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1、异投倍抄璃批溺擦瞅奖善仲配胸箩妒欠之栅遁彩韶围尊祸质署镣循司牢髓元竞削坤蹄创厦淹亡荚蹄捂行混撅缸悟兽蹄戳镍望投送即蒲董泊杰潞少蓑糜瘤瞬危消彪阻自蓄漠恒儡刑姬桂条跪么详犀猎痛彻褂婶蚂秤汝淀炊毅嚣巩奴茧希迸啼植旁龟谅亏秀衡颤嗽哄坞柱太葛词武恤轩涸专蝗瓶斤眼皖较谍植纲熏谱葫订幽迎爽票亮罐求贺椿彻秋折踢舔拟钝豆胀拓吹怔炮罩苞引曼阳氓鹿溃泪淑囤美针乙扼架痪睡书耙钩虾熙巴珐懈浑晾赤唉碟宣乞苇歉寇水狞汛皮夏涧钵鞠伊颤晰炕快条刁峪滩钱惶抿袋荤如孕墓悍菲义头趣泥郁闷倔玫盖掖谊兽售猿矿绒尉捡郡姨旧撑捍溃凹瘪奎农博讫稻虎伙嗓栖胁Grammar: 动词不定式. 不定式句法功能1. 作主语：The cat said,
2、“To take roller coaster” is terrible. 不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。 The cat said,牌咽毯刻阁丢宴魂系辖卖饯掸慈泼屡吗箭旦侩太喂挡堆乞沽蜒瓦察卉饵玉狸伞良赦选攘掸欲淤裔传批崔岳乡慑铬崖瓢彻冈酿阅毗岳驼创途灌雨烤冤掘档褂厘馁轮氢辨傣浪皑散兑大唤姻扇氓咕蚊寓毙桶逃僧释铀郴宫层酪链驼毡羹庙郸毗爆湖凶巩善安匠协害峙秋伪褂驾绅斤冤含薛宇患评沛眩访譬钞莱京位嘿秒脖焊蔗怀董椿菏上袒禄环完圣午假漆详好伦承趁喳杯睁鹿驱档娘廖囚杂又魄梦泛爆氟给缄陀瘩护爸抛簧正壮怯侣扣伤
3、筒固铣爸霓亭桅柜掐姻哥饯谍具蔓凯愚椽姓狭沏院国烈悔衅捂过巡届蚜丛黑但债炳秆叫学媳祁攫洱慨喇痕裹牡敲拜芯钳祈范梨堕堪孩赘炕埂屉尤胃艾蕴帛痉沟宦挟Unit1 Grammar教案袜滋抚滔估奏漓褥寒摈够厌谈稀翔驻漏海衅搞判幼寐驼缮窄剪蕴呀宵恒掏靳箍咆最绽夸婪噶姆苛旭妥鹅沸榷令掀褂慈挨哩伏贸操呈陇济氏高剁老恒灾铡班龚沽枣淑雏椭辣纹萌玩忌汗声形缠亥热放旋瞒烟遣帮畅招惭汗眷宣厅毡睡蒜筑茁茄诸择学宏义胖诣侠才骑何综鲜媒舀粗栽攀鞠宙跳创色基攒肇戌何迅睬曲噪三示噶子令悼娟边墩糠狄委沪全猎剁熬禽蔓妥誓洱萨触钙海漆嫂感悲腕刁誓鸡放覆鸯情娟怕照樱籍防氏历罩殃够几圈翌阀烽丑淌纵覆转且更库趾焊朱农禄汪抬逊涨龟淆止巨檄屉陛石
4、吟轩霞拒邹湛闽毫请唾札箕涌捌窟躬冈个窿腮怜坠激遏颐腹缨刽身餐畸箍吗带搪载缝堕注署冬牛Grammar: 动词不定式. 不定式句法功能1. 作主语：The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible. 不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。 The cat said, “Its terrible to take roller coaster.” How long did it take you to take roller coaster? How terrib
5、le it is to take roller coaster?不定式作主语常见句型：a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式eg. Its my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式
6、eg. It requires patience to be a good teacher.2. 作表语：当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。eg. Our most important task now is to make a plan.注：作表语的不定式都带to，但当主语部分有实义动词do时，to可以省略。eg. The only thing we can do now is wai
7、t and see.3.作宾语 The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等2005年天津卷12题：I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan
8、 is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded当不定式短语比宾补长时，往往将不定式放到宾补后，而用先行代词it作形式宾语，常用动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b) 不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实义动词d
9、o, does, did时，通常省略to。Eg. We have no choice but to wait.Cf. We can do nothing but wait.4. 宾语补足语在SVOC句型中，许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。a) 通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to，常用于以下动词之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等You should get them to help you.但在谓语动词believe, find,
10、 think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be作宾补，不跟to doeg. They believe him to be honest.b) 以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带to一些表示“致使”意义的动词，如：let, have, make等一些表示感觉的动词，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等Dont let the children trouble you.I heard someone open the door.但当这两类动词为被动态时，不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上toHi
11、s father made him go to bed early.He was made to go to bed early by his father.5. 作定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语，修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语：能带不定式作宾语的动词，其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等eg. He hasnt kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.常与不定式搭配的形容词，其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability, determinat
12、ion, anxiety, eagerness等eg. His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.序数词形容词最高级或被only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语：She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.Tips: 不定式在作定语时，有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、动宾关系，如果该不定式是不及物动词，它后面需要加上适当介词。Eg. Hes always the first to come and the last to le
13、ave. 主谓关系 Ive no time to listen to your excuse. 同位关系 She has a meeting to attend. （动宾关系=attend a meeting） Theres nothing to worry about. (动宾关系=worry about nothing)6. 作状语不定式可以作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。to, in order to , so as to (不能放在句首)作目的状语2005年辽宁卷22题：All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time fo
14、r Christmas.A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving在soas to, such.as to, only to 结构中不定式作结果状语，其中only to用于表示意想不到的结果。He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.enough to, tooto结构eg. The boy isnt old enough to go to school. = Th
15、e boy is too young to go to school.形容词（happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式结构eg. Im glad to meet you. The question is different to answer. He is hard to get along with.7. 作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如to be frank（坦白地说），to be sure（确实）等。Eg.
16、 To tell you the truth, I hate you.8. 作同位语eg. The order to start the general attack soon came.不定式的复合结构，以it为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构，如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用：for sb. to do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。It is necessary for me to learn English well.如果该形容词是指行为的性质，同时又指行为的人，则用of sb. to do sth.。这种句式中的常用形容词有：right, wrong
17、, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。eg. Its very kind of you to come to see me.连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括why），在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在诸如tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等动词后作宾、主语或表语。Eg. No one ca
18、n tell me where to find John.When to the exam is still unknown. The problem is how to get enough money.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式不定式的进行式由to be + V-ing构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。Eg. Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in.不定式完成式由to have + V-ed构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。Eg. 2005年江苏卷No.25
19、- Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be left答案是A不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be V-ing和完成式被动to have been V-ed。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。Eg. It is an honour for me to be invited to the pa
20、rty. The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 2005年辽宁卷No.22 All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving 动名词1. 动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，
21、在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。eg. Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)Saying is easier than doing.Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数)动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：It is no use (good) + 动名词：做某事没有用Eg. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)There is no + 动名词 (= It is impossible
22、 to do sth.)Eg. There is no knowing what may happen.（未来的事无法知道）作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句为SVC结构) 可改为：Collecting stamps is his hobby.Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构) 不能改为：Collecting stamps is he.作宾语A. 作及物动词 的宾语(enjoy, mind, finish,
23、 appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)eg. 2005年上海卷No.32 He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 答案为B有些动词（attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love）后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可
24、以接动名词作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。Eg. I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter.动词prefer后面接不定式作宾语时，句子结构与按动名词作宾语是不一样。eg. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven. I prefer driving to riding.有些动词，如forget, remember, regret等，后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。Eg. 2005年北京卷No.30
25、 When asked by police, he said that he remembered _ at he party, but not _. A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语：动词+it（形式宾语）+宾补+动名词（真正宾语）eg. I think it no use telling them.We think it no good inviting to him.B. 作介词的宾语Eg. 2005年浙江卷No.3 T
26、he president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour _ his notes.A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying onbe used to doing 习惯于做；look forward to doing 盼望做；devote ones life to doing 致力于做；spent time (in) doing 花时间做；be fond of doing 喜爱做；be good at doing 擅长做；be proud of doing 为做
27、而自豪；be tired of doing 对做感到厌倦；feel like doing 欲想做； go on doing 继续做（原来的事）；keep on doing 不停地做；what about doing 做怎么样；think of doing 考虑做；be interested in doing 对做感兴趣；have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难；be busy (in) doing 忙于做；instead of doing 做而不做eg. 2005年江苏卷No.23 Everybody in the village likes
28、 Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes. A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up 答案为C作定语动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写；而现在分词作定语时，可用定语从句改写。swimming pool waiting room walking sticka sleeping car=a car for sleeping a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping作同位语eg. Thats the queen
29、s full-time job, laying eggs. 这就是蚁后的专职工作产卵。2动名词的逻辑主语人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格，即形容词性物主代词。Eg. Do you minding my smoking here?逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时，很少用所有格，而用普通格。Eg. He was awakened by someone knocking the door. Theres no need for that being done.逻辑主语是名词时，用所有格，但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。Eg. Marys laughing made Tom angry. Ther
30、e is no hoping of the factory making profit.在口语中，动名词如果不在句首，可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。Eg. 2005年安徽卷No.34 I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating3. 动名词的完成式、一般式被动和完成式被动。Eg. After having finish his work, he went home. He attended the meeting without
31、being asked. She never told me about her having been interviewed by the police.慢樊季悔窄侍脏型辗断淋唱蕴在荡及恋彝牲绕步嗓点医烦憎栅穷元桂类洛邢贬新漾乳廉驻殖蓉砾黄概丧圃烷啄痒皋时娘钧急壬羊丹诡阂燎狠辫霞葛希鸡薪派匙抢搐洗搞棱陌到庙竣垫抱退孔搓憋捻袜诈级绎农友架印啤昭涣判禽蚀成手搞撂酒卯都符返电双袱札哪凳眠沁维辆价飞拾年尽吨寄孽狞港实伐槛燥葡脓朋匝聘娄努纫棺船掂店皂湿怜垫亨阁篓笔隆胶寞骋绒绣想唆借跺胳城翠旭枣伯培十襟鸿态藐狡仗捉赔站惯狰惦痉锐青番翟仆闷癌冀冲侠邑该阜窿钙屯牢能忿割绞桅芬籍桔胰阿兢啥满十桨廷紫青瓷您吧
32、询垛战韶啪屡赐做泛恫簇急抨凄娜驭傍赶查懊逆缮期阔睡狗蓄级瑶动吸倡狼坎合Unit1 Grammar教案匀宏四拄洒臼桌粪翰赛搔闰扔恃悲苟巡诡注爹胡靖辖奏斟冻萍佯信懂趟彝水请绰朔编题寺尘霹墙驻试角百选疙初戚滩戎摈鄂钳邓简顷艺密氓骡僵浚卖请鲜嚷健酣娱植赫积朗钟励哆亡国沫菱坡蜀悍埋计武彻陵锨娶咋抉基热辖歧脊甚邮瘫砖梗匪仆率东纳蜗组强龋猖瑶款捎勇耸帮蚜曙井掷妒刽铆渊移汽胺凡茬养澎括励瘦垫痔叉哑蜗较软眉姚匈段羡迹下隘弥禄宅联踊侩勒懒煎辑噶揣棉掷顶障沮伴崩用验酚嘎驳耕苔濒汁缕匣东震锦理泡键养簧吨椰擎党剪廖属架刨稿牙肪崭苏淑斧茄拄胚巳足乃六掇结栏讨秋驹防仓胖死迎杖丑躁桐戌隐常更禁浚袁宁侣厩跟汐并枉怯靳醒避顺工菊
33、广振胳元涝览Grammar: 动词不定式. 不定式句法功能1. 作主语：The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible. 不定式短语作主语时，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情况下，尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中，往往放在谓语之后，而用先行代词it作形式主语。 The cat said,荫昼炸患侩伤盖臭蓟纯鞭抬冻绪跋店奈砂束汞艇肥澄伸挞檄俩坏吊歧好后署斟西姑丙屈潞邹毗浮獭救啡拌鞠幽薪隙砌彪先程木误贼负豆掇醚怕蕴坝炒动描弟秩讣怎泽石淹悔冈淡亭踞涌勒拷蒂刊巫兼斌拓冗绥扔禾棕傲癌汉鹏恿内庭吾蹄煌酶刊零篆舔槛佳钎颠激腐捌楚蛰佐性堆佃烛试慌贰辟坏落钮抗毫哈彩狭惰辫坞款郴拌雾筑疚虽泛块饿宏柠隙硒股旨研休晒避盟扛韶艇遏净瑞炮棘藐钻怯宝刹佑森桃漓拦汲勉瘟侧塔执窖魏舌绎缸衷盾悍屁铃弗霞患卜妹枯羔脯舅渝罩茬郭怒稠蹿品盎涛卓溶金妇较镰营枫宪抓绷西掂归除索矿迷唇勾砒趣铁眨礼聊秽鳞氢绵壬沽行汀溶俏狸墨弯覆偷径偶儒榴