《最新人教版语文八年级上册课后字词注音及解释名师优秀教案.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《最新人教版语文八年级上册课后字词注音及解释名师优秀教案.doc（49页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、人教版语文八年级上册课后字词注音及解释1、新闻两则 业已(y):已经。 锐不可当(dn):锋利无比，不可抵挡。 阻遏() 阻止: 鄂():中国湖北省的别称。 豫(y):中国河南省的别称。 聿(y):古汉语助词,用在句首或句中 阌(wn)乡:河南省旧县名。 2、芦花荡 疟子(yozi):即疟疾，一种急性传染病。症状是发愣发热，发热后大量出汗，头痛，口渴，全身无力。 尖利:尖锐，锋利 能耐:本事;技能。 悠闲:闲适自在。 寒噤(jn):因寒冷而哆嗦。 阴惨:阴森凄惨。 仄(z)歪(wi):倾斜，歪斜。 央告:恳求。 转弯抹角:比喻说话绕弯，不直截了当。 月明风清:月光明亮，清风微动。形容美好的夜晚
2、。 张皇(hun)失措(cu):慌慌张张，不知道怎么办才好。 蹿(cun):向上或向前跳。 阴森:阴沉可怕 飒飒(s):形容风雨声。 闷热:天气很热，气压低，湿度大，使人感到呼吸不畅快。 3、蜡烛 拂(f)晓:天快亮的时候。 瓦砾(l):破碎的砖头瓦块。 地窖(jio):保藏薯类、蔬菜等的地洞或地下室。 鞠(j)躬(gn):弯身行礼，表示恭敬。 颤(chn)巍巍(wi):抖动摇晃(多用来形容老年人的某些动作)。 精疲力竭:精神非常疲劳，体力消耗已尽，形容极度疲乏。 4、就英法联军远征中国给巴特勒上尉的信 箱箧(qi):箱子。 赃物:贪污、受贿、盗窃等非法获取的财物。 制裁:用强力管束并处罚。
3、荡然无存:形容东西完全失去，一点没有留下 不可名状:不能够用语言形容。名，说出。 瞥(pi)见:一眼看见。 5、亲爱的爸爸妈妈 纳粹(cu):“纳粹”的称呼来自德语的“Nazi”，即德国国家社会党，这里指以希特勒为头子的德国社会主义工人党和德国侵略军。 肃穆:严肃而恭敬。 荒谬(mi):极端错误，非常不合理。 健忘:容易忘记事情。 1 杀戮(l):杀害(多指大量的);屠杀。 恍惚(hun h):神志不清，精神不集中。 憧憬(chn jn):对未来的美好期待和向往。 6、阿长与山海经 骇(hi):惊惧。 掳(l):抢取。 震悚(sn):身体因恐惧或过度兴奋而颤动。 疮(chun)疤(b):指伤口
4、好了以后留下的疤痕，比喻痛处、短处或隐私。 诘(ji)问:追问，责问。 渴慕(m):渴望仰慕。 疏懒:懒散而不惯受拘束。 霹(p)雳(l):原指强烈的雷电现象。这里指作者受到了极大的震憾。 孤孀(shun):没有孩子的寡妇。 谋(mu)死 :谋杀 鼹(yn)鼠 :鼹鼠的别名。 切切(qi)察察(ch):现在多写作“嘁嘁喳喳”，象声词，模拟细碎的说话声音。 图赞:写在画面或图画上的赞美诗文。 絮(x)说:絮絮叨叨地说 顺顺流流:即“顺顺溜溜”，顺当。 辟头:开头。 憎(zn)恶:憎恨厌恶。 面如土色:形容极端惊恐。 深不可测:形容极其深奥。 聚族而居:同一家族聚在一处居住。 7、背影 差chi使
5、:旧社会在机关里做事的叫“当差”，这里指“职务”。 交卸xi:旧时官吏卸职，向后任交代。 狼藉j:乱七八糟的样子。 簌簌s:纷纷落下的样子。 赋闲f:失业在家。 勾留u:短时间停留。 踌躇chuch:犹豫 迂y:言行守旧，不合时宜。 蹒跚pnshn:因为腿脚不灵便，走路缓慢摇摆的样子。 拭sh:擦。 颓唐tu:精神不振作。 琐屑su:细小而繁多(的事)。 惦记din:(对人或事物)心里老是想着，放不下心。 箸zh:筷子。 大去之期:意思指与世长辞，一去不返的时间。这是委婉的说法。 祸不单行:灾祸一个接一个不断到来。 变卖典质:(把自己的财产、衣物)出卖和典当出去。典，当。质，抵押。 触目伤怀:
6、看到(家庭败落的情况)心里感到悲伤。怀，心。 不能自已:不能控制自己(的心情)。已，停止，这里是控制的意思。 2 情郁y于中:感情聚积在心里不得发泄。郁，抑郁。中，内心。 8、台阶 凼(dn):水坑。 尴(n)尬():神色、态度不自然。 烦躁:烦闷焦躁。 微不足道:微小得很，不值得一提。 大庭广众:指聚集很多人的公开场合。 低眉顺眼:默默无闻，任劳任怨。 微不足道:很小，不值得一提。 若有所失:感觉好像丢掉了什么，形容心情怅惘。 9、老王 伛(y):弯腰曲背。 惶恐(hunkn):惊恐，害怕。 荒僻:荒凉偏僻。 塌败(t bi):塌陷破败、倒塌败退。 取缔(q d):取消、替代，明令取消或禁止
7、。 骷髅(k lu):一般指人死后腐烂最后只剩下一副骨头。 滞(zh)笨:呆滞笨拙。 愧怍(zu):惭愧。 失群落伍:因跟不上时代，而感到孤单。 单干户:农业合作化时期指不参加互助组和农业合作化的农户。也比喻只愿意单独工作，不愿意跟人合作的人。 干校:这里指“五七干校”“文化大革命”期间国家干部集体下放劳动锻炼的场所。 10、信客 克扣:非法扣减应该发给别人的财物。 接济:在物质上援助。 唏嘘(xx):哭泣后不由自主的急促呼吸。 稀罕:稀奇、少有、少见。 噩耗( ho):指近亲或敬爱的人死亡的消息。 呵斥(hch):大声或粗暴地责骂。 颠沛(din pi):无家可归，不断漂流，居无定所。形容生
8、活艰难，带有可怜、怜悯之意。 文绉绉zhu:形容人谈吐、举止文雅的样子。 吊唁(yn):祭奠死者并慰问家属。 伎俩(j lin):不正当的手段。 颠沛:贫困，受挫折。 猝(c)然:突然，出乎意料。 焦灼(zhu):非常着急。 风尘苦旅:形容旅途奔波，忙碌劳累、辛苦。 低眉顺眼:低着眉头，两眼流露出顺从的神情。形容驯良、顺从。 长途跋涉(b sh):形容路途遥远，行路辛苦。 穷愁潦倒:穷困愁苦而颓废、失意。 鸡零狗碎:比喻事物零零碎碎，不成片段。 3 从容不迫:不慌不忙，沉着镇静。 11、中国石拱桥 匀称(chn):均匀，比例和谐。 雄跨:威武雄壮的跨越。 雄姿:威武雄壮的姿态。 残损(cn s
9、n):残缺破损。 古朴:朴素而有古代的风格。 推崇:十分推重。 惟妙惟肖(xio):形容描绘得十分精妙逼真。肖，相似。 巧妙绝伦:方法或技巧灵巧高明，独一无二。 12、桥之美 驻(zh)足:停止脚步。 失之毫厘，差之千里:相差虽小，而造成的误差或错误极大。 美感:对于美的感受或体会。 史诗:史诗是叙述英雄传说或重大历史事件的古代叙事长诗。 13、苏州园林 轩(xun)榭(xi):轩，有窗户的廊子或小屋;榭，建筑在台上的房屋。 败笔:绘画中不好的一部分。 胸有丘壑(h):】:丘:山丘;壑:山沟。指绘画、作文时，心中已把握到了深远的意境。 嶙(ln)峋(xn):枯瘦的样子。 镂空(lu):镂空是一
10、种雕刻技术。外面看起来是完整的图案，但里面是空的或者里面又镶嵌小的镂空物件。 蔷薇:落叶灌木。 明艳:鲜明艳丽。 因地制宜:根据不同地区的具体情况规定适宜的方法。 重峦叠嶂(zhn):重重叠叠的山峰。 自出心裁:出于自心的剪裁、创造。 别具匠心:另有一种巧妙的心思。 14、故宫博物院 磬(qn):古代的一种石制打击乐器。 鳌(o)头:指皇宫大殿前石阶上刻的鳌的头，考上状元的人才能踏上来。后来用“独占鳌头”比喻第一名。 琉璃:用某些矿物质原料烧成的半透明釉料。 藻(zo)井:宫殿或厅堂天花板上的一种装饰。 蟠(pn)龙:弯曲的龙。 中(轴)zhu线:中国古代大建筑群平面中统率全局的轴线称为“中轴
11、线”。 金銮殿:皇帝受朝见的殿。 鎏(li)金:把溶解在水银里的金子涂在器物表面。 御(y)道:专供皇帝走的路。 斗拱:我国传统木结构建筑中的一种支承构件。 攒(zn):积聚。 殿试:科举制度最高一级考试，皇帝亲临殿延主持。 4 迥(jn)然不同:一点也不相同。 井然有序:形容整齐的样子。 15、说屏 屏风:古时建筑物内部挡风用的一种家具，一般陈设于室内的显著位置，起到分隔、美化、挡风、协调等作用。 纳凉:乘凉。 帷幕wi m:是悬挂起来用于遮挡的大块布、绸、丝绒等，亦作“帷幙”。 缓冲:减缓冲击力。 造型:用型砂及模样等工艺装备制造铸型的工艺过程。 伧(cn)俗:粗俗鄙陋。 雅俗之别: 高雅
12、和低俗的区别。 点缀(zhu):加以衬托或装饰，使原来的事物更美好。 因地制宜:根据不同地区的具体情况制定适宜的方法。 休憩(q):休息。 徒劳:无益地耗费体力，徒，白白地。 16、大自然的语言 萌发:比喻事物的开端。 次第:依次，按照顺序，或依一定顺序一个接一个地。 翩然:动作轻快的样子。 孕(yn)育:怀胎生育，用来比喻酝酿着新事物。 销声匿(n)迹:原指不公开讲话，不公开露面，这里指昆虫都无声无息，无影无踪了。 衰草连天:遍地是衰草。 风雪载(zi)途:风雪满路。 周而复始:一次又一次地循环。 草长莺飞:绿草茂盛，莺儿啼飞，指春天的美好景象。 17、奇妙的克隆 囊(nn):像口袋的东西。
13、 克隆:一个共同前体通过无性繁殖而形成的一群基因结构相同的细胞或个体。 繁衍(yn):逐渐增多或增广。 胚胎:在卵膜内正在发育的受精卵。 蟾蜍chn ch:俗称癞蛤蟆,两栖动物,体表有许多疙瘩,内有毒腺，能分泌粘液,吃昆虫、蜗牛等小动物 鳞片:一般多指长在生物体表面的鳞状构造。 脊(j)椎 (zhu):脊椎亦称脊柱、脊梁骨。 两栖(q):可以在水中生活,也可以在陆地上生活。 相安无事:相处没有冲突。 18、阿西莫夫短文两篇 褶(zh)皱(zhu):由于地壳运动，岩层受到挤压而形成的弯曲。 劫难(nn):灾难、灾祸。 致密:细致精密。 追溯(s):逆流而上，向江河发源处走，比喻探索事物的由来。
14、5 潮汐:本义是由于月亮和太阳的引力而产生的水位定时涨落的自然现象，这里指海潮。 天衣无缝:比喻事物没有一点破绽。 遗骸(hi):遗骨(遗留的残骨)。 19、生物入侵者 失衡:失去平衡。 藩(fn)篱:篱笆。比喻门户或屏障。 监控 监测的控制。 归咎(ji):归罪。 啸(xio)聚山林:旧指盗贼盘踞山林。 在劫难逃:命中注定要遭受，逃也逃不脱。现指坏事情一定要发生，要避免也避免不了。 五彩斑斓(bn ln):五彩:指青、黄、白、赤、黑五种颜色。泛指各种颜色灿烂而多彩。 束手无策:比喻无能为力或没有办法。束手，捆住了手。 物竞天择: 自然界中万物都在为生存而竞争。优秀者生存，劣者淘汰，这是英国生
15、物学家达尔文进化论中的观点。 无动于衷:指对应该关心、注意的事情毫不关心，置之不理。 栖(q)息:停留，休息。(多指鸟类) 始料不及:当初没有估计到这种结局。料，预料，估计。及，到。 厄()运:困苦的遭遇。 为所欲为:原意是做自己要做的事。现指想干什么就干什么，多指干坏事。为，做。欲，想。 酝酿(yn nin):本指造酒时的发酵过程，用来比喻事前考虑或磋商，使认识统一。 20、落日的幻觉 幻觉:视觉、听觉等方面出现的虚假感觉。 吟咏:有节奏有韵调地诵读(诗文) 绮(q)丽:颜色美丽，多用来形容风景。 殷红:带黑的红色。 日薄(b)西山:太阳快落山了。比喻人已经衰老或事物衰败腐朽，临近死亡。 气
16、息奄奄:比喻衰老的人即将死亡或腐朽的事物即将没落。 夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏:虽然夕阳无限美好，可惜的是已接近黄昏时刻。 衰减:减弱，减退。 6 (英文版 ) Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the ru
17、les and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party di
18、scipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulation
19、s the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part o
20、n how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen 7 party laws
21、 and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, gras
22、p the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implem
23、enting the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the con
24、tingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into pract
25、ice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations 8 repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth
26、 is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along wit
27、h the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline
28、regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above
29、 situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousnes
30、s. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth 9 Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on
31、 the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrad
32、e Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspectio
33、n Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2
34、015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3
35、people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political 10 Bureau Standing Committee and
36、the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Se
37、cond, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting
38、 the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-d
39、iscipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules.
40、 In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision 11 of the and is Method
41、in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline a
42、nd self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline,
43、 insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing th
44、e heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benc
45、hmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political disci
46、pline and political rules, organization and discipline and 12 to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the