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1、时间状语从句l.when, while 和 as 的用法.when强调主从句动作的)(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作 发生有先后。如： When he got there, the classroom had been cleaned.他到的时候，教室已打扫过了。(主句动作发生在从句动作之前 He went to play football when he finished his homework.做完作业后他就去踢足球了。(主句的动作发生在从句动作之后when可作并列连词用， 相当于just then , at the time ,前一分句多用进行时、be abo
2、utto或be on the point of doing ,表示“正在做.，就在这时发生了另外一件事"或“届 时”。如： I was reading when he suddenly came in. I was about to leave when the telephone rang.(2)while强调主句动作发生在从句动作所发生的时间段内，从句的动作必须是延续性 动词。如： Strike iron while it's still hot. Will you please take care of my house while I was away?在这一情况下，
3、从句的动作一定是延续性动词，如果是非延续动词，要用when。如: Will you please take care of my house when I went away?当我进来的时侯，他在和别人说话。While I came in, he was talking with others.When I came in, he was talking with others.(3)as引导一个持续性动作，强调主从句的动作同时发生，有“一边.一边.”的意思，也可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，有“随着.”的意思。如：He sang as he walked.他边走边唱。 As he gets
4、older, he gets more open.随着年龄的增长，他越发开朗起来。2 .as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, no sooner.than, hardly/scarcely.when. , immediately, directly, instantly的用法。这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”，The moment she arrives , we can start.No sooner had we arrived at the station
5、 than the train left.The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.3 .till, until 和 not.until 的用法(1)在肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，意为“某动作一直延续到某点才 停止”。You may stay here till/until the rain stops.你得在这里呆到雨停。(2)在否定句中，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作 直到某时间才开始”。He won't go to bed till (until) she returns.
6、直到她回来他才睡。(3)not.until句型中的强调和倒装说法。It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. (强调句型 )Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. (not until 置于句首，主句要倒装)Not until he came back did he find his house had been broken into.4 .before 和 since 的用法(1)连词before表示“还未就”，"不到就”，"才”，“趁还没来得及
7、”。Before they reached the station, the train had gone.We hadn't run a mile before he felt tired.Please write it down before you forget it.(2)before的句型：It will be +时间段+before从句，表示“多久之后才”。It will be half a year before I come back.It won't be long before we meet again.(3)since的句型：It is/has been
8、 +时间段+since从句。若从句谓语为非延续性动词，表示“自从有多久”；若从句的谓语为延续性动词，表示“自从结束/完成起有多久”。It is three years since the war broke out.It is three years since he lived here.补充： as soon as, hardly when, no sooner than 1 .三者都表示一就"，刚刚就”的意思，有时可以互换。我刚到公共汽车站，汽车就开了。”一句，就可以有如下几句译法：As soon as I got to the bus stop, the bus starte
9、d.Hardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.2 .但也要注意他们之间的差异：as soon as是普通用法，置于主句前后均可，可以用于各种时态。如：I ' ll write you as soon as I get there.我一到那儿就给你来信。(一般现在时)As soon as I went in, Katherine cried out with pleasure.我一进门，凯斯琳就高兴的叫起来。(
10、一般过去时)注意：as soon as从句谓语要用一般现在时表将来发生的事。如：He will ring you as soon as he gets there.他至U那儿就会给你打电话。(2)使用hardly when时，主句中的动词若是行为动词则必须用过去完成时，when有时可改用 before 。如：He had hardly finished the article when the light went out.他刚写完文，灯就熄了。若把hardly放于句首，主句要倒装。如：Hardly had I finished eating when he came in.我刚吃完他就进来了
11、。.no soonerthan表示 刚就”时主句须用倒装形式。如：No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚至 U就又走了。注意：hardly - when , no sooner - than 不能表将来的事。“个自从since2个直到 till, until3个当时 when, while, as时 间 状 从4类一.就:T个 as soon asJ 2个倒装 1 hardlywhen.no sooner.than,.3个： immediately> directly instantlyI4个the+口 ： Ihe+minute/ second/ moment/ iustant5 个 time:rthe first（第一次）even/each（每次）< next t Hi” （下次） hst Mm，（上次） Lby the讪/ （到时>