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1、2012年高考真题理综(福建卷)化学解析版家长无忧论坛() 您的第二个家 6(下列说法不正确的是 A(易燃试剂与强氧化性试剂分开放置并远离火源 A(用湿润的红色石蕊试纸检验氨气 ,1C(在50ml量筒中配置0.1000mol?碳酸钠溶液 LD(金属着火时，用细沙覆盖灭火 解析:A项:燃烧过程是一个发生氧化还原反应的过程，易燃试剂作还原剂，在强氧化性试剂存在下，当温度达到可燃物的着火点就容易发生火灾，正确;B项:氨气是碱性气体，使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝，正确;C项:量筒不是精密仪器，配制0,1000mol/L碳酸钠溶液要用到容量瓶，不正确;D项:金属钠遇到水或二氧化碳都会发生反应，所以金属钠着火
2、时，用细沙覆盖灭火，正确。 7(下列冠以有机物的叙述正确的是 A(乙醇不能发生取代反应 B(有三中同分异构体 C104C(氨基酸、淀粉属于高分子化合物 D(乙烯和甲烷可用溴的四氯化碳溶液鉴别 解析:A项:乙醇和乙酸发生酯化反应，而酯化反应是取代反应中的一种，错误;B项:CH只存在两种同分异构体，一种是正丁烷，一种是异丁烷，错误;C项:氨基酸不属于410高分子化合物，错误;D项:乙烯可以使溴的四氯化碳褪色，正确。 8(短周期元素R、T、Q、W在元素周期表中的相对位置如右下图所示，其中T所处的周期序数与族序数相等。 A(最简单气态氢化物的热稳定性:RQ B(最高价氧化物对应水化物的酸性:QQR D
3、(含T的盐溶液一定显示酸性 解析:依题意可知;T是铝，Q是硅，R是氮，W是硫;A项:N的非金属性强于P，P非金属性强于Si，正确;B项:S的非金属性强于Si，正确; C项:同一周期，从左到右。原子半径依次减小，N的原子半径小于P，正确;D项:比如:偏铝酸钠的水溶液显碱性。错误。 9(将右图所示实验装置的K闭合，下列判断正确的是 家长无忧论坛 () 您的第二个家 家长无忧论坛() 您的第二个家 CuA(电极上发生还原反应 B(电子沿ZnabCu路径流动 ,2,C(片刻后甲池中c()增大 SO4D(片刻后可观察到滤纸b点变红色 解析:K闭合时，Zn当负极，铜片当正极构成原电池，使得a为阴极，b为阳
4、极，电解饱和硫酸钠溶液。A项:正确。B项:在电解池中电子不能流入电解质溶液中，错误;C项:甲-池中硫酸根离子没有放电，所以浓度不变。错误;D项:b为阳极，OH放电，使得b附近溶液显酸性，不能使试纸变红，错误。 10(下列说法正确的是 A(0.5mol与11.2L所含的分子数一定相等 OO32B(25?与60?时，水的pH相等 C(中和等体积、等物质的量的浓度的盐酸和醋酸所消耗的n(NaOH)相等 HD(2(g)+(g)=2(g)和4(g)+2(g)=4(g)的相等 SOOSOSOOSO223223解析:A项:题目没有指明在标准状况下，11.2L的O物质的量不一定为0.5mol，错误;B2项:水
5、的电离程度随着温度的升高而增大，25?的PH大于60?。错误;C项:等体积等物质的量浓度的盐酸和醋酸，虽然醋酸是弱电解质，但随着中和反应的进行，氢离子不断电离出来，最终氢离子的物质的量与盐酸的相同，正确;D项:?H与化学计量数成正比，错误。11(下列物质与水作用形成的溶液能与反应生成的是 NH3A(二氧化氮 B(钠 C(硫酸镁 D(二氧化硅 +解析:NH+HONH?HO+H ，只要能使平衡往正方向进行，而且在一定条件下温3422度升高或者氨水的浓度足够大就可能生成NH，A项:产生NO气体，错误; B项:钠消3家长无忧论坛 () 您的第二个家 家长无忧论坛() 您的第二个家 +而且该反应放热可以
6、产生氨气，正确;C项:不能产生氨气，错误;D项:二氧化耗了H硅可以与氢氟酸反应，跟其他酸很难反应，所以也没有氨气产生，错误。 12(一定条件下，溶液的酸碱性对光催化燃料R降解反应的影响如右图所示。下列TiO2判断判断正确的是 A(在0-50min之间，pH=2和pH=7时R的降解百分率相等 B(溶液酸性越强，R的降解速率越小 C(R的起始浓度越小，降解速率越大 -1-1molL，min D(在20-25min之间，pH=10时的平均降解速率为0.04解析:A项:在0-50min内，PH=2时，20min时，R已经降解完了，因此R平均降解速率计算按0-20min，而PH=7时，40min时，R已
7、经降解完了，因此R平均降解速率计算按0-40min，通过计算，正确;B项:，PH=2时大约在20min降解完，PH=7大约在40min降解完，但是起始浓度不相同，所以溶液的酸性与R降解速率没有直接联系，错误。C项:与B相同，-4-4-4错误;D项:PH=10时，在20-25min，R的平均降解速率为(0.6*10-0.4*10)/5=0,04*10mol-1-1?Lmin ，23(1)元素M的离子与所含电子数和质子数均相同，则M的原子结构示意图为 NH4(2)硫酸铝溶液与过量氨水反应的离子方程式为 。 2,NaSOH(3)能证明溶液中存在+O水解平衡的事实是 SO HSOOH，23233(填序
8、号)。 HSOA( 滴入酚酞溶液变红，再加入溶液红色退去 24B( 滴入酚酞溶液变红，再加入氯水后红色退去 BaCIC( 滴入酚酞溶液变红，在加入溶液后产生沉淀且红色退去 2CuXCuY(4)元素X、Y在周期表中位于同一主族，化合物和可发生如下转化(其中D22家长无忧论坛 () 您的第二个家 家长无忧论坛() 您的第二个家 是纤维水解的最终产物): 过量浓硝酸一定量的溶液NDaOH CuXCY,澄清溶液悬浊液u22?非金属X Y(填:“”或“”或:“”) 2+(2)基态的核外电子排布式为 。 Mn(3)硅烷()的沸点与其相对分子质量的变化关系如右图所示，呈现这种变化关SHin2n+2系的原因是
9、 。 m,(4)硼砂是含结晶水的四硼碳酸，其阴离子(含B、O、H三种元素)的球棍模型如右X下图所示: m,?在X中，硼原子轨道的杂化类型有 ;配位键存在于 原子之间(填原子的数字标号);m= (填数字)。 +m,NaX?鹏砂晶体由、和HO构成，它们之间存在的作用力有 (填序号)。 2A(离子键 B.共价键 C.金属键 D.范德华力 E.氢键 解析:(1)同周期，从左到右，总体上第一电离能逐渐增大(第二和第五主族例外)。则:铝的第一电离能小硅。 (3)硅烷是分子晶体，结构相似，相对分子质量越大，分子间的范德华力越大，沸点越高。 (4)?1,3,5，6代表氧原子，2,4代表B原子，利用中心原子价电
10、子对数n=键数22+孤电子对数，如果n=2 SP杂化，n=3 SP杂化。2号B形成3个键，则B原子为SP杂3化, 4号B形成4个键，则B原子为SP杂化;配位键存在4号上的B原子，m=5,?钠m-离子与X形成离子键，水分子间存在氢键和范德华力。 31.化学-有机化学基础(13分) 对二甲苯(英文名称p-xylene)，缩写为PX)是化学工业的重要原料。 (1)写出PX的结构简式 。 家长无忧论坛 () 您的第二个家 家长无忧论坛() 您的第二个家 (2)PX可发生的反应有 、 (填反应类型)。 (3)增塑剂(DEHP)存在如下图所示的转化关系，其中A是PA的一种同分异构体。 ?B的苯环上存在2种
11、不同化学环境的氢原子，则B的结构简式是 。 ?D分子所含官能团是 (填名称)。 ?C分子有一个碳原子连接乙基和正丁基，DEHP的结构简式是 。 (4)F是B的一种同分异构体，具有如下特征: a(是苯的邻位二取代物; 溶液显示特征颜色; b(遇FeCI3c(能与碳酸氢钠溶液反应。 写出F与溶液反应的化学方程式 。 NHCOa3解析:(2)苯环上可以发生取代和加成反应，甲基上可以发生取代反应，有机物一般都可以燃烧，因此易被氧化。(3)?A通过反应生成B，则A中含有苯环上有两个甲基，而且苯环上存在2种不同环境的氢原子，则A为邻二甲基苯。?D分子能发生银镜反应则含有醛基。?正向思维和逆向思维结合，则D
12、EHP的结构简为 (4)依题意得，则F结构中含有酚羟基，含有羧基，则F的结构简示为:，其与NaHCO3溶液反应的化学方程式为:家长无忧论坛 () 您的第二个家 家长无忧论坛() 您的第二个家 答案: 家长无忧论坛 () 您的第二个家 家长无忧论坛() 您的第二个家 (英文版 ) easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the and
13、 , lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily supervision and management , strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigat
14、ion of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthening supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for complia
15、nce with the and is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must be more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awaren
16、ess of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervision and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do comply with and . To firmly
17、 establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to the 家长无忧论坛 () 您的第二个家 家长无忧论坛() 您的第二个家 supervision of concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good a
18、t learning, the Constitution and the as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement , do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously in the ideological red line to draw the row Ming Good accumula
19、tion is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad things, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but with time, you
20、will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple life of precipitation, to have enough time to reflect, to mak
21、e Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but the wise answers; not disillusioned after the heart, such as
22、ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discontent of desire, 家长无忧论坛 () 您的第二个家 家长无忧论坛() 您的第二个家 some just a c
23、alm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving up is ignorance, do not give
24、 up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to attract trouble and worry, c
25、ompletely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Dont always take everything back to things, and dont get into a blind alley, dont want to face, dont be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a knife, I afraid to look back
26、and see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, Im afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell dont 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of mind, you will find many depress
27、ed things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7, people are tired, rest; hea
28、rt tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can 家长无忧论坛 () 您的第二个家 家长无忧论坛() 您的第二个家 sympathize with you, have mercy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each peop
29、le have youth, Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thi
30、ng is often the most difficult to open ones mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also dont envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is t
31、rue. The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own,
32、others may got you to comfort, but never know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, maam, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, dont en
33、vy him A sum of, dont lose your life and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things. 家长无忧论坛 () 您的第二个家 家长无忧论坛() 您的第二个家 14, learn to smile, learn
34、 to strong, the world you know so many people, so many people and you are, you cannot change also cant let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, t
35、he key is to control their own emotions. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of
36、ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16, life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7
37、toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat peo
38、ple, does not represent how others treat you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continu
39、ation, do not stop the struggle in the joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of 家长无忧论坛 () 您的第二个家 家长无忧论坛() 您的第二个家 suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most afraid of what all want to care about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate of the end. Why is too rigid, the natural, to