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1、Social Phobia It s n atural to feel n ervous, or shy in front of others at times. Most people man age to get through these moments when they need to. 71 It s probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. As a result, people feel uncomfortable participating in everyday social acti
2、vities. This is called social phobia (also called social an xiety). 72 It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunchroom, joining an after-school club, or going to a party. Sometimes, they even feel too n ervous to ask a questi on in class or go to a teacher for help. Social phobia not on
3、ly prevents people from trying new things. It also prevents them from making the no rmal, everyday mistakes that help people improve their skills still further. It is real ly sad, is n t it? But the good n ews is that people with social phobia can leann to man age fear, develop con fide nee and com
4、muni cati ng skill and stop avoidi ng things that make them n ervous. Of course it not always easy. Dealing with social phobia takes patienee, courage to face fears and the willingness to practice. 73_ Therapists (治疗师)can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and con
5、 fide nee to overcome it. And family or friends are especially importa nt for them. 74 _ Frie nds and family can en courage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remi nd them to go for it, and be there whe n they might feel discouraged. Good friends and family are there to celebrate each small succe
6、ss along the way. Little by little, some one who decides to deal with extreme shyn ess can learin to be more comfortable. 75 As shyn ess and fears begi n to melt, con fide nce and positive feeli ngs build. Pretty soon, the pers on is thi nking less about what might feel un comfortable and more about
7、 what might be fun. A. Frie nds can overcome their fears. B. But for some, the an xiety can be extreme. C. They are not able to make eye con tact with classmates. D. Social phobia makes people Ion ely or disappo in ted over missed opport un ities. E. It also takes a commitment to go forward rather t
8、han back away when feeling shy. F. Each small step forward helps build eno ugh con fide nce to take the next small step. G. The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try someth ing n ew. The Art of Slow Reading If you are readi ng this article in print, cha nces are that you
9、 will only get through half of what I have writte n. And if you are read ing this on li ne, you may not even finish a fifth. 36 They suggest that many of us no Ion ger have the concen trati on to read articles through to their con clusi on. So are we getting stupider? Actually, our online habits are
10、 damaging the mental power we need to process and understand textual information. Round-the-clock news makes us read from one article to the next without necessarily engaging fully with any of the content. Our reading is frequently interrupted by the noise of the latest email and we are now absorbin
11、g short bursts of words on Twitter and Facebook more regularly tha n Ion ger texts. 37 But we are gradually forgett ing how to sit back, thi nk carefully, and relate all the facts to each other. 38 A desperate bunch of academics want us to take our time while readi ng, and re-readi ng. They ask us t
12、o switch off our computers every so ofte n and rediscover both the joy of pers onal en gageme nt with printed texts, and the ability to process them fully. What sto be done then? Most slow readers realize that total reject ion of the web is extremely un real istic. They feel that getaway from tech n
13、o logy for a while is the an swer. 39 Pers on ally, I m no twhieher I could ever go offli ne for long. Eve n while writ ing this article, I am switching constantly between sites, skimming too often, absorbing too little. Internet reading has become too rooted in my daily life for me to cha nge. I re
14、ad essays and articles not in hard copy but as PDFs. I suspect that many readers are in a similar position. 4 _ You can download a computer application called Freedom, which allows you to read in peace by cutting off your Internet connection. Or if you want to avoid being disturbed by the Internet ,
15、 you could always download offline reader Instapaper for your iPhone. If you still readi ng my article, that is slow readi ng. A. The Internet is probably part of the problem. B. Now some campaig ns are advocati ng slow readi ng. C. These are the two findings from the recent research projects. D. Bu
16、t if you just occasi on ally want to read more slowly, help is at hand. E. Some of them have suggested turning their computers off for one day a week. F. Slow read ing can help connect a reader to n eighborhood and become popular. G. Because of the Intern et, we have become very good at collect ing
17、in formati on. 2016 北京 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unn ecessary dan ger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth task ing. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may hav
18、e to do with how our brains work. The reas on why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early huma ns. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 _ As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on generation to the n ext, huma ns en ded up with a sense of adve ntu
19、re and a tolera nee for risk. So why aren t we all jumping out of airplanes thenWell, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few dari ng survived, though, along with a few stay-i n-the-cave types. As a result, huma ns developed a range of character types that still exis
20、ts today. So maybe you love car raci ng, or maybe you hate it. 73 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks in creases duri ng your tee nage years.74To help you do that, your brain in creases your hun ger for new experie nces. New experie n
21、ces ofte n mean tak ing some risks, so your brain raises your tolera nee for risk as well. 75_For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the scienee of risk- s
22、eeking, we ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depe nds on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater cha nee of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is whe n you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference sta ndard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differe ntly whe n we face a n ervous situati on.