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1、2011北京中考化学一模试题分类汇编(_物质的变化性质与分类)主题2 物质的变化、性质与分类 (2011年昌平区一模)6. 环保石头纸的主要原料是碳酸钙和高分子材料。“环保石头纸”属于 A(单质 B(化合物 C(纯净物 D(混合物 答案:D (2011年昌平区一模)8. 下列物质是自来水厂对水净化过程常用的消毒剂，其中属于氧化物的是 A. 氯气(Cl) B. 臭氧(O) C. 二氧化氯 (ClO) D. 漂白粉主要成分232Ca(ClO) 2答案:C (2011年昌平区一模)17. 下列物质的用途与其化学性质相关的是 A(用铝做导线 B(干冰用于人工降雨 C(用活性炭来净化水 D(用氮气做食品
2、包装袋的填充气 答案:D (2011年昌平区一模)22. 下列质量增加的变化中有一种与其他三种存在着本质的区别，这种变化是 A(长期放置在空气中的氢氧化钠质量增加 B(久置在潮湿空气中的铁钉质量增加 C(久置在空气中的生石灰质量增加 D(长期敞口放置的浓硫酸质量增加 答案:D (2011年朝阳区一模1)1(下列食品制作过程中发生了化学变化的是 A(大豆磨浆 B(西瓜榨汁 C(蛋糕切块 D(木瓜酿酒 答案:D (2011年朝阳区一模2)2(下列物质中，属于纯净物的是 A(生铁 B(冰水共存物 C(石灰水 D(加碘盐 答案:B (2011年朝阳区一模15)15(下列说法错误的是 选项 甲 乙 A
3、常见碱 烧碱、熟石灰、纯碱 B 常见合金 生铁、不锈钢、黄铜 C 常见干燥剂 浓硫酸、生石灰、火碱 D 常见营养物质 蛋白质、维生素、油脂 答案:A (2011年大兴区一模)1(下列变化属于化学变化的是 A(榨取果汁 B(海水晒盐 C(食物变质 D(冰雪融化 答案:C (2011年大兴区一模)4(下列物质中，属于纯净物的是 A(粗盐B(生铁 C(汽水 D(纯碱 答案:D (2011年大兴区一模)16(下列物质的用途中，利用其物理性质的是 A(氧气用于气焊 B(硫酸用于除铁锈 C(干冰用于人工降雨 D(小苏达用于治疗胃酸过多 答案:C (2011年东城区一模)1(生活中的下列变化属于化学变化的是
4、 A(冰雪融化 B(海水蒸发 C(食物腐烂 D(水果榨汁 答案:C (2011年东城区一模)10(下列性质中，与其他三种有本质区别的一种是 A(颜色 B(状态 C(溶解性 D(可燃性 答案:D (2011年东城区一模)23(下表所给出的各组概念中，不符合右图所示从属关系的是 X Y Z A 饱和溶液 溶液 混合物 B 氧化物 化合物 纯净物 C 中和反应 复分解反应 化学反应 D 稀有气体元素 金属元素 元素 答案:D (2011年房山区一模)1(下列典故中发生了化学变化的是 A(司马光砸缸 B(铁杵磨成针 C(火烧赤壁 D(凿壁偷光 答案:C (2011年房山区一模)3(下列物质中，属于纯净
5、物的是 A.调味用的食醋 B. 餐饮用的汽水 C.洗衣服用的自来水 D(人工降雨用的干冰 答案:D (2011年房山区一模)4(下列物质中，属于氧化物的是 A(CuO B(ZnClC(Cu(OH)D(O 2 2 2答案: A (2011年房山区一模)19(下列物质的用途利用了其化学性质的是 ?氧气用于气焊 ?食盐用作调味品 ?干冰用作制冷剂 ?小苏打用于治胃酸 ?用稀硫酸除去铁钉表面的铁锈 A(只有? B(只有? C(只有? D(只有? 答案:D (2011年丰台区一模)1(下列变化中，属于化学变化的是 A(水的电解 B(水的沸腾 C(捣碎胆矾 D(干冰升华 答案:A (2011年丰台区一模)
6、7(下列物质中属于氧化物的是 A(O B(KMnO C(HSO D(MgO 2424答案:D (2011年海淀区一模)1(空气中含量较多且化学性质不活泼的气体是 A(氧气 B(氮气 C(水蒸气 D(二氧化碳 答案:B (2011年海淀区一模)2(下列图示中的水，可以看作纯净物的是 A(河湖水 B(温泉水 C(蒸馏水 D(自来水 答案:B (2011年海淀区一模)13(下列各种物质的用途中，利用了其化学性质的是 A(干冰用于人工降雨 B(二氧化碳用作气体肥料 C(氯化钠溶液用于选种 D(液氮冷冻麻醉条件下做手术 答案:B (2011年海淀区一模)15(“三效催化转换器”可将汽车尾气中有毒气体处理
7、为无毒气体.下图表示反应中的各种分子，其中不同的球表示不同种元素的原子。下列说法中，不正确的是 A(分子在化学变化中可分 B(此反应是置换反应 C(原子在化学变化中不可分 D(此反应中的乙和丁的分子个数比为4:1 答案:B (2011年怀柔区一模)2.下列物质中属于纯净物的是 A(空气 B(粗盐 C(纯水 D(糖水 答案:C (2011年怀柔区一模)3.下列变化中，属于化学变化的是 A(干冰升华 B.白磷自燃 C.试管破碎 D.海水晒盐 答案:B (2011年怀柔区一模)16.下列物质中属于氧化物的是 A(高锰酸钾 B(干冰 C(臭氧(O) D(矿泉水 3答案:B (2011年怀柔区一模)23
8、.雄伟壮观的国家大剧院主体建筑表面安装了近2万块钛(Ti)金属板。已知Ti原子核内有22个质子，则下列叙述正确的是 4+ A(Ti可以表示一个钛原子 ,(Ti核外有26个电子 C(Ti,中含有氧分子 D(CaTiO属于金属氧化物 2,答案:A (2011年密云县一模)1(下列变化中，属于化学变化的是 答案:A (2011年怀柔区一模)12(下列粒子的结构示意图中，表示铝原子的是 答案:C (2011年怀柔区一模)20(在一个密闭的容器内有A、B、C、D四种物质，在一定条件下充分反应，测得反应前后各物质的质量如下: 物A B C D 质 反1 27 4 9 应前质量/g 反10.2.5 待9 应
9、后质量/g 6 测 试推断该密闭容器中发生的化学反应的基本类型 A(化合反应 B(分解反应 C(置换反应 D(复分解反应 答案:B (2011年平谷区一模)1.下列变化中，属于物理变化的是 答案:B A. 酒精燃烧 B. 矿石粉碎 C. 菜刀生锈 D. 葡萄酿酒 (2011年平谷区一模)3.下列物质中，属于氧化物的是 A. O B. PO C. NaOH D. CaCO 2253答案:B (2011年石景山区一模)1(下列变化中，属于化学变化的是 A(冰雪融化 B(木柴燃烧 C(大理石粉碎 D(湿衣服晒干 答案:B (2011年石景山区一模)12(下列物质的性质中，属于化学性质的是 A(硫为黄
10、色的固体 B(浓盐酸具有挥发性 C(白磷在空气中能自燃 D(二氧化硫有刺激性气味 答案:C (2011年石景山区一模)19(干冰升华变为气体的过程中，发生改变的是 A(分子的种类 B(分子的间隔 C(分子的大小 D(分子的化学性质 答案:B (2011年石景山区一模)27(6分)分类是认识和学习化学知识的一种方法。 ?有机物是一类数量庞大的化合物。有机物命名与它的构成规律紧密相关，如甲烷(CH)、4乙烷(CH)、丙烷(CH)，按此规律，丁烷的化学式为 ? 。下列化合物中，属于有机2638物的是 ? (填序号)。 A(ClO B(CHO C(HCO D(CHCOOH 26126233?元素化学性
11、质与最外层电子数有密切关系。氯原子的原子结构示意图为 ，下列原子中与氯原子具有相似化学性质的是 ? (填序号)。 A(氟 B(硫 C(钾 D(溴 ?很多非金属氧化物均能与碱溶液反应。二氧化碳与氢氧化钠反应的化学方程式为 ? ，二氧化硅(SiO)与氢氧化钠反应的产物是 ? (写化学式)。 2答案:? CHBD ? AD 410 ? CO + 2NaOH NaCO+ HO NaSiO和HO (2分) 2232232(2011年石景山区一模)28(5分)根据下面所示某反应的微观示意图回答问题。 X Y M N ?1个Y分子由 ? 构成。 ?生成M和N的分子个数比为 ? 。 ?反应前后发生改变的是 ?
12、 (填序号)。 A(原子数目 B(分子数目 C(原子种类 D(分子种类 ?在该反应过程中，化合价发生改变的元素有 ? 。 ?X和M的化学性质不同，其根本原因在于 ? 。 答案:? 一个氮原子和一个氧原子 ? 2:1 ?BD ?N和C ?分子不同(或构成分子的原子个数不同) (2011年顺义区一模)1(日常生活中发生的下列变化，属于化学变化的是 A. 蜡烛燃烧 B. 纸张粉碎 C. 冰雪融化 D. 酒精挥发 答案:A (2011年顺义区一模)2(生活中常见的下列物质中，属于纯净物的是 A(清澈的矿泉水 B(医用生理盐水 C(澄清的石灰水 D(透明的冰水 答案:D (2011年顺义区一模)10(压
13、瘪的乒乓球放入热水中重新鼓起，是因为球内的气体分子 A(体积增大 B(间隔增大 C(质量增大 D(个数增多 答案:B (2011年西城区一模)2(日常生活中的下列变化，属于化学变化的是 A(干冰升华 B(铁丝弯曲 C(西瓜榨汁 D(食物变质 答案:D (2011年西城区一模)3(下列物质中，属于纯净物的是 A(生铁 B(洁净的空气 C(蒸馏水 D(澄清石灰水 答案:C (2011年延庆县一模)3(生活中的下列变化，属于化学变化的是 A(冰块受热变为液体 B(熨斗通电后变热 C(吃进的食物被消化 D(樟脑球在衣柜中消失 答案:C (2011年延庆县一模)6(铝能制成铝箔是因为铝具有 A(延展性
14、B(导热性 C(导电性 D(抗腐蚀性 答案:A (2011年延庆县一模)11(下列物质的用途是利用其化学性质的是 A(铜线可用于制电缆 B(干冰可用于人工降雨 C(稀有气体可制成电光源 D(氧气可用于炼钢、气焊 答案:D (2011年燕山区一模)1(下列变化中属于化学变化的是 A(木柴做成桌椅 B(西瓜榨汁 C(冰雪融化 D(牛奶变质 答案:D (2011年燕山区一模)7(下列物质中,属于纯净物的是 A(白酒 B(加碘盐 C(钢 D(干冰 答案:D (2011年燕山区一模)11(下列物质中属于氧化物的是 A(C B(CO C(O D(HSO 60 22 24答案:B (英文版 ) easily
15、 blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the and , lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implem
16、entation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management , strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentratio
17、n of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the and is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline,
18、and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example
19、of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do comply with and . To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to the supervision of concept, and consciously safeguard and i
20、mplement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement , do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipl
21、ine a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to draw the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many
22、unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us thin
23、gs. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have enough time to reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Li
24、ve a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusioned after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise
25、noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helples
26、s, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny w
27、ise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, completely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Dont always take everything back to things, and dont get into a blind alley, dont want to face, dont be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded,
28、 a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, Im afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell dont 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find m
29、any good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depressed things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the go
30、od Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; heart tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can sympathize with you, have mercy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can
31、 understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people have youth, Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in
32、the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is often the most difficult to open ones mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also dont envy who. Lik
33、e a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfor
34、table, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, others may got you to comfort, but never know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, maam, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and
35、an exception is better to give than to what 13, dont envy him A sum of, dont lose your life and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things. 14,
36、 learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are, you cannot change also cant let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A woun
37、ding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut
38、up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7?
39、6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed
40、; how do you treat people, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life
41、, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappo
42、inted; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate of the end. Why is too rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of o
43、bsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sailing, please dont despair, the coast is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, life will always be endless trouble, please dont helpless, because they are still alive, is still
44、a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to get, must work to; but the most important is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is choose to be happy. The complex world like a Significance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, ou
45、tside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep knowledge of living it to pay the price. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the joy. Suffering and joy is their own choice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let th
46、e past be the past, let the future come. Life is really the end of the end of an eagle is flying wings, life is constantly pursuit. Dont miss to regret, dont wait for old just miss. Time to return, seize every moment, again painstakingly again tired also Those struggling to fly. 23, life could not Y
47、imapingchuan, even flat pavement, inevitably there will be a few pieces of roadblocks. Some of the rocks around the past, while others have to move it out. Just move others put the stone is very easy, because the stone from the appearance we can discern; difficult to myself to move away the heart of
48、 stone head. Leave time to spend with her, often reflect my heart, so as to remove your heart of stone. 24, everything does not have to be demanding, come to, everything does not have to care about, over the past; failing to do not frown, laugh it laugh. Results Dont demand, do to; life is a simple, calm and peaceful. Always not to choose their own path and regret, life is like a train, the scenery and then the United States will retreat, the passage of time