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1、Unit 1A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING,1.Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will d
2、escribe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD.,受影响,习俗和信仰,因此，结果=therefore/thus/so,否定前缀（in、im、un、dis）,certain,comfortable.important,interesting,able,fair,friendly,happy,healthy,kind,lucky,pleasant,tidy,usual等等active,correct,complete,direct等等patient,possible,polite,proprt等等ap
3、pointed, like，appear等等,前缀un:,前缀in:,前缀im:,前缀dis：,2.The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical pictur
4、e at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.,画家的主要目的,宗教的主题,对.不感兴趣,充满了,非限制性定语从句,用一种更现实的方式
5、,(1)without aim漫无目的地with the aim of以期，意在achieve ones aim达到目的miss ones aim希望落空，失败take aim at向瞄准(2)aim sth.at sb./sth.用某物朝向/瞄准某人或某物aim at/for sth.力求达到aim high胸怀大志，力争上游aim at doing sth./aim to do sth.意欲、企图、力求做某事(3)be aimed at目的是，旨在,介词填空/用所给词的正确形式填空(牛津P42)Teamwork is required in order to achieve these _
6、 (aim)要达到这些目标需要齐心协力。(牛津P42)She went to London with the aim _ finding a job.她去伦敦是为了找工作。In a word，the program aims _ (encourage) students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society.总之，这个计划目的是鼓励学生们成为积极的市民并让他们在社会中发挥作用。,aims,of,to encourage,英语语法点：非限制性定语从句,用Which ，who, w
7、hose, whom 填空1.These apple trees，_ I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit。这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。2.She is an artist，_ I am not.她是一位艺术家，而我不是。3.Water，_ is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。4.The two policemen were completely trusted，_ in fact they were.那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。,which
8、,which,which,which,5.Peter, _you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。 6.The boy, _father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。 7.Mr Smith，from _I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。8._ it known to the United States, Mark Twain is a
9、great American writer.美国人都知道，马克?吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。,whom,whose,whom,As,3.The Renaissance(15th to 16th century)During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At
10、 the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of the
11、mselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements.,adopt 采用，领养adapt适应于，适应不同情况（或环境）(to) An adopted child 领养的孩子,(1)be possessed of 具有(某品质、能力等)(2)possession n(常作复数)所有；财产in possession of 占有；拥有；持有in sb.s possessionin the possession of sb.为某人所有；在某人的控制下get/take/gain possess
12、ion of 拥有；占有,完成句子/用所给词的适当形式填空。Mr.Smith _ great selfconfidence.史密斯先生具有很强的自信心。When her father died，she came into _ (possess) of a large fortune.她父亲去世时，她继承了一大笔财产。Their opponents were in possession of the ball for most of the match.The ball was _ their opponents for most of the match.他们的对手在比赛的大部分时间里控制着球
13、。,was possessed of,possession,in the possession of,4. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a
14、 wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new t
15、echnique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.,5.Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countrys
16、ide to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.,新的发明,6.The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoor
17、s. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of paint
18、ing and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous.,Modern Art(29th century to today)At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call modern art.
19、This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles, but without the impressionists,many of these painting styles might not exist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract;,that is, the painter does not attempt to
20、paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates n certain qualities of the object, using colour, line and shape to represent them. On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs. These styles are so different. Who can predict what painting styles there will be in the future?,