叹 句）book I have read!9. Your dictionary is very useful.（ 改为感叹句）your dictio nary is!10. The children are si
30、nging and dancing happily.(改为感叹句)the childre n are singing and dancing!n.单项选择()11. What a frie ndly person! We alllike talking with him.A. is itB. is heC. it isD. he is( )12.swimmi ng in this river!A. How great funB. Whatgreat funC. How a great funD. What agreat fun()13.sad n ews it is! We must try
31、ourbest to help them out of trouble.A. What a B. WhatC. How aD. How()14. What fine weather we havethese days!A. a B. the C. / D. an()15.lovely day! Let' s go for a walk.A. What B. What a C. How D.How a()16.dangerous it is to ride on a busyroad!A. WhatB. What a CHowD.How a()17.great time we had l
32、ast week!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD.What a()18.man he is!A. Whatstrange aB.How astra ngeC. Whata strangeD.Whatstra nge()19.in terest ingit is toswimin thesea.A. HowB. What aC. WhatD. Howa()20.the soup tastes!A. How goodB. How wellC.WhatgoodD. What well【指点迷津】 what通常修饰名词，引导的感叹句的结构为：1. What + a(n) +形容词+可数名
33、词的单数形式+ 主语+谓语+其他！2. What +形容词+可数名词的复数形式+主语+ 谓语+其他！3. What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语+其 他！ how通常修饰副词或形容词，引导的感叹句的 结构为：1. How +形容词或副词+主语+谓语！2. How +主语+谓语.1. -She did n't come to schoolyesterday,did she? -,though shewas not feeli ng very well. A.No,she did n't B.Y es,she did n't C.No,she did D.Y es,sh
34、e did2. Few of them hurt themselves in the accide nt last night?A.do n't they B.did n't they C.did they D.do they3. fine weather it is!A.What B.How C.What a D.How a4. Miss Wang,angryyour stude nts.A.doesn't be;toB.doesn't be;withC.don't be'to D.don't be;with5. -When shall
35、 we meet ,tomorrow or the day after tomorrow?-is OK'm free these two days.A.Neither B.EitherC.No ne D.AII6. -? -Much wetter tha n yesterday.A.What's the matter with you B.Which is better,today or yesterday C.How are you feeli ng today D.What'a the weather liketoday7.-I know little Chinese.-You can hardly understand what Isaid,?A.ca n't youB.did n't youC.did youD.ca n you8.-Where is your friend?A.Mr.Gree n'sB.Green-At.C.the Gree n's D.Mr.Gree n