《不锈钢施工组织设计.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《不锈钢施工组织设计.doc（18页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、不锈钢施工方案备注不锈钢的特点是强度高，对热较敏感，表面有一层极薄的氧化膜，它 的存 在使不锈钢具有很好的抗腐蚀性，氧化膜的损坏，将严重降低不锈钢 的抗腐蚀 性能。此外，渗碳也会降低不锈钢的耐腐蚀性。因此，对于不锈 钢材料应高度 重视表面的保护，特别是液货舱内表面的保护。在运输、存 放、施工过程中， 严防机械碰撞、碰焊等损伤，并避免与碳钢接触。二、调运（调运要求参照不锈钢拼板工艺）1、调运用的夹具、吊鼻、马板等应采用不锈钢材料或采用其它措施防止碳 钢 夹具与不锈钢直接接触。2、应采用适当数量的吊鼻，避免调运时不锈钢变形。3、吊运时不可在一块不锈钢板上任意拖拉另一块不锈钢板，以免划伤不锈 钢 板
2、表面。三、存放1、不锈钢不可与碳钢混放，应有专门的仓库存放。2、不能把不锈钢随意放在地上或平台上，应事先铺设木板、橡胶或木质纤维板。3、堆放过程中应用木材或非金属物质做垫料，在贮存期间不锈钢应用塑料密封，再加帆布盖上。4、两层不锈钢板不可重叠放置，否则中间要放软物或木条铺垫。5、不锈钢要注意防潮、防划伤、防黑色金属的渗碳，不能接触酸、碱、盐、 油 脂等物质。四、施工（以甲板分段为例说明）（一）甲板胎架上拼板（拼板要求参照不锈钢拼板工艺）1、胎架制作时上端应加装不锈钢板条。2、 不锈钢液货舱拼板施工在车间进行，不得在不锈钢拼板施工现场附近进 行碳钢的打磨、切割等工作。3、 按拼板图的要求，将不锈
3、钢板铺放在胎架上，准确落位，以免划伤不锈钢甲板，并核对钢板号料时所标注的符号、首尾方向、肋骨号等。同时检查钢板正反面、直线边缘平直度、边缘坡口等情况。划出中间板的中心线，并在胎架两端中心上拉线，检测使中间板的中心线与所拉线对准，相应肋位与肋骨检验线对准。定位，定位时先定位中间和两端，然后再加密定位焊，定位焊的尺寸为75 mm x300mm 从中间向两舷定位。为了防止 焊接时不锈钢板变形，板 的上面用压块固定在胎架上，压块与不锈钢板接触的部分垫胶皮保护。4、 拼板时，先拼接纵缝，后拼装横缝，以免因横缝先拼接影响纵缝的直线度，造成过大的装配间隙，甲板在胎架上拼好后，使甲板中心线对准胎架中心线，并紧
4、贴胎架。报检。焊接，甲板拼板用埋弧焊焊接，需在铁轨道与不锈钢板之间垫橡胶，避免与不锈钢接触。根据图纸划出甲板中心线、肋骨检验线和各构架的位置线，报检。5、 在不锈钢板上作标记、划线要用专用的工具，不得用油漆、钢针或铅 笔， 应用无氯墨水。6、 施焊前，用丙酮或酒精洗净焊缝两侧 20mm范围内不锈钢板上的污、油 漆和尘土，避免焊接燃烧中有渗碳现象。7、施工人员在不锈钢施工区域施工时要穿清洁鞋套，随身不能携带金属8、 不允许随意将工具、设备放在不锈钢板上，不可在不锈钢板上任意拖拉 龙头线。破损的龙头线应包扎好后方可使用。9、 分段内的临时加强材和合拢时用于分段定位的临时支撑与不锈钢板之间 应采用不
5、锈钢板过渡连接。用于不锈钢的工具不能与制造碳钢的混用。10、 施工中分段的吊运不得随意从不锈钢分段上方经过。吊鼻材料应为不 锈钢，不允许在不锈钢的工作面上安装吊鼻。11、 在整个操作过程中，不可用铁锤敲打不锈钢表面。不锈钢产生变形不 得用热加工矫正，不得用铁锤敲击。12、 焊接时使用的工具（焊渣锤、刷子、撮箕）应为不锈钢，包括焊缝除 漆用的工具。白动焊焊接时需在铁轨道与不锈钢板之间垫橡胶。13、 不锈钢板加工过程中造成的一些损伤如：焊接飞溅、电弧击伤、烟斑和机械划痕、必须彻底清除。（用砂轮粗磨后，抛光机抛光）。（二）不锈钢甲板与甲板分段合拢1、甲板分段与不锈钢甲板合拢前进行打磨。2、 吊装不锈
6、钢甲板前，不锈钢甲板应划好纵桁线、横梁位置线。将不锈钢甲板吊至甲板骨架上，并且所划线与甲板构件相对应，吊装不锈钢甲板按不锈钢拼板工艺要求同样操作。甲板要准确落位，以免划伤不锈钢甲板。检验无误后报检，进行定位焊。3、定位焊及焊接：首先必须打磨焊缝，清除污垢、油渍及灰尘，并用丙酮或酒精擦洗后进行甲板骨架与不锈钢甲板定位焊，顺序为：甲板横梁从中间向左右舷顺序定位焊；甲板纵桁、纵骨、从中间向前后顺序进行定位焊，定位焊尺寸为75 mm x 300mm （焊缝中间引弧）双数焊工对称定位焊。4、 定位焊施焊完毕后，再次测量周边尺寸、平行度、垂直度、肋距尺寸、纵骨尺寸等，要符合第1条要求。检验无误后报检，进行
7、整体翻身，吊装操作同上。翻身后应将不锈钢甲板内侧面正放在装有不锈钢垫块水平胎架或有尺寸为130X 130mnA干块水平垫木上，落位后，应整体做施焊前定位焊肉打磨，焊段两端打磨成圆弧状。而后由双数焊工对称开始整体施焊，焊接顺序和定位焊顺序相同，焊接方式为二氧化碳焊。5、 分段内的临时加强材或合拢时用于分段定位的临时支撑与不锈钢板之间 应采用不锈钢板过渡连接。6、 在整个操作过程中，不可用铁锤敲打不锈钢表面。不锈钢产生变形不得 用热加工矫正，不得用铁锤敲击。7、 焊接时使用的工具（焊渣锤、刷子、撮箕）应为不锈钢，包括焊缝除漆 用的工具。8、 不锈钢板加工过程中造成的一些损伤如：焊接飞溅、电弧击伤、
8、烟斑和 机械划痕、必须彻底清除。（用砂轮粗磨后，抛光机抛光）。（三）大合拢1、分段合拢时，施工区设能防风雨、防潮和寒冷的施工蓬。2、 施工中分段的吊运不得随意从不锈钢分段上方经过，吊鼻材料为不锈 钢, 不允许在不锈钢的工作面上安装吊鼻。3、大合拢时液货舱内施工用的脚手架为木杆或竹竿。4、 在液货舱内施工时，底面需铺设木板或草席进行保护，避免东西坠落损伤表面。对于必须吊放于分段上施工的设备，必须采取相应的措施来保证设备碳钢部分与不锈钢不直接接触，如设备下垫放木板、橡胶、阻燃塑料等。5、在整个操作过程中，不可用铁锤敲打其不锈钢表面。不锈钢产生变形不得用热加工矫正，不得用铁锤敲击6、 焊接时使用的工
9、具（焊渣锤、刷子、撮箕）应为不锈钢，包括焊缝除漆用的工具。白动焊接时需在铁轨道与不锈钢板之间垫橡胶7 、 不锈钢板加工过程中造成的一些损伤如：焊接飞溅、电弧击伤、烟 斑 和机械划痕、必须彻底清除。（用砂轮粗磨后，抛光机抛光） 。8、 合拢焊接完检查焊缝是否有缺陷，并采用相应的措施去除缺陷（见 不 锈钢焊接缺陷修补工艺）。9 、 酸洗 酸洗是最常用去除氧化物和铁污染的化学方法，酸洗后必须 用 干净的水喷射，含有氯的水能够改善材料的表面状况。10 、为确保以上措施顺利实施，生产科、车间应在管理、制度上采取相应的措施，施工人员进行培训上岗，施工中派专人监督、巡查。Con structi on of
10、Stai nless SteelPART I FORWORDSThe sta inl ess steel is of high stre ngth, and sen sitive to the heat.There is a very thin oxide film covered in the surface of the stainless steel plate, thus the plate can be of high corrosion-resistance. If the film is damaged, the quality of corrosio n-resista nce
11、 will be reduced seriously. Additi on ally, the pen etrati on of the carb on to the sta in less steel plate will also reduce the quality of corrosi on-resista nce. Great atte nti on should be paid to protect the surface of the stainless steel plate, especially the inner surfaceof the cargo tan ks. D
12、uring the tran sportati on, storage and con structi on, the damageof mach in ery collisi on and butt-weld should be avoided, and the con tact betwee n the sta inl ess steel and carb on steel should also be avoided. PART H HOIST TRANSPORTATIONThe requireme nt of hoist tran sportati on can also refer
13、to the tech no logy of the stai nless steel plate alig nment.1. The holdi ng device used for the hoist should be madeof sta inl ess steelmaterial, or other methods can also be accepted if themethods can preve nt the direct con tact betwee n the carb on steel holdi ng device and the stainless steel p
14、late.2. To avoid the distortion of the stainless steel plate, there shouldbe eno ugh holdi ng devices for lifting.3. To avoid the damage to the surface of the sta in less steel plate, the plateshould not be dragged on the other plate arbitrarily during the hoisttran sportati on.PART m STORAGE1. The
15、sta ini ess steel plate should not be stored together with the carb on steel plate, it should be stored in special storehouse.2. The sta inl ess steel should not be laid directly to the ground orthe platform. Woodblock, rubber or woodfiber plate should be laid previously.3. The woodblock or nonmetal
16、 material should be used as filling block during the stack. The stai nless steel should be sealed with plastics and covered with can vas.4. Twoplated should not be piled up together, otherwise soft material and wood block should be provided betwee n the two plates.5. Atte ntio n should be paid to av
17、oid humidificati on, scuffi ng, carb on pen etrati onof ferrous metal, the plate should not con tact withthe materials such as acid, alkali, salt and grease, etc.PART IV CONSTRUCTIONCon structi on of the deck block is used for descripti on of the tech no logy.1. Plate alignment on the deck assembly
18、jig.The requireme nt of the plate alig nment can refer to the tech no logyof the stai nless steel plate alig nment.1.1 Stainless steel batten should be fitted on the upper side during the manu facture of the jig.1.2 The stainless steel plate alignment of the cargo tanks should be carriedout in the w
19、orkshop. The blast ing and cutt ing ofthe carbon steel should not be carried out nearby the site of stainless steel plate alignment.1.3 Put the stainless steel plate on the jig according the requirement of theplate alignment plan. Allocate well andtruly to avoid scuffing to the stainless steel deck
20、plate, and then check the marked symbols, direction of fore and aft, frame number, etc. during the laying-out of the steel plates. At the same time, check the conditions such as the positive and negative face of the plate, the straightness of the straight edge and the groove of the edge, etc. Draw t
21、he center line of the middle plate, and tie line in the middle of the jigs twosides. Align the center line of the middle plate to the tied line, align the frame to the frame checking line. When positioning, first positioning the middle and the two ends,then make more positioning tacks. The dimension
22、 of the positioning tack is 75mm x 300mm, the tacks should be made from the middle to the two sides. To avoid the distortion of the plate during the welding, ballast block should be put on the upper side of the plate, the contact part should be protected by rubber cover.1.4 During the plate alignmen
23、t, first align the longitudinal seam, and then align the transverse seam, otherwise the straightness of the longitudinal will be affected, and result in bigger fit-up gap. Whenthe deck plates are aligned on the jig, then align the center line of the deck to the center line of thejig, and makethe dec
24、k close to the jig. Report for check ing. Submerged arc weldi ng should be used for deck alig nment. Rubber should be filled betwee n the steel track and the sta in less steel plate to avoid direct con tact with the stainless steel. Draw the center line of deck, frame verifying line and all the posi
25、ti onlines of all structure membersaccord ing to the pla n, and the n report for check ing.1.5 Special tools should be used to make marks, draw lines on the stainless steel plates. Paint, steel pin and pen cil should not be used. Ink not containing chlori ne should be used.1.6 Before the welding, cl
26、ean the dirt, paint and dust on thestai nless steel plates with acet one or alcohol with the range of 20mm n ear the weldi ng seam.1.7 The workers should wear clean covers of shoes in the construction area of the stai nless steel whe n manu facture,they should not have metal things such as keys, wat
27、ches and so on with them.1.8 Tools, equipments should not be put directly on the stainless steel plate. Steel wires should not be dragged on the plates.1.9 The temporary stiffer members and supports should be linkedto the sta in less steel plates with stai nless steel plates whe n block ing and join
28、ing. Tools used for sta inl ess steel should not be used for carb on steel.1.10 The hoist of the other blocks across the sta ini ess steel blocks is notpermitted. The material of the hook should be stainless steel. The hook should not be fitted on the working surface of the stainless steel.1.11 No h
29、it on the surface of stainless steel plate with hammer is permitted duri ng the whole operatio n. If sta inl ess steel distorti on happe n, it is not permitted to carry out levelling with heating or hammer hit.1.12 The tools for welding such as welding slag hammer, brush, dustpan should be made of s
30、ta in less steel. Whe n carry ing outthe automatic weldi ng, rubber blocks should be put betwee n the steel track and the stai nless steel plates.1.13 All the damagessuch as welding spattering, arc hurt, smoke dot and mach inery scuffi ng duri ng the manu facture of the stai nless steel shouldbe swe
31、pt away en tirely.2. Stainless steel deck and joining of the deck blocks2.1 All the deck blocks should be dressed before the jo ining.2.2 Before the vertical loading, longitudinal girder positionlin es, tran sverse web positi on lines should be marked on the sta inl ess steel deck. Load the sta inl
32、ess steel deck on the deck framing, and alig n the marked lines to the deck members. The tech no logy of vertical loadi ng of the decks is the sameas the tech no logy of sta inl ess steel plates alig nment. The decksshould be located precisely in order not to damagethe decks. After verify ing, repor
33、t for check ing, and carry out the positi oning weld ing.2.3 Positioning welding and welding. First the welding seamshould be dressed to sweep away the dirt, grease and dust. And then clean with acetone or alcohol. After that the positioning welding between the deck framing and the deck should be ca
34、rried out. The order of the welding is: for transverse web, from the middle to the two sides; for deck longitudinal girder, stringer, from the middle to the two ends. The dimension of the welding is 75 mm x 300mm. The welding should be carried out from the middle to the sides or ends at the same tim
35、e.2.4 After the positioning welding, measure again the surrounding dimensions, parallelism, verticality, frame distance and stringer distance, and so on. All the dimensions should meet the requirements. After verifying, report for checking. Turn over the blocks entirely, the operation for vertical l
36、oad is the sameas the mentioned above. After turning over, the inner side of the deck should be rightly located on the stainless steel rig or some horizontal wood filling blocks dimensioned130 x 130mm. After location, dressing should be carried out, the ends of the welding parts should be madeto hav
37、e round shape.There should be double welding workers to carry out the welding, the order of the welding is same as the positioning welding.The method of the welding should be carbon dioxide welding.2.5 The temporary stiffer members and supports for the blocksshould be lin ked to the sta in less stee
38、l plates with sta in less steel plates.2.6 No hit on the surface of stainless steel plate with hammer ispermittedduri ng the whole operati on. If sta inl ess steeldistorti on happe ns, it is not permitted to carry out levelli ng with heat ing or hammer hit.2.7 The tools for welding such as welding s
39、lag hammer, brush, dustpan should be made of stai nless steel.2.8 All the damages such as welding spattering, arc hurt, smokedot and machi nery scuffi ng duri ng the manu facture of the sta in lesssteel should be swept away en tirely.3. ERECTION3.1 Whe n carry ing out the erecti on, con structi on s
40、helter shouldbe set up for preventing the weather, the humidification and the cold inthe con structi on area.3.2 The hoist of the other blocks across the stainless steel blocks is notpermitted. The material of the hook should be stainless steel. The hook should not be fitted on the working surface o
41、f the sta inl ess steel.3.3 During the erection, the scaffold for construction in the cargo tanksshould be made of wood post or bamboo post.3.4 During the constructionin the cargo tanks, the bottom of thetanks should be covered with wood plate or straw mat for protectionaga inst the damage to the st
42、a inl ess steel surface when other objects fall to the bottom. For those equipments which must be located on the blocks, acti ons must be take n to en sure no directcon tact betwee n the carb on steel and thesta ini ess steel. I n this case, wood plate, rubber and flame-retarda nt plastics can be pu
43、t un der the equipme nts.3.5 No hit on the surface of stainless steel plate with hammer ispermittedduri ng the whole operati on. If sta ini ess steeldistorti onhappe ns, it is not permitted to carry out levelli ngwith heat ing or hammer hit.3.6 The tools for welding such as welding slag hammer, brus
44、h, dustpan should be made of sta in less steel. Whe n carry ing outthe automatic weldi ng, rubber blocks should be put betwee n the steel track and the stai nless steel plates.3.7 All the damages such as welding spattering, arc hurt, smokedot and mach inery scuffi ng duri ng the manu facture of the
45、stai nless steel should be swept away en tirely.3.8 Check the complete ness after the erecti on weldi ng, and take acti ons to sweep away the shortage (refer to the tech no logy of the repair for sta inl ess steel weldi ng shortage)3.9 Acid clea ning. Acid clea ning is the most com mon chemical meth
46、ods to sweepaway the oxides and the steel pollutio n. Clea n water must be used to jet after the acid cleaning. Water with chlorine can improve the surface con diti ons of the materials.To en sure the acti ons men tio ned above can be carried out rightly, the producti ondepartment and the workshop should take some actions in management andsystem. The workers should be trained and special persons should be arranged for supervisal and inspection during the manufacture. 单纯的课本内容，并不能满足学生的需要，通过补充，达到内容的完善 教育之通病是教用脑的人不用手，不教用手的人用脑，所以一无所能。教育革命的对策是手脑联盟，结果是手与脑的力量都可以大到不可思议。3.103.11