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1、人教版初一英语上册语法点整理版初一英语上册语法点s=主语 v=动词 行为动词: 1:主语+v3单4+。 +dont/doesnt+ v原形。 2;主语3:do/dose+主语+动词原形。 4:主语+do/dose. nos+dont+doesnt. 5:do/dose+主语+动词原形。 3单4: 1:+s 2:+es 3:y改i+s4:y改i+es 行为动词: 1:主语+be+. 2;主语+be not+. 3: be+主语+. 4:主语+be .NO,主语+be not +wh的5种变化+3单的be+主语+。,动词: 为2种。 1:it am are be动词 2:行为动词 特殊疑问句=一般
2、疑问句+特殊疑问词。 过去式的物种变化: s+动词ed+. s+didnt+动词原形 did +s+动词原形 回答: yes,s+did no,s+didnt. be going to 的变化: s+be going to+v原 s+be notgoing to +v原 be+going to+v 原 回答: yes,s+be not s+be not. 语法 1、名词 A)、名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下: 一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, b
3、ananas二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos,
4、 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 五)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese七)一般只有复数，没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是
5、复数的有:police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员 九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, or
6、ange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或s。如:Is (Is), Ks (Ks)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十二) 特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格 当我们要表示某
7、人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:一)单数在后面加s。如:brothers, Mikes, teachers 二)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:, Womens Day三八Teachers Day教师节, classmates; Childrens Day六一节节 三)由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Bens room迈克和本的房间(共住一间)，Mikes and Bens rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)2、代词 项目 人称代词 物主代词
8、 指示代词 反身代词 宾格 形容词 名词性 人称 主格第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves 3、动词 A) 第三人称
9、单数 当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下:一)一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes三)1)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四)以o结尾加es。如:does, goes 五)特殊
10、的有:are-is, have-has B) 现在分词 当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下:一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, hav
11、e-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母，一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时，则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:一) 一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-gre
12、atest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母，1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三) 以辅音字母，y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friend
13、ly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情况:(两好多坏，一少老远) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worstlittle- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、数词 (基变序，有规则;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十
14、二;其它后接th;y结尾，变为i, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、初一英语语法句式 1.陈述句 肯定陈述句 a) This is a book. (be动词) b) He looks very young. (连系动词) c) I want a sweat like this. (实义动词) d) I can bring
15、 some things to school. (情态动词) e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be结构) 否定陈述句 a) These arent their books. b) They dont look nice.c) Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate cant find her doll.e) There isnt a cat here. (=Theres no cat here.) 二次函数配方成则抛物线的2. 祈使句1. 仰角:当从低处观测高处的目标时，视线与水平线所成的锐角
16、称为仰角肯定祈使句 a) Please go and ask the man. b) Lets learn English!c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句a) Dont be late. b) Dont hurry. （7）二次函数的性质：3. 疑问句 1) 一般疑问句 a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?（2）交点式：y=a(x-x1)(x-x2)d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading? （6）二次函数的图象：是以直线x=h为对称轴，顶点坐标为（
17、h，k）的抛物线。（开口方向和大小由a来决定）肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. (1)相交: 直线与圆有两个公共点时,叫做直线和圆相交,这时直线叫做圆的割线.否定回答: a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they dont. e) No, she isnt. 2) 选择疑问句 Is the table big or small? 回答 Its big./ Its sma
18、ll.tan13) 特殊疑问句 ? 问年龄 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. ? 问种类 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.(5)直角三角形的内切圆半径? 问身体状况 How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 推论1 经过圆心且垂直于切线的直线必经过切点.? 问方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My e-mail address is .?
19、问原因 Why do you want to join the club? ? 问时间 Whats the time? (=What time is it?) Its a quarter to ten a.m.(2)相切: 直线和圆有惟一公共点时,叫做直线和圆相切,这时直线叫做圆的切线,惟一的公共点做切点.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five oclock. When do you want to go? Lets go at 7:00. ? 问地方 Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. ? 问颜色 What color are they? They are light blue.