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1、专题九年级英语新目标2010最新初中英语语法知识大全辅导九年级英语新目标2010最新初中英语语法知识大全辅导2010最新初中英语语法知识大全 原创 (一) 形容词和副词 I( 要点 (1) 形容词比较等级的用法 ?表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如:He is cleverer than the other boys. This one is more beautiful than that one. ?表示两者以上的比较，用the +形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in) 如: He is the cleverest boy in his class. ?表示两者是同等程度，用a
2、s +形容词原级+as. 如:He is as tall as I. I have as many books as you. ? 越 越 例如:The more I learn, the happier I am. ? You can never be too careful. 越小心越好又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly. 你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。 ? I have never spent a more worrying day.那一天是最令我担心的一天。 I have never had a better dinner. 这是
3、我吃过的最好的一顿饭。 ? My English is no better than yours. 我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。 例2 _ the worse I seem to be. A When I take more medicine B The more medicine I take C Taking more of the medicine D More medicine taken 解析:该题正确答案为B。the+形容词比较级+ , the +形容词比较级+意为越，越。该句意为:吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。 例3I havent been to London yet. I h
4、avent been there _. A too B also C either D neither 解析:该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定两者都不，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为也。(二) 介词 I( 要点 (2) between, among(表位置) between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如 Im sitting between Tom and Alice. The village lies between three hills. among用于三者或三者以上之间。如: He i
5、s the best among the students. (3) beside, besides beside意为在旁边，而besides意为除之外。如:He sat beside me. What do you want besides this? (4)in the tree, on the tree in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上 (5)on the way, in the way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道 by the way 指顺便问一句
6、in this way 用这样的方法(7)in the morning, on the morning in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨 II( 例题 例1 Do you know any other foreign language_ English?A except B but C beside D besides 解析:A、B两项except等于but，意为除了，C-beside意为在旁边，不符合题意。而D-besides, 意为除了之外，还有。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为:除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗, 例2 He sudde
7、nly returned _ a rainy night.A on B at C in D during 解析:我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。例3 Im looking forward _your letter. A to B in C at D on 解析:该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为期望、盼望。 (三) 连词 I( 要点 1、 连词的种类 (1) 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如 bothand, eitheror, neithernor等。 (2)
8、 从属连词用来引导从句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。 除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。 2、 常用连词举例 (2) bothand 和， 既也 Both my parents and I went there. (4) eitheror 或或， 要么要么 Either youre wrong, or I am. (7) neithernor 既不也不 Neither my parents nor my aunt agree
9、s with you.(8) not onlybut(also) 不但而且 He not only sings well, but also dances well.(12) as soon as 一 就 Ill tell him as soon as I see him. (14)unless 除非，如果不 I wont go unless it is fine tomorrow. (15)until 直到 He didnt leave until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not until 结构) He stayed there until eleven. (16)while 当时候
10、，而 (表示对比) While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词) My pen is red while his is blue. (18)since自从 I have lived here since my uncle left. (19)hardly when 一 就 I had hardly got to the station when the train left.(20)as far as 就 来说 As far as I know, that country is very small.You may
11、walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)II( 例题 例1 John plays football _, if not better than, David.A as well B as well as C so well D so well as解析:该题意为:John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。 和一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B。 例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughte
12、r. A when B where C which D while 解析:该处意为然而，只有while有此意思，故选D。英语语法知识难点(二) (四)动词时态、语态 I( 要点 1、 一般现在时 (1) 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如: Sometimes, we go swimming after school. (2) 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如: The earth goes round the sun. 2、 现在进行时 (1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at pr
13、esent等时间状语连用。如: What are you doing now? (2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如: He is always doing good deeds. 3、 现在完成时 主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如: Have you ever been to Beijing? 6、过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如:What were you doing th
14、is time yesterday? 7、 过去完成时 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如:The train had already left before we arrived. ,、一般过去将来时 表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如:He said he would come, but he didnt. ,、被动语态 被动语态的时态，以give为例。 II(例题 例, I learned that her father _ in 1950.A had died B died C dead D is dead 解析:该题正确答案为,。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然
15、发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。 例, The five-year-old girl _ by her parents.A is looked B has looked for C is being looked for D has been looked 解析:该题正确答案为,。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。 (五)动词虚拟语气 I( 要点 表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用
16、于正式的书面语中。,、 虚拟语气的构成 注:如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如: Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party. ,、 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用 (,) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是should(可省) ，动词原形，常用于以下三种句型中。句型一:It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that 句型二:It is a pity (a s
17、hame, no wonder, etc) that句型三:It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that 如: It is strange that he (should) have done that.It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.It is requested that we (should) be so careless.(,) 在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, or
18、der, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是(should)+动词原形。如:I suggest that we (should) go swimming. (,) 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是(should)，动词原形。如:His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once. (,) 在同位语从句中，谓语形式是(should)，动词原形。如:We received o
19、rder that the work be done at once.(,) 在It is time that句型中，其谓语动词形式是动词的过去式或 should ，动词原形,should不可省。如: Its time (that) we went ( should go) to school.II( 例题 例, We had hoped that he _ longer. A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay 解析:该题正确答案为,。had hoped表示本希望，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气例, Ma
20、ry wants to see you today. I would rather she _ tomorrow than today.A comes B came C should come D will come 解析:该题正确答案为,。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。 例, Had she been older, she _ it better.A had done B might have done C might do D would do 解析:Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为,。
21、 (六)短语动词 (7)辨析 give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up(放弃，停止)put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (扑灭) turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打开) keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不让靠近) make up(编造，补上) 和 make out(辨认) take off(脱，起飞) 和 take out(拿出) II( 例题 例, It is wise to have some money _ for old age.A put away B kept up C given away D laid up 解析
22、:该题正确答案为,。意为存;keep up意为继续;give away意为分发;lay up贮藏。 例, Heres my card. Lets keep in _. A touch B relation C connection D friendship解析:该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为保持联系。 例, _! Theres a train coming. A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on解析:该题选A. look out 意为小心。 (七)动词不定式 I( 要点 ,、 不定式的形式。以动词wr
23、ite为例。 ,、 不定式的句法功能 (,) 作主语 To hear from you is nice. To be a good teacher is not easy. 不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如: Its nice to hear from you. Its not easy to be a good teacher. (,) 作宾语 通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, mana
24、ge, help等词后。如: I forgot to lock the door. Please remember to write to me. (,) 作表语 My job is to pick up letters. He seemed to have heard nothing. (,) 作定语 不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如:I have two letters to write. I have a lot of work to do. (,) 作宾补 通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, all
25、ow, cause, force等词后。如: He ordered her to leave at once. He was forced to obey his order. (,) 作状语He got up early to catch the first bus. He worked hard to catch up with the other students.(,) 作独立成分 To tell you the truth, I told a lie. (,) 疑问词，不定式结构。 如: I dont know how to choose them. I cannot decide
26、where to go. (9)不定式的否定式。如: I decided not to go. (10)不定式的完成式。如: He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.(11)tooto 结构。如: He was too excited to go to sleep. He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去)(12)主动表被动。如: The book is easy to re
27、ad. I have a book to read. II(例题 例, I havent got a chair _. A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting解析:该题选C。不定式to sit on在句中作定语，修饰名词chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是动宾关系，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处on不能省略。 例2 He was made _. A go B gone C going D to go 解析:该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。 例3 A new facto
28、ry is _ very soon. A to be built B built C to build D to building 解析:该题选A。is to be built意为将要被建。(八)动名词 I( 要点 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。,、 动名词的形式，以write为例。 否定式 not +动名词 ,、 动名词的用法 (,) 作主语 Playing football is my favorite sport. Travelling with friends at weekend is fun. 作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时，可用it作形式主语。如:It is f
29、un travelling with friends at weekend.(,) 作宾语 I enjoy playing PC game. He gave up writing five years ago. (,) 作表语 What he hated most was doing nothing. Seeing is believing. 动名词作表语时，句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。 (,) 作定语 Theres a dining room in my school. All the people watching laughed. (,) 动名词的复合结构物主代词
30、(或名词的所有格)+动名词。如: Toms going home late made her mother angry.Would you mind my opening the window? 不过，动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时，必须用名词的普通格(或人称代词的宾格)。 ?无生命名词 The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.Fire burns better by oxygen being at work. ?有生命名词，但表泛指。 Have you ever heard of girls smoking? ?两个以上的有生命
31、的名词并列。 Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that day? 3(后面常接动名词的动词和短语 mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine, keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit, be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,cant help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing,look forward to d
32、oing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing,devote to doing, lead to doing II(例题 例, She says she doesnt feel like _ out with you.A going B to go C for going D went 解析:该题正确答案为A。 feel like = want, 此处like 为介词，后面要接名词或动名词作宾语 例, The garden needs _. A water B watering C to water D watered 解析:该题正确答案为B。 nee
33、d = want = require. 如果物作主语，此三者后要接动名词或to be done这一结构作宾语。例, Excuse me _ you. A interrupting B to interrupt C interrupted D to have interrupted 解析:该题正确答案为A。excuse 后接动名词作宾语，此句中的me为动名词的逻辑主语(常用于口语中)。 (九)分词 I( 要点 分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行，
34、表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。 过去分词的句法功能: ,、 作定语 I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun. The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine. ,、 作表语 When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.Im interested in this book. ,、 作宾语补足语 Im going to have my bike
35、repaired. When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.4、作状语 Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.现在分词的句法功能。 1、作状语 Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful. Walking along the stree
36、t, they suddenly saw him.2、作宾语 I hate being spoken ill of. He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation.3、作表语 Seeing is believing. The book is interesting. 4、作宾语补足语 I noticed him crossing the street. Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen. 5、作定语 Do you know the man writing a letter? The
37、 worker running a machine is my brother. 分词使用中的几个问题 1、现在分词的完成式 Having cleaned the room, I went out. 2、现在分词的否定式 Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.3、现在分词与过去分词的不同 现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成I found the man killed there. I found the man standing there. 4、have结构 We have the car repaire
38、d. We have repaired the car. We have Tom repair the car. We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.5、分词作表语 We were excited at the news. The football game is exciting. 6、独立主格结构 It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.II( 例题 例1、Time_， Ill go on a picnic with you.A. permit B. to permit
39、 C. permitted D. permitting解析:该题答案为D。 Time permitting是独立主格结构，意为如果时间允许的话 例2、_ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker. A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking 解析:该题答案为C。主语she是被问。 英语语法知识难点(三) ? (十)情态动词与助动词 I( 要点 助动词本身无意义，在句中帮助主要动词构成一定的时态，语态、语气，或是帮助构成否定句和疑问句，常用的助动词有be, do, have, sha
40、ll(should), will(would). 情态动词表一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度，它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语，主要的情态动词有can(could), may (might), must, have to, need, shall, should, will, would. 1、can 能，可以，表说话人同意，许可还可表客观条件许可，如:You can go now. 提建议或请求时可用can I, can you表客气，如Can I buy you a drink? can和be able to表能力时的区别。 can表一般具有的能力，be able
41、 to表在特定条件下的能力，如:Although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened. 2、may (1)、可以，表说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。You may go.(2)、(现在和将来)可能，也许，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如He may not be right.3、must, have to must表主观上的必须，have to表客观上的必须，如:Its getting late. I have to go. -Must I go now. -Yes, you must.(No, yo
42、u neednt./ No, you dont have to.) 5、shall用于第一人称疑问句中表说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求，如，Shall we begin our lesson? 用于二、三人称陈述句，表说话人命令、警告、允诺、威胁等口吻，如: You shall fail if you dont work harder. 6、should表应该，意为有责任，有义务。如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful. 7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，如 Will you lend me you
43、r book? Yes, I will.， 8、should have done表应该做而未做 must have done表对过去事实的肯定推测 could have done表本可以做某事 9、判断句:肯定句用must, 否定句用cant, 不太肯定用may, might He must be in the office now. He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.He cant be in the office. He is at home. He couldnt have cleaned the classroom, beca
44、use he didnt come here today.He might be in the office, I am not sure. He might have cleaned the room, I suppose. II( 例题 例1，They _ to walk in the street at might.A. didnt dare B. not dared C. not dare D. dared not解析，该题答案为A， 此空需选一动词作谓语，因为后面是to walk, didnt dare是行为动词dare过去时态的否定形式。例2，When he was very ol
45、d, Mr. Smith _? sit for hours without saying a word. A. would B. should C. must D. used 解析，该题答案为A, would此处表过去的倾向性，习惯性动作，意为总是如: When we were children, we would go swimming every summer. (十一)句子种类 I( 要点 句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句;按结构又分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1、陈述句的否定 (1) 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词是think, expect, bel
46、ieve, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主语是第一人称时，宾语从句谓语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上，如: I dont think he is right. (2) 含有否定意义的副词never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子应视为否定句，如: I have never been there before. 2、反意疑问句 (1) need和dare 既可作情态动词，又可作实意动词，在反问部分须加以区别，如We neednt leave, need we? We dont need to leave, do we? (2) 陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如never,