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1、 卷 阅读AWe know the famous ones the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器)？Shouldnt we know who they are?Joan McLean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics a
2、t Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who invented “what, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why and “how questions. According to McLean, “When students learn the answe
3、rs to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.Her students agree. One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLeans statement. “If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper
4、s invention, said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, “I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive. Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary
5、Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why
6、there couldnt be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshi
7、eld wiper. Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. Its hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgans traffic light. Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and
8、eyeglasses?56. By mentioning “traffic light and “windshield wiper, the author indicates that countless inventions are _.A. beneficial, because their inventors are famous B. beneficial, though their inventors are less famousC. not useful, because their inventors are less famous D. not useful, though
9、their inventors are famous57. Professor Joan McLeans course aims to _.A. add color and variety to students campus life B. inform students of the windshield wipers inventionC. carry out the requirements by Mountain University D. prepare students to try their own inventions58. Tommy Lees invention of
10、the unbreakable umbrella was _.A. not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer B. inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper C. due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm D. not related to Professor Joan McLeans lectures59. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this p
11、assage?A. How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers? B. How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?C. Shouldnt We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? D. Shouldnt We Develop Invention Courses in Universities? 60. Which of the following is discouraged by the Friends o
12、rganization?A. To build massive complexes for public amusement. B. To prevent possible damages to the National Park.C. To help protect and improve the Park for all to enjoy. D. To sponsor publications and projects in local schools.61. One of the benefits for members of Friends is to _.A. have Friend
13、s goods free of charge B. visit any place not open to the publicC. take part in work parties if they want to D. give talks in their fields on current issues62. The purpose of this poster is to invite more people to_.A. raise money for the Friends organization B. join the Friends organization and be
14、members of itC. work as managers for Pembrokeshire National Park D. enjoy the landscape of Pembrokeshire National ParkCAccording to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gig watts of electricity every year. Unfortunately, the water there is far too deep for even the t
15、allest windmills (see picture) to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway, however, could help put them anywhere. The project, called Hywind, is the worlds first large-scale deepwater wind turbine (涡轮发电机). Although it uses a fairly standard 152-ton 2.3-megawatt turbine, Hywind
16、represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar (see picture), a technology Hywinds creator, the Norwegian company StatoilHydro, has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will
17、be tied to the ocean floor by three cables; these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves. Hywinds stability in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the
18、 turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but its difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floa
19、ting spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spars centre of gravity must be moved much closer to the oceans surface. To do that, the company plans to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox (变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades (see pict
20、ure ). Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind-farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing offshore windmills are planted. Deep-sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcom
21、e the windmill-as-eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planets surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available.63. The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of _.A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean flo
22、or B. the spar which is floating in deep-sea waterC. the blades driven by strong and steady sea wind D. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface64. To balance a bigger turbine high on a flatting spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting _.A. on the sea floor B
23、. on the spar top C. at sea level D. behind the blades65. Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can _.A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmills B. make financial profits by producing more turbinesC. settle the arguments about environmental problemsD. explore low-carbon po
24、wer resources available at seaDShay and his father had walked past a park where some boys Shay knew were playing baseball. Shay asked, “Do you think theyll let me play? Shays father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that if his
25、son, mentally and physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence.Shays father approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play, not expecting much. The boy looked around and said, “Were losing by six runs (分) and
26、the game is in the eighth inning (局). I guess he can be on our team and well try to put him in to bat in the final inning.Shay struggled over to the teams bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile and his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in his heart. The boys saw the fathers joy
27、 at his son being accepted.In the bottom of the eighth inning, Shays team scored a few runs but was still behind by three. In the top of the final inning, Shay put on a glove and played in the field. Even though no hits came his way, he was obviously joyful just to be in the game and on the field. I
28、n the bottom of the final inning, Shays team scored again. Now, Shay was scheduled to be next at bat. Would they let Shay bat and give away their chance to win the game?Surprisingly, Shay was given the bat. Everyone knew that a hit was almost impossible. The first pitch (投) came and Shay missed. The
29、 pitcher again took a few steps forward to throw the ball softly towards Shay. As the pitch came in, Shay swung at the ball and hit a slow ground ball right back to the pitcher.The pitcher could have easily thrown the ball to the first baseman and Shay would have been out and that would have been th
30、e end of the game. Instead, the pitcher threw the ball right over the head of the first baseman, beyond the reach of all teammates. The audience and the players from both teams started screaming, “Shay, run to first! Never in his life had Shay ever run that far but made it to first base, wide-eyed a
31、nd shocked.Everyone shouted, “Run to second! Catching his breath, Shay awkwardly ran towards second. By the time Shay rounded towards second base, the smallest guy on their team, who had a chance to be the hero for his team for the first time, could have thrown the ball to the second baseman, but he
32、 understood the pitchers intentions and he too intentionally threw the ball high and far over the third basemans head.All were screaming, “Shay，Shay，Shay，all the way Shay. Shay reached third base when one opposing player ran to help him and shouted, “Shay, run to third. As Shay rounded third, all we
33、re on their feet, crying, “Shay, run home Shay ran to home, stepped on the home base and was cheered as the hero who won the game for his team.That day, the boys from both teams helped bring a piece of true love and humanity into this world. Shay didnt make it to another summer and died that winter,
34、 having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day!66. Not expecting much, Shays father still asked the boy if Shay could play, mainly because the father _.A. noticed some of the boys on the field were
35、hesitating B. guessed his presence would affect the boys decisionC. learned some of the boys on the field knew Shay well D. understood Shay did need a feeling of being accepted67. In the bottom of the final inning Shay was given the bat because the boys _.A. believed they were sure to win the game B
36、. would like to help Shay enjoy the gameC. found Shay was so eager to be a winner D. felt forced to give Shay another chance68. The smallest boy threw the ball high and far over the third basemans head, probably because that boy _.A. was obviously aware of the pitchers purpose B. looked forward to w
37、inning the game for his teamC. failed to throw the ball to the second baseman D. saw that Shay already reached second base69. Which of the following has nothing to do with Shays becoming the hero for his team?A. The pitcher did not throw the ball to the first baseman. B. The audience and the players
38、 from both teams cheered for him.C. The opposing players failed to stop his running to home. D. One of the opposing players ran to help him.70. What to you think is the theme of the story?A. True human nature could be realized in the way we treat each other.B. Everyone has his own strength even if m
39、entally or physically disabled.C. Everyone can develop his team spirit in sports and please his parents.D. The results of the game should not be the only concern of the players.请认真阅读以下短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?Why Difficult?When we wrong someone we k
40、now, even not intentionally, we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when were acting as leaders, the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performa
41、nce in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organiz
42、ational harmony while an apology that is too little, too late, or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What, then, is to be done? How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?Why Now?The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never be
43、en more urgent. During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More
44、articles, cartoons, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.Why Bother?Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an
45、 easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a good, s
46、trong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.Why Refuse?Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Becau
47、se leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk strategy.KeysA篇 BDBCB篇 ACBC篇 BCDD篇 DBACA