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1、The Introduction of engineering economicsAbstract: Engin eeri ng Econo mics in foreig n coun tries has long bee n perceivedwidely application, its theory, methods are all directional system, orderly and perfect. It tends to study macroeconomic issues, the microscopic analysis and the social ben efit
2、 and the econo mic, en vir onmen tal, policy coord in ati on of comprehe nsive applicati on of discipli nes. For many years in the tech ni cal and econo mic an alysis of water con serva ncy project; irrigati on and drain age engin eeri ng economy; water economy; real economy estate tech no logy; con
3、 structi on tech no logy; engin eeri ng econo mics teachi ng, practice and research, the theory and method of engin eeri ng econo mics develop en richme nt.Keywords : engineering economic;capital theory of time;value of market economy;1.1 The main differe nee betwee n the econo mic and Tech no logyP
4、rojecThe term tech no logy economy from the East, to the Soviet Un io n as the represe ntative. The term engineering economics from the west, represented by the United states. O 7 years ago, the orig inal tech no logy by the basic method of economy is static an alysis method (or using simple calcula
5、ti on), using the static econo mic in dicators, and project economy since 1915 has put forward compounding, always use the method of dynamic analysis, the dynamic economic indicators. The fact proves technical economy is the engin eeri ng economy, and full use of dyn amic an alysis and dyn amic econ
6、o mic in dicators.1.2 engin eeri ng economyEngineering economy is preferably using theory, nouns, terms and methods of econo mics to study adva need tech no logy, engin eeri ng tech no logy program and feasible tech no logy econo mic problems, comb ined with the feasibility of adva need tech no logy
7、 and best econo mic harm ony. Therefore, engin eeri ng economy in additi on to the main research project inv estme nt and econo mic an alysis, econo mic evaluati on, con trol, decisi on-mak ing theory, the relati on ship betwee n coordi nati on task also un dertakes researchprojects of econo mic and
8、 social dema nd, ecological resources, en vir onmen tal con diti ons, it is also the huma n susta in able questio n, is the huma n behavior efficie ncy and ideal target.1.3 The econo mic attribute of the subject of projectBy engineering economic meaning visible, engineering economics is a branch of
9、economics, is the application of economic scienee; engineering economics is a frontier subject of natural science and social science theory, and is a basic subject of human pursuit of high quality life behavior, the developed countries have been quite perfect and popularizatio n.1.4 The basic theory
10、 of the engin eeri ng economyMeaning, conditions, considering the methods about the time value of money have been consistent default. Can have more than a dozen formula in calculation, but its basic formula can be attributed to a compo und of formula (F = P (1 + I) n), because all the other formulas
11、 are derived from this formula, the key lies in the assumptions clearly derived before. The time value of money theory, calculation method, calculation skills is the engineering economy the most basic theory, methods, skills and core content.Here is more emphasized the theory of market economy (cons
12、ciousness) and the relationship between the time value of money theory, popular to say both as green leaves with red. The market is, money, resources, ecology, the coordinated development of the center, not by mans subjective will transfer, and to obey the law of economic and financial law of nature
13、 as a whole; the market economy theory (con scious ness) is the time value of fund into full play, the sufficie nt and n ecessary condition of full use. The time value of fund is the objective economic regulation, not by human subjective admit it or not and, therefore, should be deeply studied, the
14、conscious application. However, in the receiving, learning, research and application of capital time value theory must have the market economy theory of con scious ness.1.5 basic methods of engin eeri ng economyEcono mic books project econo mic and tech ni cal books and differe nt materials have dif
15、fere nt extract ion and classificati on. Differe nt econo mic issues should and can adopt differe nt engin eeri ng econo mic an alysis method; the same problem also should and can be used in many engin eeri ng econo mic an alysis method, so we can see that many engin eeri ng econo mic an alysis meth
16、od, but also accompa nied by many engin eeri ng technical and economic problems. In fact, the basic method of the engineering economy only two categories, the static and dyn amic differe nee. The static method does not beg in with the engin eeri ng economy, therefore, the basic method of engin eeri
17、ng economy method can be attributed to con sider the time value of money (which is called dyn amic method). The fact proves that the static in dex of the orig inal account of capital time value can be obtained after the index, dynamic contrast, dynamic method is not a static method considering the t
18、ime value of money can be obtained with the same name. The fact is that the true master of the time value of money theory, calculation methods and skills of the people, it is possible to analyze a project tech ni cal and econo mic problems. On many issues, econo mic an alysis, the project scheme can
19、 also be divided into two categories. It is emphasized in this paper, basic theories and methods, although the concentration to a content, but not means learning the discipline specialized learning of this content can obtain the content of theory of kno wledge, because the kno wledge engin eeri ng e
20、conomy invo Ives is very wide, especially can be applied in a broader, more wide, basic theory and method ofthis paper to elaborate engin eeri ng economy exte nsion.1.6 The basic theory and method of the engineeringeconomyexte nsion.1) from the engin eeri ng economy fun cti on and applicability, tec
21、h no logy and engin eeri ng economy can be applied to any in dustry, applied to all departme nts, un its, en terprise man ageme nt and family. However, differe nt in dustry (Professi on al) should be used in engin eeri ng economy theory, at the same time, should have the basic theory and the tech ni
22、 cal unique method. Such as chemical in dustry, agriculture, medic ine,in dustry and civil con structi on, water con serva ncy engin eeri ng and so on, should first have the basic theory, the professi onal and in dustry sta ndards, norms and regulati ons as well as the professi on al e ngin eeri ng
23、econo mic characteristics theory.2) from the engin eeri ng econo mics is econo mics bran ch, master, applicatio n of engin eeri ng economy, must grasp the macroscopic, microcosmic economy some basic theories and methods, should be familiar with tax and other aspects of the basic theory, system, poli
24、cy and regulati ons.3) from the engineering economy is the interdisciplinary integration of natural science and social scie nce, in the grasp, un dersta nd engin eeri ng economy, must have basic knowledge and methods of probability and statistics, the higher mathematics, operati onal research, as we
25、ll as the profo und un dersta nding and the resp on sibility of social resp on sibility.1.7 SummaryIn fact, engin eeri ng economy is a door and tech no logy, econo mic, social, ecological, human beings are closely related about interdisciplinary; is a comprehensive, practical, adva need subject can
26、develop new thi nking; where there is tech no logy, where there is human; where there is human, there is economic, market, there is economic, because the engin eeri ng economy is with comprehe nsive point of view, the qualitative method, qua ntitative an alysis of a comb in ati on of tech no logy, t
27、he econo mic effect an alysis of econo mic behavior, complex, explore the way along differe nt directi ons, optimizatio n, managementdecision-making behavior or specific measures,therefore, engineering economy is a moder n scie nce, tech no logy in the moder n economy, the theory and practice of hig
28、hly lin ked to a door must master the subject. A basic rule of huma n in practice is to obtain the results of large labor with less consumption of labor, the developme nt of huma n society is the econo mic developme nt, econo mic developme nt is based on tech no logy progress, take all con sumpti on
29、, wealth, and n atural resources of any tech no logy, engin eeri ng economy is the study of how to effectively the use of tech no logy, resources to promote econo mic growth and scie ntific, can be said to be the natural law and the economic law consciousness coordinator. Therefore, engin eeri ng ec
30、onomy any stude nts of any uni versity, it has practical and far-reachi ng significance and any qualified citizens.工程经济学概论摘要：工程经济在国外早已被广泛的自觉应用，其理论.方法等也皆趋向系统有 序和完善。它趋向研究宏观经济问题.微观分析和社会效益及经济.环境.政策相 协调的综合应用学科。多年来在水利工程技术经济分析； 排灌工程经济；水利经 济；房地产技术经济；建筑工程技术经济；工程经济等的教学实践和研 究中，浓缩出的工程经济学的理论和方法。关键词:工程经济；资金时间价值；市
31、场经济理论；技术经济一词来自东方，以原苏 美国为代表。7O年代前，原技术经 单利计算），采用静态经济指标，而 一向用动态分析方法，采用动态经济1. 1工程经济和技术 经济的主要 区别联为代表。工程经济一词来自西方，以济中基本方法多为静态分析方法（或采 用 工程经济自1 915年就提出了复利计算， 指标。如今事实证明技术经济就是工程经 济，并全用动态分析方法和动态经济指标了。1. 2工程经济的含义工程经济是运用经济学中的理论.名词.术语及方法研究技术先进.工程 技 术方案的优选及可行的技术本身的经 济效果问题，以使先进的可行技术和最佳 的经济融洽的结合。因此，工程经济 除了主要研究工程投资的经济
32、分析经济 评价.控制.决策等理论外，还担负了研究工程经济和社会需求.生态资源.环境条 件等之间关系的协调任务， 这也是人类永续的话题，更是人类行为 的宗旨和 理想的目标。1. 3工程经济学科属性由工程经济的含义可见，工程经济学是经济学中的分支，是应用经济 学； 工程经济学是自然科学和社会科 学相融的边缘学科，而且是人类追求 高质量生 活行为的基础学科，发达国 家已相当完善和普及。1. 4工程经济的基本理论关于资金时间价值的含义.条件.考虑方法等问题都已被一致默认。在 进行 等值计算时可有十多个公式，但 其基本公式可以归结为一个复利终值 公式（F = P （ 1+ I ） n ）,因为其他所有公
33、式都 是由此公式推导出来的，关键在于清 楚推 导前的假设条件。资金时间价值理论.等值计算方 法.计算技能是工程经济的最基本的 理论.方法.技能和核心内容。这里更强调的是市场经济理论（意 识）和资金时间价值理论间的关系，通 俗地说两者如同绿叶和红花。市场是 人.物.财.生态.资源协调发展的 中心，不 按人的主观意志转移，而能自觉遵守客观的经济规律并融自然规 律为一体；市 场经济理论（意识）是资金时间价值理论得以充分发挥.充分应用的充分和必 要条件。资金时间价值理论是客观的经济规律，不是由人主观承认和否而决定的，因此，应该深 入地研究，自觉地应用。然而，在接 受.学习.研究和运用资 金时间价值 理
34、论时一定要有市场经济理论意识。1.5工程经济的基本方法不同的工程经济和技术经济类书籍和教材有不同的提法和分类。不同的经济问题应当并可以采用不同的工 程经济分析方法；同一问题也应该并 可以用 许多工程经济分析方法，因此可以见到许许多多工程技术经济分析方法，同时也 伴随着许许多多的工程技术经济问题。其实，工程技术经济的基本方法仅有两大 类，静态和动态之分。其中静态方法并不始于工程经济，因此，工程经济中的基 本方法可归结到考虑资金时间价值的方法（即称动态方法）。事实证明将原有的 静态指标考虑资金时间价值后即可得到动态的同名指标，相反，动态的方法不予考虑资金时间价值后便可得到同名的静态方法。事实还可证
35、明真正掌握了资金时 间价值理论.计算方法和技能的人，是有可能进行某工程技术经济问题分析的。 对进行经济分析的许多问题项目.方案也可归纳为两大类。需要强调的是在此提 出了基本理论.基本方法虽然浓缩到了一个内容，但绝非指学习本学科时专门学 习这一内容就能获得这一内容 “知识理论方法”的，因为工程经济涉及的知识 面很广，尤其是可应用的面更宽.更广，为此本文须阐述工程经济外延的基本理 论和方法。1. 6工程经济外延的基本理论和方法从工程经济的功能及适用性看，工程经济能应用于任何行业的技术和工程， 应用于一切部门.单位.企业 管理乃至家庭。然而不同行业（专业）应 用工程经 济理论.方法的同时，应该 具备
36、各行业技术独有的基本理论和方 法。如化工.农 业.药业.工业和民 用建筑.水利工程等专业等等，应首 先具备本专业的基本理论. 方法及其 行业标准.规范和规定以及本专业的 “工程经济特色”理论。从工程经济是经济学分支的属 性看，掌握.应用工程经济时，必须掌握一定 的宏观.微观经济的基本理 论和方法，应该熟悉财税等方面的基本理论.制度.政策及规定等。从工程经济是自然科学和社会 科学相融的边缘学科看，在掌握.理 解工程 经济时，必须具备一定的概率和统计.高等数学.运筹学等方面的基本知识和方 法，以及对社会的深刻认识和责任感等。1.7总结事实表明，工程经济是一门和技术经济社会人类生态都密切 相关约边缘
37、 学科；是一门综合性强.应用性强，能开发新思维的先进学科；哪里有技术，哪E 里就有人类；哪里有 人类，哪里就有经济有市场，哪里 就有工程经济，因为 工程经济是用综 合的观点，定性.定量分析相结合的方法，分析技术的经济效果， 分析错 综复杂的经济行为，探求沿不同方向途径优化.管理决策行为或具体措 施，因此，工程经济是现代科学技术.现代经济中理论和实践高度联系的一门必 须掌握的学科。人类在实践中的一条基本规律是以较少的劳动消耗获得较大的劳 动成果，人类社会的发展是经济发展，经济发展建立在技术进步的基础上， 任何 技术的取用都消耗人财物和自然资源，工程经济恰恰是研究如何有效的利用技 术资源促进经济增长的科学，可以说是自然规律和经济规律的自觉 “协调器”。 因此，工程经济对任何院校的任何专业学生， 乃至任何有素质的公民都具有现实 的作用和深远的意义。