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1、定语从句讲与练一、定语的概念： 定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语) a beautiful girl（ ）three boys （ ）a shoe factory（ ） Jims father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （ ）the man standing at the door（ ）the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句
2、一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。请划出下列句子中的定语从句、先行词及关系代词：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 2. 定语从句的主要特征：（1）先行词要在从句中充当一定的成分；（2）what永远不能引导定语从句；（3）翻译时先译从句，翻译成“.的”三、定语从句的基本用法：（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1who 指_，在定语从句中作_，有时也作_。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
3、; 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。 That is the teacher who teaches us
4、 physics. 2 / 17 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。You neednt talk to the people who you dont like talking to. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。2whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中
5、作_。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man (_/
6、_)you met just now is my old friend.3which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.
7、; 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。The house which is by the lake looks nice. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 分析：先行
8、词是_关系代词在从句中作_。4that 引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。The perso
9、n that / / you introduced to me is very kind. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。The season that / comes after spring is summer. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。Yesterday I received a letter that /_ came from Australia. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientis
10、t whose name is known all over the country. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。I lost the book whose cover was blue. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。We live in a house whose windows face the south. 分析：先行词是_关系代词在从句中作_。注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classro
11、om whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose + 名词 _(二) 关系副词引导的定语从句1 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用in/on/at w
12、hich代替。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 分析：先行词是_关系副词在从句中作_。The time when we got together finally arrived. 分析：先行词是_关系副词在从句中作_。October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China wa
13、s founded. 把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：先行词_ 关系副词在从句中作_。 Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents? 把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：先行词_ 关系副词在从句中作_。2 where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用in/on/a
14、t which代替。 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：先行词_ 关系副词在从句中作_。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. .把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：先行词_ 关系副词在从句中作_。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。分析：先行词_ 关系副词在从句中作_。Is this the place
15、where they fought the enemy? 这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？分析：先行词_ 关系副词在从句中作_。注意：当先行词是situation, occasion, point时，且又在从句中作状语时，常用where来引导定语从句。Sometimes you will find yourself in a situation where you felt very embarrassed（尴尬）. He has reached a point where nobody can compare with him.3 why 指原因，在定语从句中
16、作原因状语。常可用for which来代替。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 分析：先行词_ 关系副词在从句中作_。The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 译成汉语：_ I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 译成汉语：_ 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。
17、如： From the years when (=_) he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. I will never forget the moment when (=_) the blind students moved us. Great changes are ta
18、king place in the city where (=_) they live. The reason why (=_) he refused the invitation is quite clear. 四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句举例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could
19、depend on. China is a country which has a long history. In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 非限制性定语从句举例 ：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Last summer I visited the Pe
20、oples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 注意：在非限制性定语从句中，有时which所指代的先行词是前面的整个句子。Xiao Li came to see me off, which was very kind of her.He didnt pass the exam, which surprised us.五定语从句考查重点：（一）定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which指物。（指人时可以用who/whom）1. 当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。如：Thi
21、s is the best film that I have ever seen. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 2. 当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing ,something, all, none, few, little, some, much等代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如： Have you taken down everything t
22、hat Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. There is little that I can do for you. He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 3. 当先行词被the very, the only, the same, t
23、he last修饰时。如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 4. 当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 5. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如：They talke
24、d about the persons and things that they remembered at school Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 思考：什么时候只能which 而不能用that呢？1.在_中；2.在_之后。（二）关系代词的省略： The factory we visited yesterday was really old. (请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置) The man you just talked to was my English teacher.
25、 (请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置) 当关系代词在从句中作_时可以省略。（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday. This is the boy _I pla
26、yed tennis yesterday.Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer _we have often talked. The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.The manager _ I work pays much attention to impro
27、ving our working conditions. 注意： 含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of, give up等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)The babies (whom / who / that
28、) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour.
29、0; (正) The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正) The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both,
30、neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
31、60; Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. （四）当先行词被one of修饰时，若one of前有the only，则从句的谓语动词用单数，没有only的话则用复数。 He is one of the students who _ never late. 译成汉语：_ He is the only one of the students who _ never late
32、. 译成汉语：_（五）先行词是时间却不用when引导，先行词是地点却不用where引导，先行词是原因却不用why引导。I will never forget the days _ we climbed the mountain together.I will never forget the days _ we spent together. We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live.We visited the house _ Lu Xun used to live in.This is the reason _ he was unhappy.&#
33、160; This is the reason _ he explained to me.（六）当先行词被such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如：Ive never heard such stories as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 注意：当先行词
34、受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 同一个。She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 一样的。（七）以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，通常可以省略。如：The way _he answered the questions was surprising. I dont like the
35、 way_ you laugh at her. 六、定语从句和其它句型之间的关系1. suchas/（soas）引导的定语从句和such/sothat引导的结果状语从句如果从句缺主语或宾语，选as；如果从句的结构完整，选that。He is such a good boy _ everyone likes him. He is such a good boy _ everyone likes. The great white shark is so fierce a fish _eats most of the
36、 others. 2. that引导的同位语从句与定语从句同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能用which代替。定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，有时也可用which。They expressed the hope_they would come to visit China again.The hope _she expressed just now is that they would come to visit China again.3. 非限制性定语从句与并列句 1)他有两个儿子，都是医生。He has two sons , _ a
37、re doctors. He has two sons , _are both doctors.He has two sons, and _are doctors .2)He said nothing_ made me angry. He said nothing , _made me angry. He said nothing , and _made me angry. 4. 定语从句与非谓语动词相结合1)Mrs. Brown看见她请人修过的洗衣机又坏了，很失望。Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she_
38、 (repair)went wrong again.2)经理们讨论了那个他们很想看见在明年开展的计划。The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _(carry out)next year. 5. 定语从句与名词性从句_is known to all , the moon travels around the earth._is known to all that the moon travels around the earth._is known to all is that the moon travels ar
39、ound the earth. _the moon travels around the earth is known to all.6. 定语从句与地点状语从句：When you read the book , youd better make a mark in the place _you have any questions.When you read the book , youd better make a mark _you have any questions.7. 定语从句与强调句、状语从句It was this small village _we got to know e
40、ach other.It was in this small village _we got to know each other.It was 1914 _the war broke out.It was in 1914 _the war broke out.It was 1914 , _the war broke out.8. 定语从句中含有插入语He made another wonderful discovery, _I think is of great importance to science.The Chinese government has decided to develop the west of China, _, I dare say, will benefit the people there , especially those who are still leading a poor life.We found some precious jars and vases in an ancient tomb, the pieces _, you know, _ (be) valuable.