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1、Unit 5The powerofnature核心单词1. appointvt. 任命；委派He appointed Williams as his deputy in the city of York.他任命威廉姆斯作为他在约克郡的代理人。He was appointed mayor of the city.他被任命为这个城市的市长。常用结构：appoint sb. to a post派某人担任某职The teacher appointed him (to be) monitor.老师任命他为班长。联想拓展appointment n .约会；约定；委任make/have an appoint
2、ment with sb.与某人约会break one s appointment违约；失约keep one s appointment守约appointedadj.约定的；指定的Our visitors arrived at the appointed time.我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。高手过招翻译句子 校长任命了一位新主任。 如果你想和他见面，你得预约。答案： The headmaster appointed a new director. If you want to meet him, you have to make an appointment.2. evaluatevt.
3、评估；评价；估计The scientists have evaluated the data.那些科学家已经评价了那些资料。We need to evaluate how well the method is working.我们需要对这一方法产生的效果作出评价。联想拓展evaluation n.估价；评价；计算accomplishment evaluation学业成绩评定self evaluation自我评价educational evaluation教育评定evaluation factor评价因素evaluation method评价方法易混辨析evaluate/estimate/val
4、ue三个词都含有“评价，估计 ”的含义。evaluate一般不用来表示“估价 ”或 “估计 ”某物的市场价值。estimate 表示 “估量，预算 ”，还可以表示“评价，看法等 ”。第1页共6页value 表示 “为 估价格 ”，还可以表示“珍视，重视 ”。答案：评估一个培训项目的花销通常是很困难的。把她当成一名歌手来评价很难。3. varyvt. 改变 , 变更 , 使多样化vi. 变化 , 不同 , （彼此）相异常用结构：vary in/on在 方面不同vary from .to .从 到 不等 ;在 到 之间变动vary with/according to随 变化而变化a variety
5、 of/varieties of=various多种多样的The temperature varied throughout the day.气温一整天都在变化着。高手过招(1) 单项填空The chargefrom 5 yuan to 10 yuan.A. ChangesB. variesC. differD. range(2) 翻译句子 The weather varied from day to day. Prices vary with the seasons.解析： (1) 选 B 。按照句意此处是指收费的多样化，故使用vary from . to .结构。(2) 天气一天天地变化着
6、。物价随季节而变动。4. guarantee vt. 保证；担保n. 保证 ,保证书 ,担保 ,抵押品常用结构：guarantee to do sth.保证做某事guarantee that/sth. .保证 guarantee sb. sth.保证某人某物give sb. a guarantee that .向某人保证 The rain guarantees a good crop this year.这场雨保证了今年有个好收成。My watch is guaranteed for one year.我的表保修一年。高手过招单项填空Working hard is not only aof g
7、reat success, but is among the essential requirements.SignB. signalC. guaranteeD. Supposition解析：选 C。按照前句意思“努力工作不仅是巨大成功的保证”，可知答案。重点短语5. make one s way to前往 Dickens made his way to the woods.第2页共6页迪肯斯朝树林走去。Some thirty percent of the world s exports of tea makes its way to London.世界上大约 30% 的茶叶都出口到了伦敦。T
8、hough it was raining hard, he made his way to school.尽管雨下得很大，他还是朝学校赶去。联想拓展feel one s way摸索着前行fight/push one s way推挤着前行lose one s way迷路force one s way out挤出去；冲出去push one s way in挤进去show sb. the way为某人指路get in the way妨碍wind one s way蜿蜒前进高手过招翻译句子由于在这方面没有经验，我们必须摸索着前进。很多学生正朝博物馆走去。答案： Without experience o
9、n it, we have to feel our way. Many students are making their way to the museum.6. burn .to the ground(楼房等 )被（全部）烧毁；全部焚毁He has no place to live in because his house has been burnt to the ground.他无处栖身 ,因为他的房子被烧掉了。联想拓展burn away逐渐烧掉 ; 消失burn down(建筑物）烧毁，火力减弱burn off烧掉，蒸发burn up烧毁、烧得更旺/亮，消耗burn out烧坏，烧尽
10、burn oneself out筋疲力尽burn for渴望burn in给 留下不可磨灭的印象高手过招单项填空Be careful with fire, or it willthe whole building.A. burn downB. burn forC. burn upD. burn in解析：选 A 。考查短语辨析。 burn down ( 建筑物）烧毁，火力减弱； burn for 渴望； burn up 烧毁，烧得更旺 /亮，消耗； burn in 给 留下不可磨灭的印象。此处应是 “把 烧毁 ”的意思。7. quite a few好些；相当多I have made quite
11、 a few friends here.在这里我已经交了好多朋友。易混辨析第3页共6页very few/only a few/a few/not a fewvery few, only a few 都可表示 “少 ”， “几乎没有 ”的意思，但 very few 侧重于 “几乎没有人 ”或 “大多数都不 ”这一概念。only a few 侧重于表达 “在许多之中有几个”，不强调“大多数不 ”这一概念。a few 意思是 “少数几个，一些”，表达肯定概念。高手过招完成句子 Are your friends here? Yes,(相当多 ) are here.答案： quite a fewnot
12、a few相当于 many ，意思是 “许多、大量 ”。Very few people can bear the cold in Antarctica.几乎没有人能忍受南极的寒冷。Only a few people could see the scene.只有几个人看到了这个景象。(看到这一景象的人不多。)A few friends came to see me last week.上星期有几个朋友来看我。Not a few students are going there.许多学生都要去那里。重点句型8. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed bega
13、n shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window.我睡得正酣，正在这时我的床开始晃动，我听到一种奇怪的声音，就像一列火车正从我窗外驶过。when 引导了时间状语从句。在此状语从句中，and 连接两个并列的句子。like a railway train passing mywindow 为介词短语作定语，修饰 sound ，而 a railway train passing my window 为 like 的复合宾语。 “be+ 形容词 /表示状态的介词短语 +when . 表”示 “正在
14、做某事，就在这时 ”。联想拓展be about to do sth. when .正要做某事，就在这时be doing+when .正在做某事，就在这时 (分句中的动作往往是短暂性的)had just done when .刚做过某事，就在这时温馨提示此时的 when 不可以与 while 互换 ,也不可以将 when 引导的从句置于句首。I was fast asleep when suddenly there was a loud noise outside my room.我睡得正香，就在这时房外传来巨大的噪音。He was on a journey to Europe when he
15、received her call.他正在去欧洲的旅行中，就在这时他接到了她的电话。We were on a flight to Tokyo when suddenly I remembered I had left my passport home.我们正在去东京的飞机上，这时我突然想起我把护照忘在了家里。高手过招单项填空The boys were about to go out to play footballsuddenly it began to rain.WhenB. asC. whileD. Then解析：选 A 。考查 “be about to do when . . 的”句型。
16、此结构的意思是“正要做某事，就在这时” 。其中 when相当于 and just then ，不可以用 while, as 等替换 。第4页共6页9. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。句中的 this being my first
17、experience为独立主格结构。独立主格结构 （ Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需要特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。独立主格结构基本构成形式为：名词 (代词 )+现在分词（过去分词/形容词 /副词 /不定式 / 名词 /介词短语）Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out w
18、hat the dark mass was from a distance.黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，
19、眼睛紧盯着黑板。高手过招单项填空The robber was brought to the judge,A. with his hands were fast tiedB. his hands to be fast tiedC. his hands fast tiedD. his hand having been fast tied解析：选 C。独立主格结构是短语的形式作定语或状语。“his hands fast tied 是一”个由 “名词 +过去分词 ”构成的独立结构， 这种结构的名词后还可以接介词短语等，在句中通常作状语。再如： The teacher came intothe clas
20、sroom, books in hand。10. Having taken the wrong bus, Martin found himself in an unfamiliar district.由于乘错了车，马丁发现自己到了一个不熟悉的地区。find oneself 后跟 doing 、 v.ed形式、形容词、介词短语、副词等，表示“在无意识中出现了某种情况”。When she came to herself, she found herself covered with a blanket.当她苏醒过来的时候，她发现自己身上盖着一条毯子。When food was served, we
21、 suddenly found ourselves very hungry.当食物端上来的时候，我们突然觉得饿了。When dawn came, we found ourselves walking on a country road.黄昏时分， 我们发现自己走在一条乡间的路上。Suddenly I found myself making the same mistake as I made yesterday.突然间，我发现自己又犯了昨天的错误。高手过招单项填空When the boy came to himself, he found himselfby his teacher and classmates, which made himquite moved.A. SurroundingB. surroundC. SurroundedD. surrounds第5页共6页解析：选 C。考查 find 后动词的非谓语形式。himself 与 surround 之间为被动关系，因此用过去分词。第6页共6页