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1、现在完成时(1)构成：现在完成时由助动词have +过去分词构成，助动词 have有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has,其余用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。 以study为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式疑问式I have not (havent) studied Have I studied?You have not (havent) studied -Have you studied?He has not (hasn t) studied .Has he studied?否定疑问式简单回答(肯定/否定)Have I n
2、ot (Havent I) studiedYes, you have. No, you haven，tHave you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I haven，t.Has he not (Hasn t he) studied-Yes, he has. No, he hasn，t.(2)用法：1)现在完成时通常表示在 说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的 结果或影响 。My daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。I m sure we ve met befOre.定我们以前
3、见过面。She has arrived.她至 U 了。2)表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just,lately, for ，sinyet 等*如：I haven t heard from her these dayf些日子我没有收到她的信。We haven t seen you recently.最近我们没有见至U你。They have been away for two years.他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday.注意：1) since和for的区别sin
4、ce 后接时间点，如 1993, last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间，表示长达多久，如ten years, a while, two days等。Exercise: 用 since 和 for 填空1. Jim has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there 7 ocl
5、ock.5. India has been an independent country 1974.6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和
6、表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说：He has come here for 2 weeks. xThe old man has died for 4 months. xThey have left only for 5 minutes. x以上三句话可以改为：He has been here for 2 weeks.The old man has for 4 months.They have only for 5 minutes.3) have (has) been和have (has) gone的区另k表示曾到过某地要用 have (has) been表示；
7、巴经去某地”要用“have (has) gone 试比较：Where has he been?他刚才到哪里去了？(已经回来了)Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了 ？(人不在)They have been to Canada.他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大)They have gone to Canada.他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大)4)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I camein , 但可以和 already, yet,
8、sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never 等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。I haven t read it ye俄还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。Ma Hong has always been a good student.马红直是个好学生。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yan他 40n未去
9、过延安。I havent seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。Exercise:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I already(see) the film. I(see) it last week. 2.he(finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father just(come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Where s Li Ming ? He(go) to the teacher s office.5. I(work) here
10、since I(move) here in 1999.6. So far I(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long the Wangs(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I just(finish) my homework. 9. He(go) to school on foot every day.10.you(find) your science book yet? 11. If it(be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you.12. The students(read) English
11、when the teacher came in.13. Look! The monkey(climb) the tree. 14. My mother(come) to see me next Sunday.15. Ive lost my pen.you(see) it anywhere?II. Choose the best answer.1. How long have you here?A. comeB. gotC. arrivedD. been2. My grandpa died.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2
12、. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. beenB. goneC. wentD. never been4. It is ten years I last saw her.A. afterB. sinceC. forD. that5. -Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I her several times.A. metB. have metC. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dr
13、ess! How long you it?-Just 2 weeks.A. will, buyB. did, buyC. are, having D. have, had7. -Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I friends since we were very young.A. have madeB. have become C. have beenD. have turned8. The Smiths in China for 8 years.A. has livedB. livedC. have beenD. live9. -He
14、llo, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?- Sorry. He the Bainiao Park.A. has been toB. has gone to C. went toD. will go to10. -you ever to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, goD. were, goingIII. Rewrite the sentences.1. I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句 )I been
15、 to Macau before.2. He hasn t come to schcbecause he 一was 一 ill.(就戈U线音B分提问 )he come to school?3. I bough a new bike just now.(用 just 改写) I just a new bike.4. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句 )We English three years5. He has never surfed,?(改成反意疑问句)6. They have been here since.2000.(对划
16、线部分提问)have they been here?7. The old man last year. He has for a year. (die)(动词填空)8. Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换 )Miss Gao has an hour ago.IV . Ask the questions1) I have been there for two days. you?2) My father has lived here since 2000. your father?3) He left here yesterday. he?4) They bough
17、t a book two hours ago. they a book?V . Use never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since to fill in the blanks.1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him.2. Jack has finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years.4. “ Have you seen the film? ” No, I have seen it.5.
18、“Has the bus left?”“Yes, it has left.”现在完成时专项练习、翻译下列句子:1 .你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ 2 .我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 3 .我以前从来没去过那个农场。 4 .他已经吃过午饭5 .你已经看过这部电影了吗？ 6 .我哥哥还没回来。 7 .这本字典我已买了三年了。 8 .他离开中国三年了。9 .我认识他们五年了。10 .他们已去了美国五年了。 11 .自从他搬到济宁，他就住这儿了。 12 .我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。13 .自从1999年以来他们就认识。 14 .我来到这个学校已3年多了。 二、用since和for填空1.two years2.
19、two years ago 3.last month4.19995.yesterday 6.4 o clocl7.4 hours 8.anhour ago9.we were children 10.lunch time11.she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing the year before last. 13. I ve known him we were children.14. Our teacher has studied Japanese three years. 15. She has been away from the city abo
20、ut ten years.16. It s about ten years she left thy. cit三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to spf be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He Beijing for.2) I moved to the USA in 2008
21、. I the USA since.3) I went home yesterday.I home for.4) They came here last week.They here since. come to / go back to / return tof be back to go out f be out1) He came out two years ago.He for.2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We to Beijing since become f be1) I became a teacher in 2000. Ia teache
22、r for3) The river became dirty last year. The river dirty for close f be closedopen f be open1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop for2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door for six hours. get up - be up; die - be dead; leave sp. f be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep f be asle
23、ep; finish / end f be over; marry f be married ;1) I got up two hours ago.I since .2) He left Shanghai just now.He Shanghai for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa for .4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I since .6) They married i
24、n 1990. They since .6) start / begin to do sth. f do sth. ; begin f be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I at this school since .2) The film began two minutes ago.The film for . borrow f keep; lose f not have ; buy f have ; put on f wear catch / get a cold f have a cold; get to know f kn
25、ow1) They borrowed it last week. They it since .2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I a pen for .3) I got to know him last year.I him since .4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I my glasses for have / has gone to f have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He Beijing for two days. join the league / the Pa
26、rty / the armyf be a league member /a Party member / a soldierf be a member of the league / the Partyf be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He a for two years. He a the for two years.He the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother
27、a for . My brother in for two years.四、划线提问1) I have been there for two days.you ?2) My father has lived here since 2000.your father ?3) He left here yesterday.he ?4) They bought a book two hours ago.they a book五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where Li Fei ?B: He to Hainan Island.A: How long
28、 he there?B: He there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I m afraid he won t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I never there.A: How many times Li Fei to that place?B: He there only once.六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种
29、形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He his country.3) John England since he came back.5) The Smiths Beijing for years.7) I this school since three years ago.2) David the park just now.4) How long they this village?6) you ever America? - Yes, I there many times.8) Where is Jim? He the farm.9) Whenhe ? He an hour
30、ago.10) Would you like to to the zoo with me? -Yes, but I there before.11) Where you now? - I to the zoo. 12) He often swimming.13) you there last year?14) they often skating in winter?七 用 never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since 填空1. I have seen him before, so I have no idea about him. 2. Jack h
31、as finished his homework.3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ten years.4. “ Have you seen the film? ”“ No, I have seen it.”5. “ Has the bus left ?”“ Yes, it has left.”八 . 用适当的时态填空：1. She s (live) here ever since she was ten.2. Both of them (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3. Both of them (come) to Ho
32、ngkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour (pass) since the train (leave).5. Mary(lose) her pen. you (see) it here and there?6. you (find) your watch yet?7. -Are you thirsty? -No I just (have) some orange.8. We already (return) the book.9. they (build) a new school in the village?10. I (not finish) my home
33、work . Can you help me?11. My father (read) the novel twice.12. I (buy) a book just now.13. I (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father (read) this book since yesterday.答案1、 1. since 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since2、 1. have, seen, saw 2. Has, finished 3. has, come 4. has gone
34、5. have worked, moved 6. have made 7. have, stayed 8. have, finished 9. goes 10. have, found 11. is 12. were reading 13. is climbing 14. is coming 15. Have, seen3、 15 DCBBB 6-10 DCCBB4、 Keys: 1. How long have, been there2. How long has, lived here 3. When did, leave here 4. When did, buy5、 1. never
35、2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already专项练习答案一翻译下列句子：1. Have you ever had / eaten fish and chips? 2. I have just lost my chemistry book.3. I have never been to the farm before.4. He has already had lunch = He has had lunch already.5. Have you seen the movie yet? 6. My brother
36、 hasn co mte /get / been back yet = My brother hasn returned yet.7. I have had this dictionary for three years / since three years ago.8. Has been away from China for three years.9. I have known them for five years. 10. They have been in the USA for five years.11. He has been here since he moved to
37、Jining.12. My sister has been a college student for three years = My sister has been in college for three years.13. They have known each other since 1999.14. I have been in this school for over three years.二、用since或者for填空I. for 2. since 3. since 4. since 5. since 6. since 7. for 8 since 9.since 10.
38、sinceII. since 12.since 13. since 14.for 15.for 16. since三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 1. has been in , five minutes2. have been in , 2008 3. have been at, two days 4. have been , last week 1. have been out, two years2. have been back , yesterday 1. have been , nine years 2. has been , two years 1
39、. has been closed , two hours 2. has been open 1. have been up , two hours ago 2. has been away from 3. has been dead , seven years4. has been over 5. have been asleep , two hours ago 6. have been married , 1990 1. have taught , 19952. has been on , two minutes 1. have kept , last week 2. have had ,
40、 two hours 3. have known , last years 4. have worn , three years has been in has been , League member has been , member of , League has been in2. has been , soldier , two years has been , the army四、划线提问1. How long have, been there 2. How long has , lived here 3. When did , leave here 4. When did , b
41、uy五、用 have(has) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A: Where has Li Fei gone?B: He has gone to Hainan Island.A: How long has he been there?B: He has been there for three days.A: When will he come back, do you know?B: I m afraid he won t come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry,
42、 I have never been there.A: How many times has Li Fei been to that place?B: He has been there only once.六、用 have / has been to / in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1. has gone t 2. went to 3. has been in 4. have , been in 5 . have been in 6. Have , been to ; have been7. have been in / at 8. has gone to 9
43、. did go ; went 10. go ; have been 11. are , going ; am going 12. goes13. Did , go 14. Do , go七、综合练习:1. never 2. just , already 3. for 4. ever, never 5. yet , just / already 八 . 用适当的时态填空：1. lived / has been livingHave , found 7. have , had2. have been 3. went 4. has passed ; left 5. has lost ; have , seen 6.8. have , returned 9. Have , built 10. haven t finished11. has read12. bought13. lost 14. have been reading / has read