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1、2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析SectionCPassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and6
2、0,foundthatcertainmentaifunctionsincludingmeasuresofabstractreasoning,mentaispeedandpuzzle-solvingstartedtodullasearlyasage27.Dipsinmemory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparentaroundage37.Ontheotherhand,indicatorsofapersonsaccumulatedknowledgelikeperformaneeontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledgekeptimpr
3、ovingwithage,accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Mostpeoplesmindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentaiflexibilitydecreas
4、erelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithonesabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodisposesJSalthousesaidinanewsrelease.Thestudyineludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetan
5、datsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle（细微的）changesinmentaifunction,andinvoIvesolvingPuzzles,recall!ngwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollect!onsoflettersandsymbols.Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsofcognition（认知能力）generallystarted
6、todeclineinthelate20sto30s.Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentaifunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia（痴呆）,accordingtotheresearchers.ByfollowingindividualsovertimeJSalthousesaid,nwegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline.”The
7、researchersarecurrentlyanalyzing,thestudyparticipants1healthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinflueneeage-relatedcognitivechanges.47. 【题干】Whatisthecommonviewofmentaifunction【选项】A.Itvariesfrompersontoperson.Cjtgraduallyexpandswithage.Bjtweakensinone*slateryears.DJtindicatesoneshealthcondition.【解析】De
8、cliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.48 .【题干】Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions【选项】A. Somediseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline.B. Theyreachapeakattheageof20formostpeople.C. Theyareclose
9、lyrelatedtophysical1andmentaiexercise.D. Someofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung.【答案】D【解析】butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.49 .【题干】WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeoplesmindsinmostcases【选项】【答案】BA. Theytendtodeclineinpeopleslateryear
10、s.B. Theirflexibilitydeterminesonesabilities.C. Theyfunctionquitewelleveninoldage.D. Theirfunctioningisstillapuzzletobesolved.【答案】C【解析】Mostpeoplesmindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.50 .题干Althoughpeoplesmindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they.【选项】A
11、. maybebetteratsolvingpuzzlesB. canmemorizethingswithmoreeaseC. mayhavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoningD. canputwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse【答案】D【解析】“Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentaiflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivene
12、ssofintegratingitwithonesabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodisposesJSalthousesaidinanewsrelease.51 .【题干】AccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelpus.【选项】A.findwaystoslowdownourmentaidecline6.findwaystoboostourmemoriesC. understandthecomplexprocessofmentaifunctioningD. understandth
13、erelationbetweenphysicalandmentaihealth【答案】A【解析】Salthousesaid,Mwegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline.”PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThemostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherisingdiscussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchi
14、ldren.Theshorthand（简写educatorsuseforthisis”pre-K”meaninginstructionbeforekindergartenandthebigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12journey.Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.Th
15、efederalHeadStartprogram,launched50yearsago,hasservedmorethan30millionchildren.ItwasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversitysPeabodyCollegebyGray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch.AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsusta
16、inedthroughthethirdgrade.Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicatesIonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.Pre-Kiscontroversial.Somecriticssayitisaluxuryandshouldntbefreetofamiliesabletopay.Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprov
17、enandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechildsschooling.Ileantowardthelatterview.Thisis,inanycase,therightconversationtobehavingnowasMayorMeganBarrytakesoffice.Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.TheimportantthingisforallofustokeepinmindtherealgoalandtheIonger,biggerpictur
18、e.Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention（干预）works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequeneeofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.Forthispurpose,ourschoolsneedboththetalentandtheorganizationtoeducateeachchildwhoar
19、rivesattheschoolhousedoor.Someshowupready,butmanydonotatthiscriticaltimewhenyoungbrainsaredevelopingrapidly.52.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergarteneducation【选项】Ajtshouldcatertotheneedsofindividualchildren.BJtisessentialtoapersonsfutureacademicsuccess.C. Scholarsandpolicymakershavedifferento
20、pinionsaboutit.D. Parentsregarditasthefirstphaseofchildrensdevelopment.【答案】C【解析】第一段：Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.53 .【题干】WhatdoesthenewPeabodystudyfind【选项】A. Pre-Kachievementsusuallydonotlastlong.B. Thethir
21、dgrademarksanewphaseoflearning.C. Thethirdgradeiscriticaltochildrensdevelopment.D. Qualityhasnotbeenthetopconcernofpre-Kprograms.【答案】A【解析】AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.54 .【题干】Whendoestheauthorthinkpre-Kworksth
22、ebestA. Whenitisaccessibletokidsofallfamilies.B. Whenitismadepartofkids1education.C. WhenitisnoIongerconsideredaluxury.D. Whenitismadefunandenjoyabletokids.【答案】B【解析】Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicatesIonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotheriss
23、ues,relatedtoeducatingachild.56.【题干】WhatdowelearnaboutMayorMeganBarry【选项】A. Sheknowstherealgoalofeducation.B. Sheisamayorofinsightandvision.C. Shehasoncerunapre-Kprogram.D. Sheisafirmsupporterofpre-K.【答案】D【解析】Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.E. 【题干】Whatdoestheauthorthinkisc
24、riticaltokidseducation【选项】A. Teachingmethod.B. Kids1interest.C. Earlyintervention.D. Parents1invoIvement.【答案】C【解析】Theweightoftheevideneeisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干预)works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequeneeofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.