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1、ASTM 的标准贯入和对开管取 样标准试验方法Designation: D 1586-99AMtFOQAN SQtlETY FOR TESTING AN口 MMERiALS1 Barr harto* Dr,蚀父Ce如3日n.地1他器印浮市1丽 from me Annual Bwk 0 A5TM Miami; nfc CopynghrASTMStandard Test Method forPenetration Test and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils土的标准贯入和对开管取样标准试验方法DH，Etandjfd i& issued undsr Ihu fKtj
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3、ar Ttappreval 屈小 surmiani has fwf*i ttppnvcd for u即 % agcricies of the Department of 外型rj科.1. Scope* 范围1.1 This test method describes the procedure, generally known as the Standard Penetration Test (SPT), for driving a split-barrel sampler to obtain a representative soil sample and a measure of the
4、resistance of the soil to penetration of the sampler.1.1 该标准试验方法描述标准贯入试验(SPT)程序，推进对开管取样器获 取代表性土试样和测量土对贯入取样器的阻力值。1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate sa
5、fety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see 5.4.1.1.2 该标准试验方法没有包含所有的安全问题，即便要，联系实际需要。在 使用前确定合适的安全、健康守则和决定其规章制度适用的局限性是使用者的 责任。预防性注意条款说明见5.4.1。1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded a
6、s the standard.1.3数值标准单位为英寸-英镑体系。Note 1-Practice D 6066 can be used when testing loose sands below the water table for liquefaction studies or when a higher level of care is required when drilling these soils. This practice provides information on drilling methods, equipment variables; energy correc
7、tions, and blow-count normalization.1.3注释1-当测试水面以下的松散砂用于液 化研究或当对钻孔土有更高的要求时，操作规程 D 6066可以使用。该操作规程有关钻孔方法、 设备变化、能量更正和击数标准化。2. Referenced Documents 参考文件2.1 ASTM Standards:D 2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (UnifiedSoil Classification System)D 2488 Practice for Descripti
8、on and Identification of Soils (Visual-ManualProcedure)D 4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil SamplesD 4633 Test Method for Stress Wave Energy Measurement for DynamicPenetrometer Testing SystemsD 6066 Practice for Determining the Normalized PenetrationTesting of Sands for Evaluation o
9、f Liquefaction Potential3. Terminology 术语3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard3.1.1 anvil-that portion of the drive-weight assembly which the hammer strikes and through which the hammer energy passes into the drill rods.3.1.2 砧砧一重力推进装配的一部分并将重锤锤击能量传给钻杆。3.1.3 cathead-the rotating drum or
10、windlass in the rope-cathead lift system around which the operator wraps a rope to lift and drop the hammer by successively tightening and loosening the rope turns around the drum.3.1.2 锚架一纯锚提升系统中的滚桶或绞盘，通过它，操作者缠绕绳索连续 的收紧及放松绕在滚桶上的绳索将重锤提起、放下。3.1.3 drill rods-rods used to transmit downward force and to
11、rque to the drill bit while drilling a borehole.3.1.4 钻杆一在钻孔时向钻头传递向下力和扭矩。3.1.5 drive-weight assemble-a device consisting of the hammer, hammer fall guide, the anvil, and any hammer drop system.3.1.4 重锤推进装配一由重锤、重锤下落导向杆、铁砧和任何的重锤落下系 统。3.1.5 hammer-that portion of the drive-weight assembly consisting of
12、 the 140 2 lb (63.51 kg) impact weight which is successively lifted and dropped to provide the energy that accomplishes the sampling and penetration.3.1.5 重锤一重量推进装配的一部份，140支lb (63.5 1k g),通过连续提升并掉 落重锤提供的能量完成取样和贯入。3.1.6 hammer drop system-that portion of the drive-weight assembly by which the operato
13、r accomplishes the lifting and dropping of the hammer to produce the blow.3.1.6 重锤掉落系统一重锤推进装配的组成部分，操作者通过它提升、放开 重锤产生击数。3.1.7 hammer fall guide-that part of the drive-weight assembly used to guide the fall of the hammer.3.1.8 重锤下落导向一重锤推进装配的组成部分，用于引导重锤下落。3.1.9 N-value-the blowcount representation of th
14、e penetration resistance of the soil. The N-value, reported in blows per foot, equals the sum of the number of blows required to drive the sampler over the depth interval of 6 to 18 in. (150 to 450 mm) (see 7.3).3.1.8 N值一击数代表土的贯入阻力。N值以每英尺击数报告，等于将取样器推进土中6到18英寸(150至1450111111)的总击数(见73节)。3J.9 AN-the nu
15、mber of blows obtained from each of the 6-in. (150-mm) intervals of sampler penetration (see 7.3).3.1.9 4N将取样器贯入土中6英寸(150mm)的击数。3.1.10 number of rope turns-the total contact angle between the rope and the cathead at the beginning of the operators rope slackening to drop the hammei; divided by 360 (s
16、ee Fig. 1).3.1.10 绳索缠绕数一缠绕在锚架上绳索圈数。(s) counterdockwiso rotation approximately 1 弘turns(b) clockwise rotation approximately 2- turnsSection B-BPIG. 1 Definitions of th。Number of Rope Turns and the Angle for (a) Counterclockwise Rotation and (bj Clockwise Rotation of theCathead3.1.11 sampling rods-rod
17、s that connect the drive-weight assembly to thesampler. Drill rods are often used for this purpose.1.1.11 取样杆一连接重锤推进装配与取样器。同常使用钻杆。1.1.12 SPT-abbreviation for standard penetration test, a term by which engineers commonly refer to this method.1.1.13 SPT一标准贯入试验的缩写，提到该试验方法时工程师通常使用该术语。4. Significance and
18、 Use 意义与作用4.1 This test method provides a soil sample for identification purposes and for laboratory tests appropriate for soil obtained from a sampler that may produce large shear strain disturbance in the sample.4.2 该试验方法能为辨别士和室内试验提供土试样，这些室内试验适合用在 取样器中可能产生了剪应力扰动的土试样。4.3 This test method is used ex
19、tensively in a great variety of geotechnical exploration projects. Many local correlations and widely published correlations which relate SPT blowcount, or N-value, and the engineering behavior of earthworks and foundations are available.4.4 该试验方法广泛用于岩土工程勘察。许多有关 SPT击数或N值的地方 修正和大范围出版了的修正，都可得到有关土方和地基的
20、工程性质。5. Apparatus仪器设备5.1 Drilling Equipment-Any drilling equipment that provides at the time of sampling a suitably clean open hole before insertion of the sampler and ensures that the penetration test is performed on undisturbed soil shall be acceptable. The following pieces of equipment have prove
21、n to be suitable for advancing a borehole in some subsurface conditions.5.2 钻孔设备一任何钻孔设备在取样器插入取样前能提供一个相当干净的开 放孔并确保贯入试验是在未受扰动的原状土样上进行的都可接受。下面的仪器 设备被证实在某些地下条件中适合推进开孔。5.1.1 Drag, Chopping, and Fishtail Bits, less than 6.5 in.(162 mm) and greater than 2.2 in. (56 mm) in diameter may be used in conjuction
22、 with open-hole rotary drilling or casing-advancement drilling methods. To avoid disturbance of the underlying soil, bottom discharge bits are not permitted; only side discharge bits are permitted.5.1.1 抓，切和鱼尾螺栓，直径小于6.5英寸(162mm),大于2.2英寸(56mm), 用于结合旋转钻探开孔或套管护孔钻探开孔方法使用。为避免扰动地下土，不 允许使用钻头排流，只允许使用钻头侧面排流。
23、5.1.2 Roller-Cone Bits, less than 6.5 in. (162 mm) and greater than 2.2 in. (56 mm) in diameter may be used in conjunction with open-hole rotary drilling or casing-advancement drilling methods if the drilling fluid discharge is deflected.5.1.2旋转圆锥钻头，直径小于 6.5英寸(162mm),大于2.2英寸(56mm), 如果钻探泥浆是斜向排，用于结合旋转
24、钻探开孔或套管护孔钻探开孔方法使用 放。5.1.3 Hollow-Stem Continuous Flight Augers, with or without a center bit assembly, may be used to drill the boring. The inside diameter of the hollow-stem augers shall be less than 6.5in. (162 mm) and greater than 2.2 in. (56 mm).5.1.3带或不带中心钻头的中空连续行程式螺丝钻，可用于钻孔。螺丝钻的内 径应小于6.5英寸(162
25、mm)大于2.2英寸(56mm)。5.1.4 Solid, Continuous Flight, Bucket and Hand Augers, less than 6.5 in. (162 mm) and greater than 2.2 in. (56 mm) in diameter may be used if the soil on the side of the boring does not cave onto the sampler or sampling rods during sampling.5.1.4实心，连续行程，铲状病手持的螺丝钻，直径小于 6.5英寸(162mm),
26、 大于2.2英寸(56mm),当孔壁土在取样时不塌落在取样器或是取样杆上可使用。5.2 Sampling Rods-Flush joint steel drill rods shall be used to connect the split-barrel sampler to the drive-weight assembly. The sampling rod shall have a stiffness (moment of inertia) equal to or greater than that of parallel wall A rod (a steel rod which h
27、as an outside diameter of 1% in. (41.2 mm) and aninside diameter of 1 % in. (28.5 mm).5.2 取样杆一淬化钢质杆，用于连接裂口式取样器和重量推进装置。取样杆 的强度(瞬时惯性)应等于或大于 A型钻杆(一种外径为1%in. (41.2mm),内 径为1%in. (28.5mm)的钢管)。Note 2-Recent research and comparative testing indicates the type rod used, with stiffness ranging from A size rod
28、 to N size rod, will usually have a negligible effect on the N-values to depths of at least 100ft (30 m).注释2一对使用钢管的研究和对比试验表明： 从A型钢管到N型钢管强度的变化，在 100 ft(30m)的深度内对N值的影响可以忽略。5.3 Split-Barrel Sampler-The sampler shall be constructed with the dimensions indicated in Fig. 2. The driving shoe shall be of ha
29、rdened steel and shall be replaced or repaired when it becomes dented or distorted. The use of liners to produce a constant inside diameter of 13/s in. (35 mm) is permitted, but shall be noted on the penetration record if used. The use of a sample retainer basket is permitted, and should also be not
30、ed on the penetration record if used.5.4 对开管取样器一取样器构造尺寸见图 2。管靴应为高强度钢并且当其凹陷 或扭曲时可更换或修理。为保持恒定的1%in. (41.2mm)大小的内径，允许使用 衬垫，但必须在贯入记录上注明。允许使用试样固定器，但也应在贯入记录上 注明。Note 3 - Both theory and available test data suggest that N-values may increase between 10 to 30% when liners are used.注释3理论和现有的试验数据都建议： 当使用衬垫时，N
31、值可能增加10-30%。A 1.C to ff.C in“弱七辆B = 1S0Id30CI np Q 鹏2 叫C - 1.375 0g nil. 34.93 (M3mnD - 1W -OO5-OODh (381 13-0.0mi)匚-0 10 = O.OJ H “ 土 CI.25 imm)F 28 二 Q05-QQ0i* 1 3-00 rwr)G - 1&0*U 23.fr1TMT 抒 fl-. OBmim 值由出所4沙琳 MlEU 刖白y bn uMds布1事i*al ftidinttc tplil Imer _0x 叼”|1/ 皿dva 时3 f r n/肿科 帕Wcftdi qr 99：
32、C roia畤grs HMy Iba usd g Em milFIGr 2 Sp lit-B a ml Safnpter5.5 Drive-Weight Assembly: 重量推进装置:5.5.1 Hammer and Anvil-The hammer shall weigh 140 2 1b (63.5 1 kg) and shall be a solid rigid metallic mass. The hammer shall strike the anvil and makesteel on steel contact when it is dropped. A hammer fal
33、l guide permitting a freefall shall be used. Hammers used with the cathead and rope method shall have an unimpeded overlift capacity of at least 4 in. (100mm). For safety reasons, the use of a hammer assembly with an internal anvil is encouraged.5.4.1 锤和铁砧一锤重1402 lb (63.5 1kg),应为坚硬实心的金属块。当 锤落下后，钢与钢接
34、触，重锤锤击铁砧。应使用允许自由掉落的重锤下落导向 装置。重 锤与锚架及绳索使用，应有一个 不受阻碍 的上拉限位 能力至少4in.(100mm)。为安全起见，鼓励重锤装置使用一个内置的铁砧。Note 4-It is suggested that the hammerfall guide be permanently marked to enablethe operator or inspector to judge thehammer drop.注释4一建议重锤导向杆刻上尺度，以使操 作者或者观察者能够判断重锤掉落高度。5.4.2 Hammer Drop System-Rope-cathead
35、,trip,semiautomatic,or automatic hammer drop systems may be used, providing the lifting apparatus will not cause penetration of the sampler while re-engaging and lifting the hammer.5.4.2重锤掉落系统一绳索-锚架，启动装置，半自动，或自动掉锤系统可以 使用，倘若提升设备在重新啮合和提升时不造成取样器的插入。5.5 Accessory Equipment-Accessories such as labels, sa
36、mple containers, data sheets, and groundwater level measuring devices shall be providedin accordance with the requirement of the project and other ASTM standards.5.5附属设备一标签、试样筒、记录纸和地下水量测仪器设备，需满足工程 及ASTMS准的要求。6. Drilling Procedure 钻孔程序6.1 The boring shall be advanced incrementally to permit intermitt
37、ent or continuous sampling. Test intervals and locations are normally stipulated by the project engineer or geologist. Typically , the intervals selected are 5 ft (1.5 mm) or less in homogeneous strata with test and sampling locations at every change of strata.6.1 钻孔应分段钻进，允许断续或是连续取样。试验间距及位置通常由工程项目工程
38、师或是地质工程师确定。典型的是，在均匀地层中间距为5ft(1.5m)或更小做标贯且每变层时取样。6.2 Any drilling procedure that provides a suitably clean and stable hole before insertion of the sampler and assures that the penetration test is performed on essentially undisturbed soil shall be acceptable. Each of the following procedures have prov
39、en to be acceptable for some subsurface conditions. The subsurface conditions anticipated should be considered when selecting the drilling method to be used.6.2 任何在放入取样器前能提供干净和稳定孔壁，并能确保在未扰动的原状 土中进行的钻孔程序都可接受。以下各程序被证明对某些地下条件可用。在选 择钻孔方法时应考虑地下土层条件。6.2.1 Open-hole rotary drilling method.6.2.2 旋转钻孔法开孔。6.2
40、.3 Continuous flight hollow-stem auger method.6.2.4 中空螺丝钻连续行程法。6.2.5 Wash boring method.6.2.6 冲孔法。6.2.7 Continuous flight solid auger method.6.2.8 实心螺丝钻连续行程法。6.3 Several drilling methods produce unacceptable borings. The process of jetting through an open tube sampler and then sampling whenthe desir
41、ed depth is reached shall not be permitted. The continuous flight solid auger method shall not be used for advancing the boring below a water table or below the upper confining bed of a confined non-cohesive stratum that is under artesian pressure. Casing maynot be advanced below the sampling elevat
42、ion prior to sampling. Advancing a boring with bottom discharge bits is not permissible. It is not permissible to advance the boring for subsequent insertion of the sampler solely by meansof previous sampling with the SPT sampler.6.3 几种钻孔方法不能用于钻孔。从管口穿过取样管喷射钻进，在到达预定 取样深度时取样的钻孔方法不允许采用。实心螺丝钻连续行程法不能用于水下
43、 钻孔或是承压地层下（因为存在承压水压）。套管不能伸入取样高程下。钻孔不 允许采用钻头排流方法。紧接就单独插入取样器前（在用SPT取样器取样），不允许推进钻孔。6.4 The drilling fluid level within the boring or hollow-stem augers shall be maintained at or above the in situ groundwater level at all times during drilling, removal of drill rods, and sampling.6.4在钻进、拆卸钻头和取样过程中，钻孔或中空
44、钻杆内的液面应始终保持 或超过现场地下水高程。7. Sampling and Testing Procedure取样和试验程序7.1 After the boring has been advanced to the desired sampling elevation and excessive cuttings have been removed, prepare for the test with the following sequence of operations.7.1 在钻孔达到预定取样深度及孔内清除干净后，按以下操作顺序准备试 验。7.1.1 Attach the split
45、-barrel sampler to the sampling rods and lower into the borehole. Do not allow the sampler to drop onto the soil to be sampled.7.1.1 将对开管取样器与取样杆连接后放入钻孔。不允许取样器直接掉落到 预取样土上。7.1.2 Position the hammer aboveand attach the anvil to the top of the sampling rods. This may be done before the sampling rods and
46、 sampler are lowered into the borehole.7.1.2 使重锤就位并将铁砧与取样杆安装好。此操作应在取样杆及取样器放 入钻孔前完成。7.1.3 Rest the dead weight of the sampler, rods, anvil, and drive weight on the bottom of the boring and apply a seating blow. If excessive cuttings are encountered at the bottom of the boring, remove the sampler and
47、sampling rods from the boring and remove the cuttings.7.1.3 等取样器，钻杆，铁砧，重锤的重量完全压在钻孔底部的土上后，锤 一击使其就位。如果在钻孔的底部遇有大量的切削物，从钻孔中提出取样杆和 取样器并清除切削物。7.1.4 Mark the drill rods in three successive 6-in. (0.15-m) increments so that the advance of the sampler under the impact of the hammer can be easily observed for
48、 each 6-in. (0.15-m) increment.7.1.4在钻杆上标记三个连续的每隔 6in (0.15m)的刻度，因而取样器在重锤的作用下每前进6in (0.15m)能很容易的观察到。7.2 Drive the sampler with blows from the 140-1b (63.5-kg) hammer and count the number of blows applied in each 6-in. (0.15-m) increment until one of the following occurs:7.2用140 lb(63.5kg)的重锤锤击贯入取样器并记录取样器每进入6in(0.15m)的击数，直到出现下面任一种情况时停止贯入：7.2.1 A total of 50 blows have been applied during any one of the three 6-in. (0.15-m) increments described in 7.1.4.7.2.2 在7.1.4标记的刻度中，任一 6in (0.15m)行程的锤击数达到50击。7.2.3 A total of 100 blows ha