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1、宾语从句宾语从句是 名词性从句 的一种。在主从复合句 中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合 谓语之后的从句称为 宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类： 动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和 形 容词的宾语从句。用法宾语从句结构：主语+谓语+由连词引导宾语从句陈述语序从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有 that,if,whether，和疑问词what, how , where , when .）。1that 无词义，不做成分；if,whether（表达是否的意思，但是不做句子的成分 ）that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，if和whether , whether.or not引导表示 是否”的一般疑问句 的宾语
2、从句。If和whether的区另1J ：if和whether在作是否“理解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介词后一般不用if。少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用 whether。whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以。在不定式前只能用 whether。一般no matter后表 示是否“用whether而不用if。2连接代词 主要有：who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。连接代词一般指疑问
3、，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。Tell him which class you are in .Do you know what he likes ?3连接副词 主要有 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等。He didn t tell me when we should meet again .他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。注：宾语从句通常跟在名词或代词后面。宾语从句-动宾从句大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句。部分 动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。动词短语也可以带宾语从句，常见的这些词有：make sur
4、e 确保、 make up one s mind下决心、 keep in mind牢记可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it双宾语这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see.to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell宾语从句-介宾从句用whether之类的介词宾语从句。用that,if引导的
5、介词宾语从句，有时候except,but,besides 三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句-形容词+宾从句有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句；例句:I am sorry I am late.I am glad that you can join us.Are you sure his answer is right?常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised宾语从句否认转移注：否认前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称主句的 谓语动词 是 think,be
6、lieve,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess 等，并且主 句的主语是第一人称 而且为一般现在时，从句的否认词一般要转移到主句上来.否认前移的反意问句完成反意问句时，应与从句主、谓保持一致。如果宾语从句中有某个含有否认意义的形容词 或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.我们通常称为否认前移。eg . I dont think you are right,are you ?I dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?宾语从句时态和语序当主句为现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态一
7、般不受主句的时态所影响.当主句为过去时从句用一般过去时 或过去进行时 表示与主句 谓语动词 动作同时发生从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后如果从句是一个客观真理，那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时，不能按正常语序安排，经常将这类引导词置于句首无论任何时候都为陈述语序.但也有部分口语提问例外E.G:Whats the matter?Whatswrong with you?宾语从句学习技巧学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：引导词、语序和时态。一、
8、引导词1 .从句为陈述句，常选择引导词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。2 .从句为一般疑问句，常选择引导词if或whether o在whetheror not结构中不能 用if替换。3 .从句为特殊疑问句， 常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等疑问代词、疑问副词作引导词。 注意：当who为主语时，句式为： who+谓语+其他。从句的弓I导词有很多，如：say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。二、判断时态情况1 .主句是一般现在时，从句为各种时态。2 .主句是一般
9、过去时，从句为各种相应过去 时态。注意：从句描绘客观事实，用一 般现在时。He answered that he was listening to me.3 .关系代词:that, who , whom,whose,which1. The teacher told the children that the sunround.A.was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team the basketball match.A.win B. won C. will win D. wins三、宾语从句的用法1 .that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当句
10、子成分常省略。但是在书面上最好不要省略。以 下情况除外： .介词宾语从句的that不能省略。 .and连接的两个从句，两个从句的that不能省略。He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. .在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句结构中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time2 .许多带复合宾语 的句子，宾语从句
11、经常移到句子后部，而用 it做形式宾语。结构是:主语+动词+ it +形容词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. .宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. .有时候可以用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could f
12、inish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. .带有宾语从句的 复合句的否认形式一般是否认主句。Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.Good: I don t think he likes the English teacher. .主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。False: He wanted to kno
13、w why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.4宾语从句后置如果宾语从句后有宾语 补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置eg . You may think it strange that he would live there .5that不可省略宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略A.当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个 that,其他不能 省略。eg . I believe that you have done your
14、best and that things will get better .B.当it作形式宾语时eg . She made it clear that she had nothing to do with himC.当宾语从句前置时eg . That our team will win , I believe .(6)由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要注意人称的变化。例： She said: I have been to England before. ”She said that she had been to England before.(7)宾语从句与简单句的交换。由连接代词和连接副词引导的
15、宾语从句，如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人 时，可以用疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。例：I don t know what I should do next.-1. Can you seeA. what he s reading B. what is he reading2. Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(-Do you know Jack from Japan扩充：运用虚拟语气在表示：建议 suggest 、advise、propose; I don t know what to do next.C.what does he read D. he reads what合并成一个句子)要求 demand 、desire、request ;决定 decide;命令 order、command、require;坚决主张 insist;等动词后接宾语从句，用should+v.虚拟语气eg . I suggested that you shouldstudy hard .He ordered that we should go out at once