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1、第6页共6页状语从句状语从句是副词性从句， 在在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词或句子。 根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种。1、时间状语从句2、地点状语从句3、原因状语从句4、目的状语从句5、结果状语从句6、条件状语从句7、方式状语从句8、让步状语从句9、比较状语从种类从属连词例句说 明时 间状语 从 句whenwheneverWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间内空，我们就去那里。when指的是
2、“某一具体的时 间”。whenever指的是“在任何 个不具体的时间”。比较并列连词whenI was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后 面拍我的肩膀。when意为“这时”或“在那 个时候”，可以看作是并列句， 这种用法的when分句一般位 于句末。whileWhile it was raining, they went out.大卜雨的时候，他们出去了。I stayed while he was away.他小在的时候我在。
3、All of us are working hard while he is sleeping1然而：并列连词）while指“在某一段时间里”， “在期间，while引导的动 作必须是持续性的。asHe hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回豕，一边走边向后看。As time goes by, I like China better. 随着时间的流逝，我越来越喜欢中国。as （一边.一边）引导持续性 动作，强调主句和从句的动作 同时发生；随着。beforeBe a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再
4、做先生。I finished my task before I went home. 我做完作业才回家。before译为在之前，才， 就”afterHe arrived after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。till untilWe waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。She didn stop working until eleven o clock .她到11点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身 影。如
5、主句动词是持续性动作，常 册裁拭，“直到为止”；如主句动词是瞬间动词， 要叱，“直才”“在以前/、，从句放在句首表不强调，一M用 untilsinceGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的 变化。主句动词应为 持续性的，从句 动词为瞬间的。状语从句在上句之前时一般 用逗号与主句分开，如从句在 主句之后则不必用标点符号。as soon as hardly whenno sooner thanthe moment, the instant, the second, immediately, direc
6、tly, instantlyAs soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ito you.我L到上海就给你与信。I hadhardly got home when it began to rain. 我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。The momen
7、t I heard the song, I felt cheerful.我L听到这首歌，就感到很愉快ll writehardly - when 和 no sooner than 的忌义相当于 as soon as 但只表示过去发生的事情， 主 句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如 hardly 或 no sooner 位 于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。every time, each time last time next time by the time,Every time I traveled by boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。oNext time
8、 you come ,you ll see h下次你来的时候，就会见到他。在时间状语从句中，不能用将 来时或过去将来时，们要用一 般现在时或一般过去时代替im. 将来时。地 占 八、状 语 从 句wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.后志若，事兑成。Where there is water there is life.哪里后水，哪里就有生命。You are free to go wherever you want to.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方人。Wherever you go, you must obey the law.w
9、here 与 wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用 于书面语。无论你去哪都要遵守法律。原 因 状 语 从 句becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。because用来回答 why的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之 后sinceSince everyone is here, let smeeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。since ou小既然或全已知的理 由稍加分析即可表明的原因， 多放句首as比较： 并列连词forAs he didn ktnow much English,
10、he looked up the word in the dictionary . 由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查 阅这个单词。It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet.昨天 -定 卜过雨, 地 还湿呢。从句常放在句首，说明次要的 原因，主句说明结果，常用于 口语中。for连接的是并列句。now that, seeing that, considering that,Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们
11、可以启程了。 Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生 去了。considering that, seeing (that), now that和since意义相似， 都有“鉴于杲个事实”的意思， that可以省去。目 的 状 语 从 句so thatin order thatlest = for fearthatI shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget.我要把你的电话号他记卜来，以免忘 记。Wd ll
12、tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我把真实情况告诉你，以便你能自己 做出判断。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提 前完成工作。Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。目的状语从句中常用情态动词 may (might) can (could)
13、,should等放在动词之 前，从句往往放在主句之后， 主从句之间不用任何标点符 号。注忌 so that 和 in order that 与 so as to 和 in order to 的转换。结果状,so thatso thatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news. 我们把收音机的音量放大，结果大家 都听到了新闻。He was so excited that he couldna word.他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。so that前有逗号为结果状语 从句。so； that的so后面跟形容词 或副)用丫但是何
14、时接名词？语从句such thatHe gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的 理由，得到大家的谅解。It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想 看。suchthat的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /an - that还可 以转换 用sothat,语气较强Diff
15、iculties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.条if如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什 么了。件We shall go there tomorrow unless it状语从unlessrains.除非卜雨，否则我们明天就去那里。=We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn t rain.So long as you work hard, you will succeed.只要努力，你就会成功。unless从句的谓语只能用肯 定式。unless和if not同义， unless 是书面语,if not 是口语
16、，通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓语动词 的时态一般要用现在时或过句as/so long asin case so/as far as只要你努力工作，你就E能成叨。In case I forget, please remind me about it .万一我忘了，请提醒我L下。So far as I know, the book will be published next month.据我所知，那本书下月出版。去时代替一般将来时或过去 将来时。Draw a cat as I taught you yesterday.方按照我昨天教你的画只猫。Do as you are told to.
17、式as按照人家告诉你做的去做。She looks as if she is ill.此处as译为，按照或正如状看上去她好像是生病了。as if或as though的意义和用He acted as if (though) nothing had法基本一样。从句中可以用现语as ifas thoughhappened.在时表示可能符合事实， 也可从他的行动就好像什么也没有发生。They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.以用虚拟语气。句他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。thoughAlthough (Though) he wa
18、s over sixty,仕口J J中月乂川J生疝 现(yet)he began to learn French./、能再用“但是（but）但可虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法以与yet或still连用。thoughalthough语。We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。/ although思义相同，用法基 本一样，前者通俗，口语化， 后者正式多放上句的前面。even ifI lgo even if (though) it rains tomorrow.even if 和 even t
19、hough 的意思 为“即使” “纵使”有退一步even though即使明天卜雨，我也要去。设想的意味，多用于书面语中。让步状asChild as he is , he knows a lot . 虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)thechildren play outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。Try as you might, you can t ca1管努力，你也抓/、到我。as引出的状语从句多用于书 面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从 句常放在句首，语序
20、部分倒ch me.什装。语从句no matter (who, what when,Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说，尽管干。No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。no matter与 who-ever 弓 I导的让步状语从句意义基本 一样，no matter 引导的where which, how )No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.不管谁为我
21、处理这件事，我都将非常从句口是以位于主句前或主 句后。感激。Whatever happens / may happen , wewh ever从句中的动词有时wh evershall not lose heart.无论发生什么，我们都/、要失去信心。可以和may连用。判断wh ever引导的是状语从句还是(whatever whoeverwhenever whichever however)Whoever comes, he will be welcome. 无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。名词性从句的一点是，名词性 从句，主句中一个成分 要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。不可?各 no ma
22、tter 与 wh ever连用as-asMary is as old as my sister.玛利和我姐姐一样人。He doesn run so (as) fast as Jacknot so/as(does).他不如杰克跑得那样快。连词表示向程度级的比较， 肯比asthe sameassuchasHis book is the same as mine.他的书和我的一样。定句用 asas否定句引用 notasas 或 not so as较Henry is not such a good worker as Peter.状享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。thanShe has made gre
23、ater progress this表示不同程度之比较， 主句中语从句year than she did last year.她今年比去年进步更大。He bought fewer books than I (did).他买的书比我买的少。He runs less fast than me. 他没有我跑 得快。用比较级的形容词或副词。the morethe moreThe more you read, the better you understand.你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.你卖
24、的票越多，你的收入也越多。The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。The sooner, the better.越快越好。The warmer, the better.越暖和越好。the more - the more 意思为 越越，通常的语序为从句 在前主句在后，这两个the都 是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。句子意思明显，句子的主语和 动词都可省略。特 殊 形 式 的 状 语 从 句thatWe are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China .我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。I morry (that) I didn htave time to write you sooner.很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写 信。I am afraid that I can t go with恐怕我不能同你一起去了。that引导的从句，往往跟在 一个做表语的形容词后面，从 句概念上看是宾语，所以有的 语法家把它看作是宾语从句， 但结构上看，也可以把它看作 是一个特殊的原因状语从句， 用来修饰表语的形容词。这种 丫曲句的连词常常被省略。