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1、简单句“师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。说文解字中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于史记，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。
2、今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。 概念：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句。死记硬背是一种传统的教学方式,在我国有悠久的历史。但随着素质教育的开展,死记硬背被作为一种僵化的、阻碍学生能力发展的教学方式,渐渐为人们所摒弃;而另一方面,老师们又为提高学生的语文素养煞费苦心。其实,只要应用得当,“死记硬背”与提高学生素质并不矛盾。相反,它恰是提高学生语文水平的重要前提和基础。 一，根据句子的结构分类： 唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武
3、事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。 主谓 The sun is rising. The train has left. 主系表 we are stud
4、ents. The fish has gone bad. 主谓宾 she is writing a letter. 主谓间接宾语+直接宾语 she gave me a book. He told us a lie. 主谓宾+宾补 he made us laugh. I hear someone singing. there be句型 there is a book on the desk. There are 50 students in our class.二，根据句子作用分类：陈述句，疑问句，祈使句，感叹句1， 陈述句用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法。 肯定式My daughter has
5、graduadted from school. 否定式1),be和助动词will, have情态动词can, shall, should后直接加not.Mike will not go there.2),行为动词，借助dont ,doesnt, didntShe didnt come to school yesterday.3)注意：all both与not 连用表半否定All these books are not mine.这些书并非都是我的。2， 疑问句分为四种，一般疑问，特殊疑问，反义疑问，选择疑问。1），一般疑问句用yes, no来回答。Is she a teacher?Yes ,
6、she is.2)，特殊疑问句When will you go to visit the Great Wall?Who is in the room?（who作主语）Why don”t you ?表建议3), 反义疑问句分俩类：陈述句+疑问部分（前肯定后否定;前否定后肯定）He doesnt like sports, does he?注意：前有否定词缀时，He dislikes sports,doesn”t he?前含有never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nothing,等否定词时，He hardly knows English ,does he?前有I don”t
7、think (believe,suppose,expect)时，I don”t think he can finish the work,can he?She thinks I can finish the work,doesn”t she? 肯定式+肯定疑问祈使句时Have a cup of tea , will you?Lets go there, shall we?请对方证实Your bike is outside, is it?反义疑问句的回答，事实肯定用yes,事实否定用noJapan is in Europe ,isn”t it?No ,it isn”t.Japan isn”t i
8、n Europe,is it?No ,it isn”t4），选择疑问句Do you go to work by bus or by bike?3， 祈使句表示命令，请求，建议Get up.Come in, please.Dont be afraid.Lets go homeDont let the dog come into the room.4,感叹句How引导.（修饰形容词或副词）What 引导（修饰中心词是名词，前可能有形容词修饰）How fluently he speaks English!What fine weather!注意冠词位置：What a moving story!How
9、 moving a story！三，句子成分主谓宾定状补，表，同位语1,主语句子所说的人和物We get up at six in the morning.2,谓语说明主语的动作或状态,动词充当He plays football on Sunday .3,宾语谓语动词的动作对象，介词后，或动词后The flood destroyed many houses.分俩种，指人的是直接宾语，指物的是间接宾语My parents gave me a present on my birthday.4,定语用来修饰名词，意思是“.的”The book on the desk is mine.That is
10、an interesting story.Is there anything that I can do for you?5,状语修饰动词，或形容词，或句子，表时间，地点，原因，目的，程度，结果等When I got to the station, the train had left,She comes here to borrow some books.6,宾语补足语位于宾语后，补充说明宾语The bad news made her sad.7,表语系动词后，We are happy.The music sounds nice.He became a teacher at the age
11、of 20.8,同位语说明前面名词表示的具体内容We students must study hard.9,there be 句型注意主语后定语的结构There is a man waiting for you .There were 20 people killed in the accident.There is something important to deal with.辨析：There be:某地有某物Have:拥有There are 4 members in my family.I have a brother and a sister.简单句练习题一、 划分句子成分1. My
12、 brother hasnt done his homework. A B C2. The old man was feeling very tired. A B C3. She was the first to learn about it. A B C D4. There was a big smile on her face. A B5. He began to learn English when he was young.A B C D6. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D7. She found it difficult to do the
13、 work.A B C D E8. People all over the world speak English. A B C D9. They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D E10. She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D二、 变换句型1. He did his homework last night. （变否定句）2. Robert is a student. （变否定句）3. It is cold on the moon at night. （变一般疑问句）4. We had a phy
14、sics test last Wednesday. （就划线部分提问）5. She has supper at six. （变反意疑问句）三、 单项选择1. he gave you!A. what good advice B. how good adviceC. what a good advice D. how good advices2. -didnt you enjoy the performance last night?-_.it was less wonderful than expected.A. Yes, I did. B. Yes ,I didntC .No ,I didnt
15、 D. No, I did3.It is the third time that Jhon has been late,_? A.Hasnt he B.isnt heC.Isnt it D.hasnt it4.Tom _swimming in cold water.A.not like B.likes notC.doesnt like D.does like not5.wait a minute_? A.shall you B.will you C.do you D. dont you6. The suits finished_?A.Dont it B. isnt itC.Havent it
16、D.dont you7.i dont think he will come to our party_? A. will he B. wont he C.does he D. do i8._down the radio! The baby is asleep in the next room.A.Turning B. To turn C.Turning D.Turn9.since you have repaired my tv set,_ is no need for me to buy a new one. A.It B.there C. this D. that10. she set ou
17、t soon after dark _home an hour.A. Arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived11. she dislike this skirt_? A. Doesnt she B. doesnt sheC. Isnt she D. is she12. -_ is your father.-he is a teacher in a middle school.A. What B. who C. which D. where13. -how is your father? -_?A .He is fine, thank you!B. He is only 40.C. He is a driverD. He likes football best.14.-_have you been away from home? -I have been away from home for five months. A. How much B. how long C. What time D. when15. lets take a rest,_? A. Will we B. shall we C. Shant we D. wont we答案：15 ACCCB 610DADBD 1115BAABB第 10 页