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1、A Brief Introduction About 5G NetworkJiaAbstractWith the rapid development of wireless technologies, theconcept of the Fifth Generation (5G) wireless communication system started to emerge. But most people know little about 5G， including some aspects of 5G wireless communication networks ,just like
2、what 5G is about: what are the building blocks of core 5G system concept, what are the main challenges and how to tackle them. Besides,A number of countries and organizations working on 5G, 5G development situation in China is of concern to everyone, China also needs to have its own place in such a
3、competitive environment.Keywords:5G Network, history, Core concept, Challenges, Solutions, In china Table of Content1. Introduction5G (Fifth-generation mobile communications) is a new generation of mobile communication mobile communication systems for 2020, with high spectral efficiency and low powe
4、r consumption, in terms of transfer rate and resource utilization improvement over 4G system 10 times, its wireless coverage performance and user experience will be significantly improved. 5G will be closely integrated with other wireless mobile communication technology, constitute a new generation
5、of ubiquitous mobile information network, to meet future mobile Internet traffic 1000x development needs in 10 years.1In this paper I will show you some latest research and development history,what are the building blocks of core 5G system concept, what are the main challenges and how to tackle them
6、 firstly.In the rest of paper I will show how 5G development in China in recent years and my conclusion after research literature.2. Research and development historyFebruary 2013, the EU announced that it would grant 50 million euros to accelerate the development of 5G mobile technology, plans to la
7、unch a mature standard in 2020. 23 May 13,2013,South Koreas Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. announced that it has successfully developed the 5th generation mobile communication (5G) core technology, which is expected to begin in 2020 to commercialization. The technology can transmit data at ultra-high
8、 frequency 28GHz to 1Gbps per second speed, and the maximum transmission distance of up to 2 km. In contrast, the current fourth generation Long Term Evolution (4GLTE) and services of only the transmission rate 75Mbps. Prior to the transmission bottleneck is widely believed that a technical problem,
9、 while Samsung Electronics is the use of 64 adaptive array antenna elements transmission technology to crack this problem. Compared with the transmission speed of 4G technology in South Korea, 5G technology is hundreds of times faster. Using this technique, download a high-definition (HD) movie just
10、 need 10 seconds.Back in 2009, Huawei has launched the early research related technologies, and to show the prototype of the 5G base in later November 6, 2013,Huawei announced that it would invest $600 million in 2018 for the 5G technology development and innovation, and predicted that users will en
11、joy 20Gbps commercial 5G mobile networks in 2020.May 8, 2014, the Japanese telecom operator NTT DoCoMo announced officially, Ericsson ,Nokia, Samsung and other six manufacturers to work together, began testing override 1000 times than existing 4G networks the carrying capacity of the high-speed netw
12、ork 5G network, the transmission speed is expected to 10Gbps. Outdoor testing scheduled to commence in 2015, and expects to begin operations in 2020.3March 1, 2015, the British Daily Mail reported that the British 5G network has successfully developed and tested for data transmission within 100 mete
13、rs per second data transfer of up to 125GB, is times the 4G network, in theory, a 30 seconds to download movies, adding that investment in public test in 2018, 2020 officially put into commercial use.4February 11, 2015 in the afternoon news, IMT-2020 (5G) to promote the group (hereinafter referred t
14、o as advance group) held a conference in Beijing 5G concept of white paper. White Paper from the mobile Internet and networking composed mainly of application scenarios, business needs and challenges of starting summed continuous wide area coverage, high reliability of the four major technology 5G s
15、cene of high capacity, low power consumption and low latency connection. Meanwhile, the combination of core technologies and key capabilities 5G and 5G concept proposed by the flag sexuality index + a set of key technologies common definition.March 3,2015,the European Economic and Social Commission
16、for Digital Furusawa Ottinge officially announced the EUs vision of public-private partnerships 5G, and strive to ensure that the right to speak in the next generation of mobile technology in Europe in the global said that, 5G vision of public-private partnership involves not only fiber, wireless or
17、 satellite communications network integrated with each other, will also use the software-defined networking (SDN), network functions virtualization (NFV), Mobile Edge computing (MEC) and Fog Computing technology. In the spectrum, the EUs vision of public-private partnership will bedesignated 5G hund
18、reds of megahertz to improve network performance, 60 GHz and higher frequency bands will also be taken into account.A number of countries and organizations announced, 5G network will be operational between 2020 2025.3. Core ConceptWhat is 5G? I believe many people will be so questionable when see 5G
19、. Judging from the word meaning, 5G refers to the fifth generation of mobile communications. However, how should it define? Currently, the global industry for 5G concept not yet agreed. China IMT-2020 (5G) group released the White Paper considers the concept 5G, 5G integrated key capabilities and co
20、re technology, 5G concept by important targets and a group of key technologies to a common definition. Among them, the flag indicators Gbps rate user experience is a set of key technologies, including large-scale antenna array, ultra-dense networking, new multi-site, full-spectrum access and new net
21、work architectures.Recalling the course of development of mobile communications, each generation of mobile communication systems can be defined by sexual performance indicators and signs of key technologies. Wherein, 1G using FDMA, only analog voice services; 2G mainly using TDMA, can provide voice
22、and low-speed digital data services; 3G to CDMA technology is characterized by user peak rate of 2Mbps to reach tens of Mbps, support multimedia data services; 4G OFDMA technology as the core, the user peak rate of up to 100Mbps 1Gbps, can support a variety of mobile broadband data services.5G key c
23、ompetencies richer than previous generations of mobile communications, user experience, speed, density of connections, end to end delay, the peak rate and mobility and so will be the 5G key performance indicators. However, unlike the case in the past only to emphasize different peak rate, the indust
24、ry generally believe that the rate of the user experience is the most important performance indicators, it truly reflects the real data rate available to the user, and the user experience is the closest performance. Based on the technology needs of the main scene 5G, 5G user experience rate should r
25、each Gbps magnitude.Faced with diverse scenes of extreme performance demands differentiation, 5G cannot have solutions for all scenarios. In addition, the current wireless technology innovation has diversified development trend, in addition to the new multi-access technology, large-scale antenna arr
26、ay, ultra-dense network, the whole spectrum access, the new network architecture, also is consideredto be the main technical can play a key role in the major technology scene. 5 effective support to Internet of Things), super real time and reliable connections, and best experience follows you. Each
27、of these scenarios introduces a challenge .4. ChallengnsIn this part I ouTthlinee n seowm ne eotbwsoerrkv ed research chcome the future trendevelopment and show some ma improved network performanc 5G TraIn orderradio access thLea rvgaer-iosucsa lien iatiantievnens scenarionsport Challenge to underst
28、and the 5GaNllenwg emsualntid-a dcirceecstsio ns in the mobile network ds and solutions that may lead toiblep sm ueseetinr ge xtheerp ceorniesntacnet ly increasing user demandst understand how 5G maylelookUinlgtr ian-tdoe 5nGs,e w nee tcwaon rdke fines 5G in terms ofs which the next generation wirel
29、ess access networks will have to support. 6five future scenarios have betehne d nefeinwe dn,neatmweolyrk a maraczhinigtelyc ftausrt e(u sers want to enjoyevolve theA total ofinstantaneous network connectivity), great service in a crowd, ubiquitous things communicating ., Figure 1 - 5G ConceptThree o
30、f these challenges ., very high data rate, very dense crowds of users and mobility) are more traditional in the sense that they are related to continued enhancement of user experience and supporting increasing traffic volumes and mobility. Two emerging challenges, very low latency and very low energ
31、y, cost and massive number of devices, are associated with the application of wireless communications to new areas. Future applications may be associated with one or several of these scenarios imposing different challenges to the network. In METIS twelve specific test cases were defined and mapped o
32、nto the five scenarios. The selected test cases essentially sample the space of future applications. Once technical enablers that fulfill there quirements for these test cases are defined, it is expected that other applications subject to the same fundamental challenges, will successfully be support
33、ed. As a consequence, defining technical enablers for the 5G test cases means also defining technical solutions to the 5G challenges.While METIS7 is focused on wireless access, the challenges defined for 5G are expected to impact also the transport. Support for very high data rates will require both
34、 higher capacity radio access nodes as well as a densification of radio access sites. This, in turn, translates into a transport network that needs to support more sites and higher capacity per site, . huge traffic volumes. The great service in a crowd scenario will put requirements on the transport
35、 network to provide very high capacity on-demand to specific geographical locations. In addition, the best experience follows you scenario, suggests a challenge in terms of fast reconfigurability of the transport resources. On the contrary, the other 5G challenges are not expected to play as importa
36、nt role for shaping the transport, as for example the case of very low latency and very low energy, cost and massive number of devices. A properly dimensioned transport network based on modern wireless and/or optical technologies is already today able to provide extremely low latency, ., the end-to-
37、end delay contribution of the transport network is usually almost negligible. In addition, while a huge number of connected machines and devices will create a challenge for the wireless network, it will most probably not significantly impact the transport. This is due to the fact that the traffic ge
38、nerated by a large number of devices over a geographical area will already be aggregated in the transport. The three scenarios for the transport network described above are summarized along with their corresponding challenges and test cases. Note that does not report all the original test cases but
39、only those that pose challenges to the transport network. This information will be used later in the paper to identify the appropriate transport technologies.5G Transport Challenge and some SolutionsThis section provides an overview of a number of transportoptions for 5G wireless networks. A 5G tran
40、sport network can be divided in two different segments, ., small cell transportand metro/aggregation (Fig. 2). The small cell transport segment aggregates the traffic to/from the wireless small cells towards the metro/aggregation segment. Different solutions in terms of technology ., optics, wireles
41、s) and topology ., tree, ring, mesh) are possible depending on the specific wireless access scenario. The metro/aggregation segment, on the other hand, connects different site types ., macro and/or small cells) among themselves and to the core network, thelatter via the service edge (service node fo
42、r the interconnection among different network domains).For the metro/aggregation segment one promising solution is represented by a dense-wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM)8 - centric network. In such a network, packet aggregation takes place at the edges of the network ., at small/macro cells
43、sites and at the service edge), while at center ., between access and metro rings) switching is done completely in the optical domain thanks to active optical elements such as wavelength selective switches (WSSs) and reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs). It has already been demonstr
44、ated that DWDM-centric solutions have the potential to offer high capacity (in the order of tens to hundreds of Gbps) and lower energy consumption than their packet-centric counterparts ., with packet aggregation at the center of the network). 9 For this reason the DWDM-centric metro/aggregation con
45、cept may represent a good candidate for future 5G transport networks.10Machine to Machine CommunicationMachine to Machine Communication Besides network evolution, we observe also device evolution that become more and more powerful. The future wireless landscape will serve not only mobile users throu
46、gh such devices as smartphones, tablets or game consoles but also a tremendous number of any other devices, such as cars, smart grid terminals, health monitoring devices and household appliances that would soon require a connection to the Internet. The number of connected devices will proliferate at
47、 a very high speed. It is estimated that the M2M traffic will increase 24-fold between 2012 and 2017 .11M2M communication is already today often used in fleet monitoring or vehicle tracking. Possible future usage scenarios include a wide variety of e-health applications and devices, for instance new
48、 electronic and wireless apparatus used to address the needs of elderly people suffering from diseases like Alzheimerr wse,a orable heart monitors. Such sensors would enablepatient monitoring and aid doctors to observe patients constantly and treat them in a better way. It will also reduce the costs
49、 of treatment, as it can be done remotely, without the need of going to a hospital.Remote patient monitoring using a Body Area Network (BAN), where a number of wireless sensors, both on-skin and implanted, record the patients healtsh apnadra smenedtesr reports to adoctor, will soon become a reality and an important part of 5G paradigm. Therefore, in order to offer e-health services, 5G will need to provide high bandwidth, meet extremely hi