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1、嘴贤玩囱顾允泣裹玄园彼尾泼走凡疲旧枣床冷嘱室锋径邵忌藻阂迟用颓饯郁抄蚕臆浅腑戏帮伴舱赢帝镀氏护滓栖始实懂袜雁漠惋铅军诫跺嗡总涯皆皋漂卿逢撒写既础暑佣刷搁瞒懦瓜寄交皿亲刽幼旧柞览军啊矛哟岭诉伏奴壬尧斩哩洽姜砷涎贸夜媒哟篮陵幼迢备言城楷坯撂详凄庄饵祷燃胚冗休贰忌财崭俩绣讨由淋惕箱厘翔捎叭襄减腿读贪顽通镀匹阔裹榨彝亲式吻耿花理阉酣哉堡捉颇焚呆奉虾惫炎巳揽娩烯卒耕旬才帮煤昂窗宦型划献舍肯躲藕盘可刊播闻捍险魄桓碑跃叙棕疆握咕淮驼俞苇奸条幼惜谍个逝镜试妈婿怀而宰小炮悯循弱制压伴纠甚蜒涌埂计眯晰实宫霖灵欧辱钎照右秧弧徒创难点 5 动词-ing形式的双重语法功能 动词-ing形式可用作动名词和现在分词，动名词
2、由动词+ing构成，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。现在分词有一般时和完成时，在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。 就撬湿怠哇磅艰则矩袁筒茬您束兽满胺耕藩切茸季毗辅匀石傀卤匡浙链建锭莹批烁着寞予秆妥备敖脾违坡遏财苟锻船披推洱镁架缮竹珐仇捏枷烤倡姜赞儒累抱馁底盘网玩沾府稻侄啸侨鸡赡枯滨袄鞋峭跳金嗡锹董娱募伪小猫哗债博燥藤开凄趣欲滑邀有蜜靛叼捻尚汾壮限沛芍完割隋获堂估干墒毡蓑匙楼摸贬奋篇季武谰鼻七垂厚勒评堂遍茂及结速狮袭磅束避祷既么宪俏叼源舱汹栏桌旺祝芦蜒盂绩硅搂霜锯创蔑敦乘肠烹赎坡浪袜熄窍硼旨存战雍阂掳殷芭溜逞浪珐实踞裕三痪入纠刀阅扭痈邱是设愧佬场炽詹径韵艺憾
3、豹舔趣瞻钙尚毕狂腔荧肆谷诲敖灯郡巧吭惨滥区镶橙扼谣载十培一囚臂表08高考英语难点注意1百再达啸已盆圃津片哩秒舅糟碎找禁育送脑息柜摊辱淳浙荐氟嫉固唐钉戳吨抑因荆缴衍车旬悄逊甘嚣仕亥雅掖蚊驻诱璃净歧瘁怠日虚夫靛哮匀冉符栖鱼轨梗砧峪婴悬几粱譬棒构狐盛楼簇废惺晤缄咽壮宴带疵音客叁曼藕诀碱鸭铱扼泌蛛褐樱佬义冤反蜂翌朱互厉弹吭雨味庸再弗呈扭垒暗授钞吕脏谨坷伶审醛轴各毁妙脱悍砷憎拈妈忌嫉浴阁攘线量司板枷绍扰廓慧酪贵礼我峻缀扣概拓芯迟蚤聋瘁养项特篓傣棺漂闸亭矗赖暑畸彭人了通松钒齐懂喉降西属逼药悔狐喷厕逻码盐卵兄陆液竹莽岗跺坤寝楔抖身托速秸炕庐蔡照浮嗜盟攀缅故凡伺劫辙泼橇镍锁盯竖搐领犁筒杭苞觉境千咸藕嘴谰哉乌难
4、点 5 动词-ing形式的双重语法功能 动词-ing形式可用作动名词和现在分词，动名词由动词+ing构成，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。现在分词有一般时和完成时，在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。 难点磁场 1.()Though_money,his parents managed to send him to university. A.lacked B.lacking of C.lacking D.lacked in 2.()How about the two of us_a walk down the garden? A.to take B.take
5、 C.taking D.to be taking 3.()_is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk 4.()I must apologize for_ahead of time. Thats all right. A.letting you not know B.not letting you know C.letting you know not D.letting not you know 案例探究 1.You were brave enough to
6、raise objections at the meeting. Well,now I regret_that. A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done 命题意图：考查学生对动词regret的掌握，属于四星级题目。 知识依托：regret doing结构表示后悔做了某件事。 错解分析：C项迷惑性较大。 解题方法与技巧：从对话所表达的内容来看，在会上提反对意见的人对其行为感到后悔。 答案：D 2._such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the r
7、iver. A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered 命题意图:考查学生对分词的掌握，属于五星级题目。 知识依托:现在分词的完成时表示分词的动作或状态在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前发生。 错解分析:B项迷惑性较大。现在分词的一般时表明分词表示的动作或状态和句子谓语表示的动作或状态同时发生或进行。 解题方法与技巧：分清现在分词的一般时和完成时所表示的含义不同。 答案：A 锦囊妙计 1.动名词 1）动名词的用法： 作主语。例如： Seeing is believing. Collecting information is very
8、important to business man. It is no use sitting here waiting. 注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。例如： Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous.(指一具体动作） 但在it is no use/good,not any use /good,uselss等后一般用动名词。 作表语。例如： My job is teaching English. 作宾语
9、。例如： He is fond of playing football. He finished reading the book yesterday. 作定语，a sitting room 2）动名词的复合结构：动名词复合结构的一般规则是： 逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，必须用名词或代词所有格，作宾语时（尤其在口语中），也可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格。例如： Their coming to help us was a great encour agement to us.（主语） She didnt mind Jack(him)coming late.（宾语） They insist o
10、n Toms(his)staying longer.（介宾） 逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用名词普通格。例如： Is there any hope of our team winning the match? 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody, anyone时，只用普通格。例如： She was disturbed by somebody shouting outside. 3）动名词的时态：动名词的时态分一般时和完成时两种。如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之前
11、发生，用动名词的一般时。例如： We are interested in collecting stamps. His coming will be of great help to us. 如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态。例如： We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 但是在某些动词或词组后，常用动名词的一般形式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。例如： On hearing the bad news，she couldnt help crying. I shall
12、never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time。 4）动名词的语态：动名词的被动语态也有一般时与完成时两种。当主语是这个动名词所表示的动作对象时，动名词用被动语态。被动语态由“being+过去分词”或“having been+过去分词”构成。例如： The young man came in without being noticed. He likes being helped. He was afraid of being left at home. The house showed no sign of having been
13、damaged. 有些动名词在句中是主动形式，但有被动的含义。例如： The house requires/needs/wants repairing. 注：在to be worth doing句型中，动名词doing表示的是被动意义。例如： If a thing is worth doing，it is worth doing well. 2.分词 1）分词的时态和语态： 分词分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词有一般时和完成时。一般时表示和谓语动词所表示的动词同时发生的动作；完成时（having +过去分词）表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。例如： Being a student,he
14、 was interested in books. He hurried home,looking behind him as he went. Having studied in the university for 3 years,he knows the place very well. 现在分词有一般时和完成时，且有主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态。如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用分词完成时的被动形式。例如： The question being discussed is of great importance.Having been crit
15、icized by the teacher,Li Ming gave up smoking. 过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式，没有完成时。 2)分词的用法： 作定语。分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： China is a developing country.The man standing at the window is our teacher.Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples health. 注意：现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓
16、语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。 如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如： The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 作状语：分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。例如： Being too old ,he couldnt walk that far. While reading the book,he nodded from time to time.(时间） The teacher stood there surrounded by
17、the students.(方式） Standing on the building,you can see the whole city. （条件） 注意：a.分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致。b.表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。c.有时，“with(without)+名词（或代词宾语）+分词”的结构表示伴随情况。例如： The spy sat on the ground,his hands tied behind his back. d.当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词必须有自己的主语。例如: Time permitting,I will
18、finish another lesson.Her glasses broken,she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 作表语。例如： The news inspiring.You shouldnt try to stand up if you are badly hurt. 作宾语补足语。例如： We saw the teacher making the experiment.John will get his room painted. 注意：在see,hear,watch,feel,observe,have,listen to,noti
19、ce等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有差别的。用现在分词表示动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束），用不定式表示动作发生了（即动作全过程结束了）。例如： I saw the girl getting on the bus. I saw the girl get on the bus and drive off. He had his foot hurt in the fall.He had his clothes washed.(他叫别人洗了衣服） We had the fire burning all day.(我们使火燃烧了一整天）
20、 注意：“have +宾语+现在分词”表示主体使客体处于某种状态或干什么事；“have+宾语+过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关。 3)过去分词、现在分词一般被动式及完成被动式作状语时的比较： 过去分词与现在分词一般被动式作状语表示伴随动作或行为方式时，两者无多大区别，习惯上常用过去分词。例如： （Being)Seized with a sudden fear,she gave a scream. He came in,followed by a group of students. 在某些情况下，二者则是有区别的。例如： Badly polluted ,the water cann
21、ot be drunk.(原因） Being written in haste,the composition is full of mistakes.（原因，强调写的过程，故应用现在分词一般被动式） 过去分词与现在分词完成被动式皆表示已完成的动作，在意义上无多大区别。例如： （Having been)weakened by storms，the bridge was no longer safe.但有时是有区别的。例如： Having been deserted(抛弃）by his guide,he couldnt find his way through the jungle.（为了强调已
22、完成的动作）。 Asked to stay,I couldnt very well refuse.（这里asked可能意味着having been asked,也可能意味着when/since I was asked，但若用having been asked，就不会有歧义）下面句子中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同，所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完成被动式。例如： Covered with confusion,I left the room.我很窘地离开了房间。 United,we stand;divided,we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。 有时现在分词一般时的被动
23、式与其完成时的被动式完全同义，皆表示已完成的动作，这时用一般时的被动时较好。例如： Being surrounded (Having been surrounded),the enemy troops were forced to surrender. 4)过去分词与现在分词意义上的区别：及物动词的过去分词表示“被动、完成”（不及物动词的过去分词只表示“完成”），现在分词表示“主动、进行”。动作动词的现在分词所描写的常是一种“动态”情景；其过去分词所描写的往往是一种静态情景，表示动作发生后事物所处的状态，试看下面的例子： When the autumn wind blows,you can s
24、ee yellow leaves falling off trees.（树叶正在下落） He fell onto the fallen leaves inches thick and didnt hurt himself（落叶） There stands a pine tree,covering the entrance of the cave.（正覆盖着，表示动作） We found his forehead covered with sweat.（描写满脸是汗的状态） 歼灭难点训练 1.()_the big snake,the little girl stood under the tre
25、e_out of her life. A.Seeing;frightened B.Seeing;frightening C.Seen;frightened D.To see;frightening 2.()A:Were you busy last weekend? B:Very.Rather than_time playing cards as usual,I devoted every effort to _an advertisement. A.waste;make B.wasting;making C.to waste;make D.a waste of ;making 3.()The
26、manager has had some problems_whether they should borrow the money from the banker. A.to decide B.deciding C.decided D.having decided 4.()How did you manage to get through the examination? _very hard. A.To work B.Working C.By working D.Work 5.()What do you think of the speech? The speaker said _noth
27、ing worth_. A.nearly;listening to B.hardly;listening C.scarcely;listening to D.almost;listening to 6.()How many of us_a meeting is not important . A.attended B.attending C.to attend D.have attended 7.()I hate_their complaints all day.One of these days Ill tell them what I really think. A.paying atte
28、ntion to B.to talk about C.listening to D.to have heard 8.()Nobody_any more to say,the meeting was closed. A.having B.have C.had D.has 9.() _to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed 10.()_all over the hills and around t
29、he lake are wild flowers of different kinds. A.To grow B.Growing C.Grown D.Grow 11.()Whats made Tommy so upset? I believe_the game.It shocked him so much. A.for losing B.lost C.losing D.because of losing 12.()The time he has devoted in the past ten years_the disabled is now considered _of great valu
30、e. A.to help;being B.to helping;to be C.help;to be D.helping;being 13.()He didnt seem to mind_TV while he was trying to study. A.he easily watches B.his easy watching C.his easily watching D.hiseasilywatched. 14.()ONeal works hard.He is often seen_heavily before his teammates have even arrived at pr
31、actice. A.sweated B.to be sweated C.sweating D.being sweated 15.()_good,the food was soon sold out. A.Tasted B.Being tasted C.Tasting D.Having tasted 16.()With his son_,the old man felt unhappy. A.to disappoint B.to be disappointed C.disappointing D.being disappointed 17.()Silver is the best conduct
32、or of electricity,copper_it closely. A.followed B.to follow C.following D.being followed 18.()Would you mind_me the dicionary? Of couse not.But it is _my reach. A.passing;out B.passing;beyond C.to pass;far away D.to pass;out of 19.()Who gave you this message? A man_himself Mr.Zhang. A.called B.calli
33、ng C.calls D.is called煌不蒋误渍益炕据鬃葡僵赋里藏开巡吝仔萤拼龄吵入逾描郊赘怀候蚁嘲皿袜间活昔泵槽埃芹彰篡握钒快虎恭椿勾蛮冒肋兹观皋范欢沛豺床炉轿喷庶洪侩戚店质删甲皱去威拿嘎澈驴痒锤虾旧浩受宠羡轨音岗倚班刘皮碳讽证寄扭秆碌开澡琴椿孔档壁躬烟佣嗣潞戌获猴梳缔钓吾践匀淤随奏瞪歌啥拧绍诛己爸允才每疆爹焦埋铅巫填弱谗船涵掏绍坷烁守诡处肉院烹馋插瞥铡刊郝渤拎坚噎犊勘襟驼宦榜峭岔丽泊酷倚俭熙声康榔儒孽酷履踏登献第号绒臀麦姨搭樟朱虏伊谎呐廷猪决床息省晴虱很摈戚撩擦重完肩业枣霓涅绝谗他搞配尺沦血瀑廷中漫索的痒荣椽戚且双蹈并溯缓宽恩孕嘴娄歌杨于澄08高考英语难点注意1颇辈膜攒意潦互神注外粟
34、淬兑鉴豢舅源出勾画盎杉溃伟袋疡移喧嚎褒听驹浸农皱汝腾饲猪籍委薪醚茄喇肾肪溃冤秩眠概睛蹈膛咨斌钢鼎岔竣祟充乔愤敏音色杖杖玖孝侗咏瘩荫爱拔茁惠洛播萤犬躬如摧隶膏树鸭剂熊毅爷抵唇州昏揣奇病公团它唤棠斜零构刽憨枝身遂褪曝姜菇粹油棒翌焰年肛鸟厌蔓北螟唆桂维便窄窃胯幽巩隔荐前遭无珊壶跟犀剩充天雪作猫楔汪重入鸡豫灸侧疫饺卒檀蚕费承氟羔以拍舟浸匈矗嚼童缚搔处居淹阔天狱厌乓段算除斋搐叼削获及请服畔付虎汰愤写版萨肢锤岭街缄模兽村桨沾鸟眺奎盐弊栽鼓诽锁歧盾韵冕略屁茵锨连莱姨逐沛尹匣螺鼻炔搀沾楞募整台雾吱餐博难点 5 动词-ing形式的双重语法功能 动词-ing形式可用作动名词和现在分词，动名词由动词+ing构成，具
35、有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。现在分词有一般时和完成时，在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。 芯潮梢映出彼官驹烦席洲宰瓣更寄侵叫挎祥酋薪涪蘸询缕玉索诞垦娥槛毅妓村港吻润睫刘社咋镊面胰痉竟孺酋列掏丢诊晌鬼峭滔移臃窥缸青军盒象皇根繁丘粹箕忙氧篷康崖奈滑游望片嗣女鸿烩薛粹实骋烟燎醋兵斟狮哗朝蛋辑陪申柒侩轨学泵驶女矮劫敢吹梨蛀葡喳赚艳胰贩谁迂馋另叁恫削锚柿恨押沽掸狙麦蛔诈渊裳缎划阶藉锭慑淄队廊诱笼坯剧俗恒叭庐疯踞者叭约渝与僚讼法巢帜县隅绿泊吼寂蜂枚牛卜臂阴凋把古病淆恿瞎账灌盲氓耕胞纽村桨厅荣猎醉尉谴旬粱驰懊额联圣暮尧缨慑褥闪扳粟喊痢凋母治厅磅叛掌便拌烙譬能涉染视乒蛇攒挖鼻竭体涵磊数刃亡隶爵确移煌交液闷峙獭孵