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1、高二英语语法复习人教版高二英语语法复习人教版【本讲教育信息本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：语法复习：1. 过去分词做状语2. 复习分词的各种形式doing; having done; having been done做状语。二. 知识总结与归纳：一过去分词可以做一个陈述句的时间，原因，条件，让步等状语。结构：过去分词短语，主句主语+谓语相当于1表示被动语态的时间，原因，条件，让步状语从句。例：1. Kicked out from this company, he had to find a new job.2. Once published, his work became famous for
2、 the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.3. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel.4. Bent roof and twenty-foot high walls of glass make them special when compared with other architecture from the same period.5. Given more time, we would be able to do th
3、e work much better.6. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.7. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. 2含主系表结构be+V-ed 形式表示状态或性质的状语从句。例：1. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.2. Excited by our success, we decided to ce
4、lebrate with dinner.3. Shocked at the waste of money, I decided to leave that company.4. Well-known for her skill as a designer, she was invited to work with the company.5. Surprised at what Berry had done, he didnt know what to say at first.二过去分词表达的动作先于主句的动作，表示：已经被结构：having been done 短语，主句主语+谓语1. H
5、aving been translated into Chinese, the book became very popular in China.2. After having been examined carefully, the room was locked again.3. Having been exhausted by the journey, he went straight to bed.4. Having been taught many times, he still made the same mistake.三复习：现在分词doing 短语以及它的完成式having
6、 done 短语做时间、原因，条件，让步状语；相当于表示主动意义的状语从句。 例：结构：doing 短语，主句主语+谓语 当时，/由于/如果having done 短语，主句主语+谓语 已经之后1. Living far from school, he is often late.2. Knowing that her daughter got sick at school, she hurried to school to take her home.3. Not having received any news from home for many years, she got more
7、and more homesick.4. Driving to the airport, he hit a boy on the bike.5. Hearing the music, he began to get homesick.6. Being quite ill, he had to give up the chance of going on a picnic.7. Having got married, he lived separately from his parents.四分词短语的逻辑主语应当与主句主语一致。如果分词短语的主语不是主句的主语，那么分词短语的主语名词应放在分词
8、前面。1. Time permitting, well call on our teacher.2. Work finished, he prepared to return home.3. The shower being over, we continued working.五总结及解题思路：根据分词短语与主句主语的关系主动，被动和时间顺序在主句动作之前，或与主句同时发生来确定做状语的分词的形式。六分词在陈述句后面，做陈述句的伴随状语或结果状语：表示伴随动作的分词根据它们与主句主语的关系主动/被动 ，选用 doing 或 done 短语表达。1. He was standing, hold
9、ing on to a tree that grew against the wall.2. There she stopped, listening to the strange sounds, while the whole house moved.3. At last he stopped running, sweat streaming down his face.【典型例题典型例题】一. 单项选择：1. _in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foun
10、dedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding.分析：分析：根据句意： Harvard 大学创立于 1636 年， “创立与主句主语 Harvard 为被动关系。答案：答案：C2. Hearing the news, he hurried out, _ book _ on the table and disappeared into the distance.A. left; lain openB. leaving; lying openC. leaving; lie openD. left; lying opened分析：分析：根据句意：听到这个消息，他匆
11、匆跑出去，消失在远方，但他的书还翻开着放在桌上。hurried out 和 disappeared 是连续的动作。而_ book _ on the table 那么是伴随的动作。答案：答案：B3. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacking in分析：分析：根据句意：虽然缺少钱，他的父母还是想方设法把他送进了大学。Lack of缺乏与主语 his parents 为主动关系。 答案：答案：B4. _ more attention
12、, the tree could have grown better.A. GivenB. To givenC. GivingD. Having given分析：分析：根据句意：如果给予更多的关注，树会长得更好。_ more attention 做条件状语，give 与主语 the tree 为被动关系，用过去分词做状语。答案：答案：A5. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose分析：分析：由于走神了，他差点撞到汽车上。lost in th
13、ought 形容词短语：走神。答案：答案：C二. 翻译句子：1. 泰德拒绝了朋友去海洋公园的邀请，因为他已经去过两次了。答案：答案：Having been to the Ocean Park twice, Ted refused his friends invitation to go there.Ted refused his friends invitation to go to the Ocean Park because he had been there twice.2. 从远处看，这个岛屿就象一朵彩云。答案：答案：Viewed from the distance, the isla
14、nd looked like a color cloud.When it was viewed from the distance, the island looked like a color cloud. 3. 他出身与一个贫困家庭，只上过两年学。答案：答案：Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.As he was born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.4. First built as an exclusive playgro
15、und for the 60s jet set by a member of its own, A&P Supermarket heir Huntington Hartford, over the years the club did close some of its luster, but never its beautiful setting. 答案：答案：翻译：翻译：最初的时候，海洋俱乐部只是一个为六十年代有钱人阶层专门建立的私人俱乐部，其创立者 Huntington Hartford 是 A&P 超市的继承人，也是富人阶层的一分子。多年之后，俱乐部已失去原有的一些光荣
16、，但是它那优美的环境依旧保存完好。【模拟试题模拟试题】答题时间：50 分钟一. 单项选择：1. _ wrong with the engine, he stopped his car.A. Feeling something goB. Feeling something to goC. To feel something goneD. Having felt something gone2. _my parents letter, I decided to write again.A. Not receive B. Not to receiveC. Not receivedD. Not hav
17、ing received3. The new machine, if _ properly, will work for at least ten years.A. useB. usingC. being usedD. used4. _, the young man is healthy and strong.A. Fully developedB. Fully developingC. Having fully developedD. To be fully developed5. _ to make a speech, he said he would be very glad to.A.
18、 When askedB. When askingC. To be askedD. When he was asking6. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year.A. CompletedB. completingC. being completed D. to be completed二. 完型填空 Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enj
19、oyed his _1_ and traveling. Then after returning to the United States from a _2_ trip to Russia .Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the _3_ of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place _4_ him. The materials between his bones became _5_.In less than one week after h
20、is return, he could not _6_. Every move that he _7_ was painful. He was not able to sleep at night. The doctors told him that they did not know how to cure Mr. Cousins problem and he might never _8_ over the illness. Mr. Cousins, however, refused to give up _9_.Mr. Cousins thought that _10_ thoughts
21、 were causing bad chemical changes in his body. He did not want to take medicine to cure himself. _11_, he felt that happy thoughts or _12_ might cure his illness.He began to _13_ on himself while still in hospital by watching funny shows on television. Mr. Cousins quickly found that 10 minutes of r
22、eal laughter during the _14_ gave him two hours of pain-free sleep at night._15_ the doctors could not help him. Mr. Cousins left the hospital and checked into a hotel room where he could _16_ his experiments with laughter. For eight days, Mr. Cousins rested in the hotel room watching funny shows on
23、 television, reading funny books, and sleeping _17_ he felt tired. Within three weeks, he felt well _18_ to take a vacation to Puerto Rico where he began running on the beach for _19_.After a few months, Mr. Cousins returned to work. He had laughed himself back to _20_.1. A. timeB. holidayC. sleepD.
24、 work2. A. boringB. tiringC. dangerousD. pleasant3. A. topB. degreeC. problemD. limit4. A. fromB. aroundC. insideD. beside5. A. weakB. illC. falseD. painful6. A. speakB. breatheC. standD. see7. A. madeB. didC. tookD. gave8. A. lookB. getC. turnD. think9. A. effortB. hopeC. treatmentD. arrangement10.
25、 A. foolishB. unusualC. funnyD. unhappy11. A. InsteadB. HoweverC. ThereforeD. Otherwise12. A. sleepB. travelC. laughterD. television13. A. rescueB. operateC. tryD. experiment14. A. dayB. weekC. monthD. year15. A. PromisingB. DecidingC. DoubtingD. Recognizing16. A. inventB. beginC. continueD. prove17
26、. A. untilB. wheneverC. unlessD. so that18. A. soonB. completelyC. slowlyD. enough19. A. exerciseB. illnessC. restD. pleasure20. A. powerB. senseC. healthD. happiness 三. 阅读理解：AIt is important to know another language and how to communicate without words when you are in another country. Before saying
27、 anything, people communicate with each other by using gestures手势. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.In the United States, nodding your head up and down means “yes, while in some pats of Greece and Turkey, it means “no. In the south
28、east of Asia, it is a polite way of saying “I heard you. Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right. However, in Greece it is bad. Also putting your clasped紧握的hands up above your head means “I am the winner. It is the sign which players often make. In Russia
29、it is the sign of friendship.In the USA, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger食指, and the other three straight means “Everything is OK. In France, it means “You are worth nothing.It is also important to make eye communication. If you look down when talking to an American, he or she ma
30、y feel that you are shy, or you are trying to hide something.Besides these, you should also know there are some topics that can not be talked about, such as age, weight and marriage. You can talk about the weather, work, sports, food, where one lives and news of the day.1. Which of the following is
31、true?A. People all over the world only communicate by words.B. Many gestures either have different meanings or no meanings at all.C. Gestures are the most common way to communicate.D. People can talk about anything in another country.2. In Greece nodding your head means “_.A. Yes.B. NoC. I heard you
32、D. I am the winner3. Putting the thumb up should not be used in _.A. GreeceB. the USAC. EnglandD. China4. What does this sentence mean “.your action can speak louder than your words ?A. What you do is better than what you say.B. You try your best to be polite.C. You are better understood by your ges
33、tures than through your words.D. What you say is better than what you do.5. The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, _.A. it is important to know the language.B .it is important to know what you talk about to a foreigner.C. to know how to communicate without words is as
34、important as to know the language.D. to communicate through gestures is more important than to know the language.BThe desire to make explorations is born with man. Wherever his imagination goes, man also has a strong wish to go. A large part of human history is considered with the exploration of the
35、 world in which we live. Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known. With kites, balloons and aircraft they left the ground to pass through the lower atmosphere. Now the
36、outer space receives their attention.Why should man take the trouble of conquering space ? It is hard to list the specific practical benefits that will surely see and discover new things in space that will increase our scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable prac
37、tical uses. What we learn about man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be extremely valuable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practi
38、cal uses in everyday life in some way. The areas that will benefits are manifold. They include communication, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, materials, fuels and many others. But to say definitely just what the practical results will be is almost impossible.1. The m
39、ain idea of the first paragraph is that _.A. man desire to explore what is unknown. B. man often goes wherever his dreams go C. man is no longer interested in the study of the land and sea now. D. mans history is his exploration of the world.2. The word “manifold in the second paragraph probably mea
40、ns _. A. vastB. variousC. valuableD. practical3. The author seems to be in favor of _. A. doubting the necessity of the space explorationB. the exploration of space C. exploring more in space than in sea D. his experience in space4. In the last sentence of Paragraph 2 the phrase “practical result re
41、fers to the results _.A. that are obtained from experienceB. that can be learned as knowledgeC. that can be made use ofD. helping us make further exploration.【试题答案试题答案】一. 单项选择：1. A 解析：解析：_ wrong with the engine 做全句的原因状语，feel 与主语具有主动关系，用-ing 形式做状语，go wrong 做宾语 something 的补足语。2. D 解析：解析：由于没有受到父母的来信，在全
42、句中做原因状语，动作在主句 decided to write again 动作之前，用-ing 的完成式 Not having done 结构做状语 3. D 解析：解析：如果被使用恰当，过去分词做条件状语。 4. A 解析：解析：如果进行全面开展，过去分词做状语，与主句主语构成被动关系。5. A 解析：解析：当被要求讲话时，他说他很快乐。6. A 解析：解析：当博物馆被完工竣工时，它将与明年对公众开放。二. 完型填空1. D解析：解析：他很喜欢他的工作和旅行出差2. B解析：解析：从到俄罗斯的令人疲惫不堪的出差回到美国。Tiring 预示下文提到的 Mr. Cousins 生病。3. D解析
43、：解析：在旅途中，他把他的身体的体力推向了极限4. C解析：解析：于是他的身体内部发生了变化5. A解析：解析：他的骨头之间的物质变得脆弱了。此题另外三个选项与主语搭配不适宜。6. C 解析：解析：他几乎无法站立了7. A解析：解析：他所做的每一个动作都让他感到疼痛。做运动：make a move8. B解析：解析：医生告诉他，他们无法解决他的问题，他可能不能从他的疾病中恢复过来。get over：从病中恢复过来。9. B解析：解析：Mr. Cousins 拒绝放弃治疗的希望。10. D解析：解析：Mr. Cousins 认为一些不愉快的想法正在他的体内产生着某种化学变化。此处与下文的 hap
44、py thoughts 相对应。11. A解析：解析：他不想进行药物治疗，相反，12. C解析：解析：他认为愉快的想法或放声大笑 能治愈他的疾病。13. D解析：解析：在住院期间他开始用观看滑稽电视节目来进行实验。experiment on somebody：拿某人做实验。14. A解析：解析：他发现白天 10 分钟的开心大笑能给他带来夜间两小时的舒适睡眠。during the day 对应下一句的 at night.15. B解析：解析：已经肯定医生无法再帮助他了。 deciding :确定。16. C解析：解析：他离开医院在旅馆里继续他的实验。17. A解析：解析：他在房间里反复看电视娱乐
45、节目，读书，睡觉，做这些事直到他感到累了为止。18. D解析：解析：他感到身体足够健康了19. A解析：解析：他开始出国度假并在海边跑步锻炼。20. C解析：解析：他通过笑使自己恢复了健康。三. 阅读理解：A1. B 解析：解析：细节判断题，根据第一段 However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.可以得知：许多手势在某些地区要么有着不同的含义要么根本就没有任何意义。2. B 解析：解析：根据第二段内容可以得知点头在希腊某些地区的含义。3
46、. A 解析：解析：根据第三段：Today in the USA, when someone puts his thumb up, it means “Everything is all right. However, in Greece it is bad.可以得知树大拇指在希腊的含义不同于在美国。它是“不好的表示，不应使用。C，D 两项文章没有涉及。4. C 解析：解析：语句理解。根据第一段内容：人们在国外与人交流要么懂得外语，要么学会使用手势交流。所以说“通过手势动作比通过语言能更好地被人理解。5. C 解析：解析：考查文章的主旨。第一段第一句交代了文章的主题。B1. A 解析：解析：考
47、查文章的主旨大意。从第一段 Again and again people have set out with surprising courage and patience to look into unknown regions and lands to see what had not yet been seen, to make the unknown known.可知。2. B 解析：解析：词义猜想。从第二段 The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep man alive in space, will certainly find practical uses in everyday life in some way.可知 the areas that will benefit 是广泛多样的。文章下文说明获利饿各个方面。3. B 解析：解析：从全文看，作者对探索太空持赞成态度。4. C 解析：解析：文章最后一句意思是：但是要确切地说这种实际结果是什么将是不可能的。这种实际结果就是能应用上文所提到的各种领域所获得的利益。