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1、高一学生数学学习习惯与方法的研究目 录 高一学生数学学习习惯与方法的调查研究 【内容摘要】本研究采用开放性问卷调查的方法对某少数民族地区高一学生的数学学习习惯和方法进行调查，分别就性别、班级和民族三个维度进行分析。结果表明:该地区高一学生在预习、自我提问、听课、做笔记、回答问题、合作学习、对待例题、做习题、做作业、复习、反思等习惯和方法上存在显著的性别差异，在预习、自我提问、听课、回答问题、主动提问、独立思考、合作学习、主动想象、对待例题、纠正错题、复习、总结、反思、对待数学试卷等习惯和方法上存在显著的班级差异，在制定学习计划、课外阅读数学、听课、主动提问、审题、对待例题等习惯和方法上存在显著
2、的民族差异。此外，大多数学生都没有养成制定学习计划、课外数学阅读、主动想象、系统复习、总结和反思等习惯。文章最后分析了出现这些差异性的原因，并提出了一些思考和建议。 【关键词】高一学生;学习习惯;学习方法;少数民族地区;数学 1 前言 我国著名作家巴金曾说过，孩子成功教育是从好习惯的培养开始的。良好的学习习惯对提高学生的学习成绩和学习能力有至关重要的作用，是否具有良好的学习习惯可以作为衡量学生是否学会学习的指标之一。既然学习习惯如此重要，教育工作者就应当引导学生努力求得良好的学习习惯。同时，rotary master common neurological disease pathogenes
3、is, clinical manifestations, diagnosis (localized and qualitative diagnosis), differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements (1) number of diseases and cases: the number of disease cases (?) 20 30 cerebral hemorrhage cerebral infarction after subarachnoid hemorrhage: report
4、of 5 5 of encephalitis meningitis in 5 10 10 3 migraines Parkinsons disease epilepsy sclerosis multiplex more than 5 2 spinal disease Guillain-Barre (Guillain-Barre) syndrome in 10 single neuropathy or multiple weeks Surrounding nerve 5 (2) basic skills required: name cases (?) standard full neurolo
5、gical physical examinations and locate 60 waist size 10 reading 20 EMG-EEG reading 20 skull and spinal CT reading 80 head and spine MRI reading 80 Department of Neurology . (2) clinical knowledge and high skills: basic standards on the basis of further a high standard of inflammatory and degenerativ
6、e diseases of the nervous system in pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. Familiar with common neurological diseases such as encephalitis, epilepsy, EEG; grasp the imaging of inflammation and degeneration of the nervous system, as well as t
7、he results of Transcranial Doppler examination of clinical significance. (3) foreign language, teaching, research and other requirements: can read professional foreign language documents and perform simple medical English 要实现学生从“学会”到“会学”的转变，除了需要良好的学习习惯之外，还要有一套行之有效的学习方法。高一阶段是学生培养学习习惯、探寻学习方法的关键时期，但是大多
8、数学生并没有意识到这一点。本研究通过对少数民族地区高一学生的学习习惯和学习方法现状的调查，对高一学生的学习习惯和学习方法在性别、班级和民族三个维度上的差异进行定性定量的分析，为如何培养良好的学习习惯和学习方法提供参考。 2 研究方法 2.1调查对象 本研究对广西来宾市某民族中学的高一年级291位学生进行问卷调查，其中重点班69人，普通班222人;男生121人，女生170人;瑶族123人，壮族130人，汉族38人。被调查学生大多数是少数民族学生，数学基础差距较大，能力遍布各个层次，因此，具有一定的代表性。 2.2调查工具、施测及数据处理 本研究设计了一份由20道开放性问题组成的问卷来调查高一学生
9、的数学学习习惯和学习方法(见表1-表20)。主要调查学生数学学习的制定学习计划、预习、课外数学阅读、自我提问、听课、做笔记、主动回答问题、主动提问、独立思考、合作学习、主动想象、审题、对待例题、做习题、纠正错题、做作业、复习、总结、反思、对待数学试卷的习惯和方法。 问卷施测是在被调查班级的自习课或晚自修上进行的，时间约30分钟。本次调查共发放问卷300份，回收有效问卷291份，回收有效率为97%。数据处理采用统计软件SPSS13.0进行统计分析。 aching, research and other requirements: can read professional foreign lan
10、guage documents and perform simple medical Englishnervous system, as well as the results of Transcranial Doppler examination of clinical significance. (3) foreign language, tef the r with common neurological diseases such as encephalitis, epilepsy, EEG; grasp the imaging of inflammation and degenera
11、tion oe nervous system in pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. Familiae and high skills: basic standards on the basis of further a high standard of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of thEEG reading 20 skull and spinal CT reading 80 h
12、ead and spine MRI reading 80 Department of Neurology . (2) clinical knowledg-g 20 EMGard full neurological physical examinations and locate 60 waist size 10 readinBarre) syndrome in 10 single neuropathy or multiple weeks Surrounding nerve 5 (2) basic skills required: name cases (?) stand-Barre (Guil
13、lain-ore than 5 2 spinal disease Guillainplex mnoid hemorrhage: report of 5 5 of encephalitis meningitis in 5 10 10 3 migraines Parkinsons disease epilepsy sclerosis multi1) number of diseases and cases: the number of disease cases (?) 20 30 cerebral hemorrhage cerebral infarction after subarachis),
14、 differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements (rotary master common neurological disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis (localized and qualitative diagnos2 3 调查结果 为便于统计和分析，研究者根据学生对20道开放性问题的回答情况，对各题的答案进行编码，形成了一个编码系统，并与指导老师唐剑岚博士共同讨论，不断完善编码系统。以下是各个题目的编码系统及调查
15、结果。 3.1高一学生数学学习的制定学习计划习惯与方法的调查结果 表1 第1题编码系统及数据 题目1:在课外学习中，你有制定数学学习计划的习惯吗,如果有，你是怎样制的, 22 重普2编总总瑶壮汉总 男 女 (df=1点通(df=1码 计 计 族 族 族 计 (df=2) ) 班 班 ) A.经常制定3 11 14 0.117 1 13 14 0.135 5 6 3 14 0.622 计划，并且能prese he basis of further a high standard of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the nervous sy
16、stem in pathogenesis, clinicaling 80 head and spine MRI reading 80 Department of Neurology . (2) clinical knowledge and high skills: basic standards on tEEG reading 20 skull and spinal CT read-ard full neurological physical examinations and locate 60 waist size 10 reading 20 EMGBarre) syndrome in 10
17、 single neuropathy or multiple weeks Surrounding nerve 5 (2) basic skills required: name cases (?) stand-lainBarre (Guil-eningitis in 5 10 10 3 migraines Parkinsons disease epilepsy sclerosis multiplex more than 5 2 spinal disease Guillainisease cases (?) 20 30 cerebral hemorrhage cerebral infarctio
18、n after subarachnoid hemorrhage: report of 5 5 of encephalitis mdis), differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements (1) number of diseases and cases: the number of rotary master common neurological disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis (localized and qual
19、itative diagnosd professional foreign language documents and perform simple medical Englishranial Doppler examination of clinical significance. (3) foreign language, teaching, research and other requirements: can reaTranscphalitis, epilepsy, EEG; grasp the imaging of inflammation and degeneration of
20、 the nervous system, as well as the results of ntation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. Familiar with common neurological diseases such as ence3 按时完成 B.有时制6 3 9 0.121 4 5 9 0.137 4 4 1 9 0.981 定计划 C.偶尔有，0.043但0 5 5 0.057 0 5 5 0.209 0 5 0 5 * 不能完成 D.0.349 0.359 0.364 没2
21、6 8 9 9 8 5 2 1 8 r with common neurological diseases such as encephalitis, epilepsy, EEG; grasp the imaging of inflammation and degeneration oe nervous system in pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. Familiae and high skills: basic standar
22、ds on the basis of further a high standard of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of thEEG reading 20 skull and spinal CT reading 80 head and spine MRI reading 80 Department of Neurology . (2) clinical knowledg-g 20 EMGard full neurological physical examinations and locate 60 waist size 10 readin
23、Barre) syndrome in 10 single neuropathy or multiple weeks Surrounding nerve 5 (2) basic skills required: name cases (?) stand-Barre (Guillain-ore than 5 2 spinal disease Guillainplex mnoid hemorrhage: report of 5 5 of encephalitis meningitis in 5 10 10 3 migraines Parkinsons disease epilepsy scleros
24、is multi1) number of diseases and cases: the number of disease cases (?) 20 30 cerebral hemorrhage cerebral infarction after subarachis), differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements (rotary master common neurological disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosi
25、s (localized and qualitative diagnosaching, research and other requirements: can read professional foreign language documents and perform simple medical Englishnervous system, as well as the results of Transcranial Doppler examination of clinical significance. (3) foreign language, tef the 4 有制定计划的习
26、惯 E.其10 15 25 0.867 5 20 25 0.648 9 13 3 25 0.738 他 * 显著性概率p0.05, *显著性概率p0.01, 下同 从表1可以看出男生与女生、重点班与普通班的学生在制定数学学习计划的习惯的各项答案上均不存在显著性差异，被调查者的回答集中在D项，选择其余选项的人数相对较少。结果表明:无论是男生还是女生、重点班的学生还是普通班的学生，都没有养成制定数学学习计划的习惯。而瑶族、壮族、汉族的学生在制定数学学习计划的习惯的C项答案上存在显著性差异，选择C项的瑶族和汉族学生人数均为0人，选择该选项的壮族学生仅为5人，显著性概率p=0.043。 3.2高一学生
27、数学学习的预习习惯与方法的调查结果 表2 第2题编码系统及数据 d professional foreign language documents and perform simple medical Englishranial Doppler examination of clinical significance. (3) foreign language, teaching, research and other requirements: can reaTranscphalitis, epilepsy, EEG; grasp the imaging of inflammation an
28、d degeneration of the nervous system, as well as the results of ntation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. Familiar with common neurological diseases such as enceprese he basis of further a high standard of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the nervous system in pa
29、thogenesis, clinicaling 80 head and spine MRI reading 80 Department of Neurology . (2) clinical knowledge and high skills: basic standards on tEEG reading 20 skull and spinal CT read-ard full neurological physical examinations and locate 60 waist size 10 reading 20 EMGBarre) syndrome in 10 single ne
30、uropathy or multiple weeks Surrounding nerve 5 (2) basic skills required: name cases (?) stand-lainBarre (Guil-eningitis in 5 10 10 3 migraines Parkinsons disease epilepsy sclerosis multiplex more than 5 2 spinal disease Guillainisease cases (?) 20 30 cerebral hemorrhage cerebral infarction after su
31、barachnoid hemorrhage: report of 5 5 of encephalitis mdis), differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements (1) number of diseases and cases: the number of rotary master common neurological disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis (localized and qualitative di
32、agnos5 题目2:在课外学习中，你有预习数学的习惯吗,如果有，你是怎样做预习的, 重普22 2总 总 瑶壮汉总编码 男 女 点通计 (df=1) 计 (df=1) 族 族 族 计 (df=2) 班 班 A.浏览课本内容，在不理解7 15 22 0.334 4 18 22 0.526 11 9 2 22 0.705 处标记，做练习 B.浏览课本内容、11 47 58 0.000* 22 36 58 0.004* 25 29 4 58 0.276 例题，做习题 C.大概浏览课本中35 50 85 0.928 24 61 85 0.244 29 41 15 85 0.125 的黑体字和例题 D.
33、没有预54 42 96 0.000* 14 82 96 0.010* 40 42 14 96 0.863 习的习惯 E.其他 14 16 30 0.551 5 25 30 0.338 18 9 3 30 0.114 从表2可以看出男生与女生在预习习惯的B项答案上存在非常显著的差异，选择B项的男生人数为11人，女生人数为47人，显著性概率p=0.000，aching, research and other requirements: can read professional foreign language documents and perform simple medical Englis
34、hnervous system, as well as the results of Transcranial Doppler examination of clinical significance. (3) foreign language, tef the r with common neurological diseases such as encephalitis, epilepsy, EEG; grasp the imaging of inflammation and degeneration oe nervous system in pathogenesis, clinical
35、presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. Familiae and high skills: basic standards on the basis of further a high standard of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of thEEG reading 20 skull and spinal CT reading 80 head and spine MRI reading 80 Department of Neurol
36、ogy . (2) clinical knowledg-g 20 EMGard full neurological physical examinations and locate 60 waist size 10 readinBarre) syndrome in 10 single neuropathy or multiple weeks Surrounding nerve 5 (2) basic skills required: name cases (?) stand-Barre (Guillain-ore than 5 2 spinal disease Guillainplex mno
37、id hemorrhage: report of 5 5 of encephalitis meningitis in 5 10 10 3 migraines Parkinsons disease epilepsy sclerosis multi1) number of diseases and cases: the number of disease cases (?) 20 30 cerebral hemorrhage cerebral infarction after subarachis), differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle
38、. 2. basic requirements (rotary master common neurological disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis (localized and qualitative diagnos6 结果表明:女生比男生在预习时更倾向于浏览课本内容，看例题，做会做的习题。选择D项的男生人数为54人，女生人数为42人，显著性概率p=0.000，结果表明:男生比女生更不具有预习数学的习惯。重点班与普通班的学生在预习习惯的B项答案上存在非常显著的差异，选择B项的重点班学生人数为22人，普通班学生人
39、数为36人，显著性概率p=0.004，结果表明:重点班的学生比普通班的学生在预习时更习惯浏览课本内容，看例题，做会做的习题。选择D项的重点班学生人数为14人，普通班学生人数为82人，显著性概率p=0.010，结果表明:普通班学生与重点班学生相比更不具有预习的习惯。瑶族、壮族、汉族的学生在预习习惯的各项回答上的差异性并不显著，其中，选择D项的学生人数最多，其次是C项。 3.3高一学生数学学习的课外数学阅读习惯与方法的调查结果 表3 第3题编码系统及数据 题目3:在课外学习中，你有阅读数学的习惯吗,如果有，你是怎样做阅读的, 22 重普2总总 瑶壮汉总编码 男 女 (df=1点通(df=1计 族
40、族 族 计 (df=2) 计 ) 班 班 ) A.阅读，并做2 2 4 0.731 0 4 4 0.262 1 3 0 4 0.438 相应笔记 Transcphalitis, epilepsy, EEG; grasp the imaging of inflammation and degeneration of the nervous system, as well as the results of ntation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. Familiar with common neuro
41、logical diseases such as enceprese he basis of further a high standard of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the nervous system in pathogenesis, clinicaling 80 head and spine MRI reading 80 Department of Neurology . (2) clinical knowledge and high skills: basic standards on tEEG reading 20 sk
42、ull and spinal CT read-ard full neurological physical examinations and locate 60 waist size 10 reading 20 EMGBarre) syndrome in 10 single neuropathy or multiple weeks Surrounding nerve 5 (2) basic skills required: name cases (?) stand-lainBarre (Guil-eningitis in 5 10 10 3 migraines Parkinsons disea
43、se epilepsy sclerosis multiplex more than 5 2 spinal disease Guillainisease cases (?) 20 30 cerebral hemorrhage cerebral infarction after subarachnoid hemorrhage: report of 5 5 of encephalitis mdis), differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. 2. basic requirements (1) number of diseases and c
44、ases: the number of rotary master common neurological disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis (localized and qualitative diagnosd professional foreign language documents and perform simple medical Englishranial Doppler examination of clinical significance. (3) foreign language, teac
45、hing, research and other requirements: can rea7 B.看一些12概26 40 0.363 9 31 40 0.846 11 8 40 0.093 4 1 念、公式 C.没有阅20.900 0.230 0.043* 读的4 1 5 7 8 5 3 7 5 5 习惯 D.阅读自己感兴趣4 3 7 0.398 0 7 7 0.135 4 3 0 7 0.518 的，不一定笔记 E(其0.002*7 8 15 0.682 3 12 15 0.729 7 6 5 15 他 * 从表3可以看出男生与女生、重点班与普通班的学生在数学课外阅读习惯的各项答案上均不存
46、在显著性差异，被调查者的答案集中在C项答案上，选择其余选项的人数相对较少，结果表明:无论是男生还是女生、重点班的aching, research and other requirements: can read professional foreign language documents and perform simple medical Englishnervous system, as well as the results of Transcranial Doppler examination of clinical significance. (3) foreign languag
47、e, tef the r with common neurological diseases such as encephalitis, epilepsy, EEG; grasp the imaging of inflammation and degeneration oe nervous system in pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principle. Familiae and high skills: basic standards on t
48、he basis of further a high standard of inflammatory and degenerative diseases of thEEG reading 20 skull and spinal CT reading 80 head and spine MRI reading 80 Department of Neurology . (2) clinical knowledg-g 20 EMGard full neurological physical examinations and locate 60 waist size 10 readinBarre)
49、syndrome in 10 single neuropathy or multiple weeks Surrounding nerve 5 (2) basic skills required: name cases (?) stand-Barre (Guillain-ore than 5 2 spinal disease Guillainplex mnoid hemorrhage: report of 5 5 of encephalitis meningitis in 5 10 10 3 migraines Parkinsons disease epilepsy sclerosis multi1) nu