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1、人教版高中生物必修1-3册课后习题汇总必修一 一、选择题: 1、下列关于高倍镜使用的描述，错误的是( ) A、先在低倍镜下看清楚，再转至高倍镜 B、先用粗准焦螺旋调节，再用细准焦螺旋调节 C、把视野调亮，图像才清晰 D、高倍镜缩小了观察的视野，放大了倍数 2、原核细胞和真核细胞最明显的区别在于( ) A、有无核物质 B、有无细胞质 C、有无核膜 D、有无细胞膜 3、病毒、蓝藻和酵母菌都具有的物质或结构是( ) A、细胞壁 B、细胞质 C、细胞膜 D、遗传物质 4、细胞学说揭示了( ) A、植物细胞与动物细胞的区别 B、生物体结构的统一性 C、细胞为什么要产生新细胞 D、人们对细胞的认识是一个艰
2、难曲折的过程 5、科学家在研究生物体的化学成分时，发现组成生物体的元素在非生物界中也都存在，这一事实主要说明( ) A、生物与非生物没有区别 B、生物界与非生物界具有统一性 C、生物来源于非生物 D、生物界与非生物界具有差异性 6.下列物质中，属于氨基酸的是( ) CHOH A.NHCHCOOH B.NHCH222227、胰岛素分子有A、B两条肽链，A链有21个氨基酸，B链有30个氨基酸，胰岛素分子中肽键的数目是( ) A、48 B、49 C、50 D、51 8、细胞内组成DNA的五碳糖是( ) A、核糖 B、葡萄糖 C、脱氧核糖 D、麦芽糖 9、豌豆叶肉细胞中的核酸，含有的碱基种类是( )
3、A、1种 B、4种 C、5种 D、8种 10、细胞通过呼吸作用分解糖类并释放能量，直接利用的糖类是( ) A、麦芽糖 B、核糖 C、葡萄糖 D、蔗糖 11、谷物中含量丰富的多糖是( ) A、糖原和纤维素 B、淀粉和糖原 C、淀粉和纤维素 D、蔗糖和麦芽糖 12、组成糖原、淀粉、纤维素的单体都是( ) A、核糖 B、半乳糖 C、葡萄糖 D、脱氧核糖 13、在人和动物皮下含量丰富的储能物质是( ) A、糖原 B、淀粉 C、脂肪 D、蛋白质 14、细胞中含量最多的化合物是( ) A、蛋白质 B、淀粉 C、水 D、糖原 while the lawn is still in a great stage
4、of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you m
5、ustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time
6、 in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facil
7、itated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn
8、 around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe dr
9、ought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for le
10、af growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 15、水在生物体的许多化学反应中充当( ) A、溶剂 B、催化剂 C、载体 D、还原剂 16、下列离子中哪种不是细胞需要的,( ) -2+2+2-A、Cl B、Fe C、SO D、Pb 417、在植物和动物细胞内都具有的糖类是( ) A、葡萄糖 B、蔗糖 C、麦芽糖 D、乳糖 18、下列能够聚
11、合形成DNA分子的物质是( ) A、脱氧核糖 B、脱氧核苷酸 C、氨基酸 D、含氮碱基 19、下列哪种物质的合成过程需要供给氮源( ) A、糖原 B、淀粉 C、脂肪 D、胰岛素 20、夏季酷暑时分，在室外作业的人们应多引用( ) A、盐汽水 B、牛奶 C、纯净水 D、果汁 21、科学家常用哺乳动物红细胞作材料来研究细胞膜的组成，是因为( ) A、哺乳动物红细胞容易得到 B、哺乳动物红细胞在水中容易涨破 C、哺乳动物成熟的红细胞内没有核膜、线粒体膜等膜结构 D、哺乳动物红细胞的细胞膜在光学显微镜下容易观察到 22、组成细胞膜的主要成分是( ) A、磷脂、蛋白质 B、糖脂、糖蛋白 C、脂质、蛋白质
12、、无机盐 D、磷脂、蛋白质、核酸 23、下列哪一项不属于细胞膜的功能,( ) A、控制物质进出细胞 B、将胰岛细胞形成的胰岛素，分泌到胰岛细胞外 C、提高细胞内化学反应的速率 D、作为系统的边界，维持细胞内环境的稳定 24、在唾液细胞中，参与合成并分泌唾液淀粉酶的细胞器有( ) A、线粒体、中心体、高尔基体、内质网 B、内质网、核糖体、叶绿体、高尔基体 C、内质网、核糖体、高尔基体、线粒体 D、内质网、核糖体、高尔基体、中心体 25、在成人心肌细胞中的数量显著多余腹肌细胞中数量的细胞器是( ) A、核糖体 B、线粒体 C、内质网 D、高尔基体 26、下列有关生物膜的叙述，不正确的是( ) A、
13、膜的组成成分可以从内质网膜转移到高尔基体膜，再转移到细胞膜 B、各种生物膜的化学组成和结构相似 C、生物膜是对生物体内所有膜结构的统称 D、生物膜既各司其职，又相互协作，共同完成细胞的生理功能 27、细胞核内行驶遗传功能的结构是( ) A、核膜 B、核孔 C、染色质 D、核仁 28、下列关于细胞核的说法，不正确的是( ) A、细胞核是遗传物质贮存和复制的场所 B、细胞核控制细胞的代谢和遗传 C、细胞核位于细胞的正中央，所以它是细胞的控制中心 D、DNA主要存在于细胞核内 29、活细胞中，与酶的合成和分泌直接有关的细胞器是( ) A、叶绿体和高尔基体 B、中心体和高尔基体 C、核糖体、内质网和高
14、尔基体 D、高尔基体和溶酶体 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In sho
15、rt, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the in
16、filtration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and
17、photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so
18、on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20
19、-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves
20、, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 30、下列有关生物膜的结构特点的叙述，最恰当的一项是( ) A、构成生物膜的磷脂分子可以运动 B、构成生物膜的蛋白质分子可以运动 C、构成生物膜的磷脂分子和蛋白质分子是静止的 D、构
21、成生物膜的磷脂分子和大多数蛋白质分子可以运动 31、下列关于物质跨膜运输的叙述，正确的是( ) A、相对分子质量小的物质或离子都可以通过自由扩散进入细胞内 B、大分子有机物要通过载体蛋白的转运才能进入细胞内，并且要消耗能量 C、协助扩散和自由扩散都是顺浓度梯度进行，既然消耗细胞的能量，也需要依靠膜上的载体蛋白 D、主动运输发生在细胞逆浓度梯度吸收物质时，既消耗细胞的能量，也需要依靠膜上的载体蛋白 32、下列说法中错误的是( ) A、果脯在腌制中慢慢变甜，是细胞主动吸收糖分的结果 B、水分子进出细胞是通过自由扩散 C、葡萄糖进入红细胞需要载体蛋白的帮助，但不消耗能量，属于协助扩散 D、大肠杆菌吸
22、收K+属于主动运输，既消耗能量，又需要膜上的载体蛋白 33、将刚萎蔫的菜叶放入清水中，菜叶细胞中的水分能够得到恢复的原因属于( ) A、主动吸水 B、主动运输 C、自由扩散和主动运输 D、自由扩散 34、下列物质通过细胞膜时需要载体的是( ) A、水分子进入根毛细胞 B、氧进入肺泡细胞 +C、K被吸收进入小肠绒毛上皮细胞 D、二氧化碳进入毛细血管 35、下列关于酶的表述，全面而准确的是( ) A、酶不能脱离生物体器作用 B、酶是蛋白质 C、酶与无机催化剂没有本质区别 D、酶是活细胞产生的有催化作用的有机物 36、能够促使唾液淀粉酶水解的酶是( ) A、淀粉酶 B、蛋白酶 C、脂肪酶 D、麦芽糖
23、酶 37、在植物细胞工程中常常需要去掉细胞壁。在不损伤植物细胞内部结构的情况下，下列哪种物质可用于去除细胞壁,( ) A、蛋白酶 B、纤维素酶 C、盐酸 D、淀粉酶 38、ATP的结构式可以简写成( ) A、A-P-PP B、A-PPP C、APP-P D、APPP 39、关于有氧呼吸的特点(与无氧呼吸相比)，下列表述中不正确的是( ) A、需要多种酶参与 B、释放二氧化碳 C、分解有机物不彻底 D、生成大量的ATP 40、将酵母菌培养液进行离心处理。把沉淀的酵母菌破碎后，再次离心处理为只含酵母菌细胞质基质的上清液和只含有酵母菌细胞器的沉淀物两部分，与未离心处理过的酵母菌培养液分别放入甲、乙、
24、丙3个试管中，并向这3个试管内同时滴入等量、等浓度的葡萄糖溶液。在有氧的条件下，最终能通过细胞呼吸产生CO和HO的试管是( ) 22A、甲 B、丙 C、甲和乙 D、丙和乙 41、吸收光能的色素分布在( ) A、叶绿体的外膜上 B、类囊体的薄膜上 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, no
25、t only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better dep
26、ends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irri
27、gation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the
28、entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, gr
29、ass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each t
30、ime less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be b
31、asic application C、叶绿体的内膜上 D、叶绿体的基质中 42、光合作用发生的部位是( ) A、叶绿素 B、叶绿体 C、类囊体的薄膜 D、叶绿体的基质 43、光合作用中形成ATP的部位是( ) A、叶绿体外膜 B、叶绿体内膜 C、叶绿体基质 D、类囊体 44、下列物质中，暗反应阶段所必需的是( ) A、叶绿素 B、ADP C、ATP D、O 21445、科学家用含有C的二氧化碳来追踪光合作用中的碳原子，这种碳原子的转移途径是( ) A、二氧化碳?叶绿素?ADP B、二氧化碳?叶绿体?ATP C、二氧化碳?乙醇?糖类 D、二氧化碳?三碳化合物?糖类 46、下图是利用小球藻进行光合
32、作用实验的示意图。图中A物质和B物质的相对分子质量的比是( ) 47、下列试管中加入碘液后变成蓝色的是( ) 试管号 试管中的内容物 条件 1 2ml淀粉溶液+2ml唾液 37?，5min 2 2ml淀粉溶液+2ml清水 37?，5min 3 2ml淀粉溶液+2ml稀释的唾液 37?，5min 4 2ml淀粉溶液+2ml唾液 95?，5min 5 2ml淀粉溶液+2ml唾液+3滴盐酸 37?，5min A、1、2、3 B、2、3、4 C、3、4、5 D、2、4、5 48、叶绿体与线粒体在结构和功能上的相同点是( ) ?具有双层膜 ?分解有机物，释放能量 ?产生氧气 ?水作为生理功能的一种原料
33、?含有DNA ?内部含有酶 A、? B、? C、? D、? 49、比较3个正方体模型，哪一个模型更能表示生物体细胞大小和数量的状况,( ) while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow
34、. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as lon
35、g as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moistur
36、e, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathi
37、ng, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn grow
38、ing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occu
39、rred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 50、DNA复制发生在( ) A、间期 B、前期 C、中期 D、后期 5
40、1、有丝分裂过程中，着丝点分裂发生在( ) A、间期 B、前期 C、中期 D、后期 52、动物细胞的有丝分裂过程与植物细胞明显不同的是( ) A、间期有染色体的复制 B、后期有着丝点的分裂 C、中心粒周围出现星射线，形成纺锤体 D、后期到末期染色体平均分配到两个子细胞中 E、末期在细胞的中央不形成细胞板 53、关于无丝分裂名称的由来，主要原因是( ) A、细胞分裂过程比较简单 B、分裂过程中无纺锤丝和染色体的出现 C、分裂时细胞核先延长缢裂 D、分裂时整个细胞缢裂为两部分 54、细胞全能性是指( ) A、细胞具有全面的生理功能 B、细胞既能分化，也能恢复到分化前的状态 C、已经分化的细胞仍然具
41、有发育成完整个体的潜能 D、已经分化的细胞全部能进一步分化 55、下列哪项不是细胞衰老的特征,( ) A、细胞内水分减少 B、细胞代谢缓慢 C、细胞不能继续分化 D、细胞内色素积累较多 56、下列关于有丝分裂的重要性的说法，不正确的是( ) A、产生新细胞，是生物体生长 B、产生新细胞，替换死亡的细胞 C、单细胞生物都是通过有丝分裂进行繁殖 D、对细胞的遗传有重要意义 57、下列各项中属于化学致癌因子的是( ) A、电离辐射 B、X射线 C、紫外线 D、苯 58、下列有关衰老细胞特征的叙述，不正确的是( ) A、衰老的细胞新陈代谢速率加快 B、在衰老的细胞内有些酶的活性降低 C、衰老的细胞呼吸
42、速率减慢 D、细胞膜通透性改变，使物质运输功能降低 59、在细胞有丝分裂过程中，DNA、染色体和染色单体三者数量比是2:1:2的时期是( ) A、前期和中期 B、中期和后期 C、后期和末期 D、间期和末期 60、下列哪种细胞的全能性容易表达出来,( ) A、蛙的口腔上皮细胞 B、蚕豆的叶肉细胞 C、蛔虫的受精卵细胞 D、人的神经细胞 61、下列有关细胞增殖的叙述，错误的是( ) A、细胞分裂可以无限进行下去 B、细胞都要经过发生、生长、成熟、衰老和凋亡的过程 C、高度分化的细胞有可能永远失去增殖的能力 D、癌细胞具有无限增殖的特点 二、判断题: 1、人的各种反射活动都需要多个细胞的参与，不可能
43、由一个细胞独立完成，因此，细胞不可能是生命活动的基本单位。( ) 2、生命系统的结构层次包括从原子、分子到生物圈的各个层次。( ) 3、原核生物中既有自养生物，又有异养生物。( ) 4、细胞中常见的元素有C、H、O、N等20多种，其中C是最基本的元素。( ) 5、构成细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核的主要化合物是有机物，水和无机盐在活细胞中并不重要。( ) while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements
44、increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of
45、the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or
46、 spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative or
47、gans of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigati
48、on quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of th
49、e method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the mos