[其他语言学习]Sentence英语四级动词语态详解.doc

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1、 本文由蒲了蛾子贡献 doc文档可能在WAP端浏览体验不佳。建议您优先选择TXT,或下载源文件到本机查看。 一、动词语态详解 语态是动词的一种形式,它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。 英语有两种语态, 主动语态和被动语态, 主动语态是谓语动词动作的执行者,被动语 态是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如: 1.I have repaired the radio. 我修好了收音机。 2.The radio has been repaired 收音机被修好了。 3.The students cleaned the classroom 学生们打扫了教室。 4.The classroom the stud

2、ents. 教室被学生们打扫了。 被动语态考试*大的构成:be + 过去分词 1.A building was damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。 2.Our plate was made in China. 我们的盘子是中国生产的。 3.My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被盗了。 常用的被动语态的时态变化如下,以 ask 为例: 现在 I am asked, , I have been asked 过去 I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked 将来 I shall be asked, I

3、shall have been asked 过去将来 I shall be asked 被动语态的疑问句是把助动词提前到句首。 1.Has your TV set been repaired? 你的电视机修了吗? 2.Was the kite broken? 风筝破了吗? 3.Has the work been done? 工作结束了吗? 被动语态的否定式是在助动词后面加 not. 1.The letter has not been sent out. 信还没有发出去。 2.The little boy has not been found out. 小孩还没有找到。 3.The cap ha

4、s not been mended yet. 帽子还没有补好。 4.Their money has not been sent to them. 他们的钱还没有送到他们手 二、方式状语从句讲解 常由 as, (just) asso, as if, as though 引导。 1)as, (just) asso引导的常位于主句后,但在(just) asso结构中位于句首,这时 as 从句带有比喻的含义,意思是正如,就像,多用于正式文体,例如: 1.Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。 2.As wa

5、ter is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。 3.Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。 2)as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与 事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿 佛似的,好像似的,例如: 1.They completely ignore these facts as

6、 if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与用虚拟语气。) 2.He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷考试*大击了似的。(与用虚拟语气。) 3.It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。) 说明:as if / as though 也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如: 1.He stared at

7、 me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我,就像第考试*大一次看见我似的。 2.He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。 3.The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒 三、常见的倒装结构 (一)、 英语中构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外), 通常须使用倒 装结构,这是语法结构的需要。例如: 1.When are we going to drink to your happ

8、iness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒? 2.Have you seen the film? 你看了那部电影吗? 3.Have you anything like that? 在美国英语中常见 4.Do you have anything like that? 你有那样的东西吗? (二)、以副词 here,there,off,out,away 等开头的句子,主要是表示感叹语气的句 子,当其主语为名词时,通常要使用倒装。例如: 5.Here comes our teacher! 你们的老师来了! 6.Away went the boy to the school 那男孩子到学校里去了! 7.Of

9、f goes the woman! 那个女人走了! (三)、当构成关联从属连词 sothat 的 so 位于句首时,往往要使用倒装结构。例如: 8.So loudly did the students read that people could hear them out in the street. 同学们大声读书,人们在街上都听得见(他们的读书声)。 9.So small were the words that he could hardly see them. 字那么小,他几乎看不见。 (四)、以引导词 there 开头的句子,须使用倒装结构。例如: (A) 表示“有”之概念的“The

10、re be 主语” 结构: 10.There are three books on the desk. 桌上有三本书。 11.There were something in the box. 箱子里有东西。 (B) 用于正式文体,特别是文学作品中的 there不及物动词十主语 结构,当主语 不明确而名词短语时,往往使用这种结构: 12.There entered a strange little man.走进来一个奇怪而身材又矮小的人。 13.Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前,海边的一 个村子里住着一位老渔

11、夫。 在叙述性和描绘性的书面语中, 这种结构若带有地点状语, 而且把这种状语放在句首时, 可以用省略 there 的倒装结构。例如: 14.In the cottage lives a family of six 在这幢小茅舍里住着一家六口。 (五)、当平时一般不放在句首的状语,为了强调起见而放在句首时,使用倒装结构。例 如: 15.Near the bridge was an old cottage. 在桥的附近有一幢古老的小茅舍。 16.Well do I remember the day I saw a wild tiger. 见到一只猛虎的那一天,我记得很清楚。 (六)、 当直接引语的

12、一部分或者全部位于句首时, 引述分句的主语又是名词或名词短语, 该引述分句常用倒装结构。例如: 17.What shall we do? said the teacher. “我们怎么呢?”老师说。 18.Great! said my father. Ill go there. 好极了! 我父亲说。“我将到那里去。” (七)、 某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首, 以构成倒装结构。 例如: 19.No matter how interesting the book is,he doesnt like to read it. (语序是:No matter how表语十主语十系动词

13、be)不管这本书多有趣,他都不想看。 20.However hard a solid change its shape. (语序是:However+表语+主语+系动词 be)不管一个固体有多硬,我们都可以改变其形 状。 21.Young as he is, he knows some of the family secrets. (语序是:表语十 as代词作主语十系动词 be)尽管他年纪小,他却知道家里的一些秘 密。 22.Difficult as the work was (或:Difficult as was the work),it was finished in time. (语序是:

14、表语十 as 十名词作主语十系动词 be,或:表语as系动词 be名词作主 语)工作虽然困难,还是及时完成了。 注 1) 用 as 引导的让步状语从句,表语应放在 as 之前(例 20 和例 21);如果主语是代 词,主语就要放在系动词 be 之前。例 20;如果主语是名词,则主语可以放在系动词 be 之 前或后, 如例 21。 用 as 引导的让步状语从句中, 2) 如果谓语是“助动词+主要动词原形”, 则应把主要动词原形放在 as 之前,其语序为:主要动词原形as主语十助动词。例如: 23.Try as I might, I could not lift the stone. 尽管我用尽力

15、气,我还是举不起这块石头。 (八)、有些表示“感叹、祝愿”等语气的句子,也可使用倒装结构。例如: 24.Isnt it cold! 天气真冷! 25.Was I surprised! 我真感到惊奇! 26.May both be happy! 祝你们两位幸福! 总之,使用倒装结构的情况比较复杂,不可能在有限的篇幅内作出详尽的介绍与论述。 究竟何时使用倒装结构,归结起来不外两点:一是语法结构需要时用;二是表示强调时用。 四、语法权威解析 句子“主语+谓语”的顺序排列,叫自然语序。谓语在前,主语在后,叫倒装语序。倒 装语序又分两种: 整个谓语在前, 叫完全倒装, 部分谓语(情态动词 助动词 联系动

16、词)在前, 谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后,叫部分倒装。 (一)完全倒装 在下列情况中,句子需要使用完全倒装: 1 在 there, here 引导的句子中,谓语是 be, exist 等表示状态的不及物动词。如: Here are coats for young people. 这有年轻人穿的大衣。 2 在副词 now then thus 引导的句子里,谓语是 come ,follow ,begin, end 等。如: Now 该你了。 Thus ended the meeting.会议就这样结束了。 3 在 long live 等表示祝愿的句子里。如: Long live the people

17、s Republic of China 中华人民共和国万岁。 4 在地点谓语提前,谓语是 come, be, stand, sit, lie 等动词的句子里。如: From a speaker on the wall comes the doctors voice. 从墙上的扩音器里传来医生的声音。 5 在谓语是 be,表语提前的句子中。如: So busy is the dentist that he has no time to spare he. 这个外科医生这样忙以致抽不出一点儿时间来。 Nearby were two canoes in which they had cine to

18、the island. 附近有二条独木舟,他们就是坐这个独木舟来的。 6 在不带 if 的虚,谓语动词是 be 的句子里。如: Were I in your position, I would ask him about the matter. 我要是处于你那样的位置,我就要问问他这件事。 (二)部分倒装 在下列情况中,句子需要使用部分倒装: 1. 在以 may 开头的表示祝愿的句子里。如: May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风! 2. Neithernor连接的两个句子都要倒装,not onlybut also连接两个句子时, not only 后面的句子要

19、道倒装。如: Not only did he teach school, but he wrote novels. 他不但在学校里教书,而且还写小说。 3. 在不带 if 的虚拟条件状语从句中(谓语动词是 be 的句子除外)。如: Had I known the answer, I would have told you. 我要是知道这个答案就告诉你了 God works. 上帝的安排。 Not so bad. 不错。 No way! 不可能! Dont flatter me. 过奖了。 Hope so. 希望如此。 Go down to business. 言归正传。 Im not goin

20、g. 我不去了。 Does it serve your purpose? 对你有用吗? I dont care. 我不在乎。 None of my business. 不关我事。 It doesnt work. 不管用。 Your are welcome. 你太客气了。 It is a long story. 一言难尽。 Between us. 你知,我知。 Sure thin! 當然! Talk truly. 有话直说。 Im going to go. 我這就去。 Never mind. 不要緊。 Why are you so sure? 怎么这样肯定? Is that so? 是这样吗?

21、Come on, be reasonable. 嗨,你怎么不讲道理。 When are you leaving? 你什么时候走? You dont say so. 未必吧,不至于这样吧。 Dont get me wrong. 别误会我。 You bet! 一定,当然! Its up to you. 由你决定。 The line is engaged. 占线。 My hands are full right now. 我现在很忙。 Can you dig it? 你搞明白了吗? Im afraid I cant. 我恐怕不能。 How big of you! 你真棒! Poor thing! 真

22、可怜! How about eating out? 外面吃饭怎样? Dont over do it. 别太过分了。 You want a bet? 你想打赌吗? What if I go for you? 我替你去怎么样? Who wants? 谁稀罕? Follow my nose. 凭直觉做某事。 Cheap skate! 小气鬼! Come seat here. 来这边坐。 Dinner is on me. 晚饭我请。 You ask for it! 活该! You dont say! 真想不到! Get out of here! 滚出去! How come 怎么回事,怎么搞的。 Don

23、t mention it. 没关系,别客气。 It is not a big deal! 没什么了不起! thousand times no! 绝对办不到! Who knows! 天晓得! Have a good of it.玩的很高兴。 Dont let me down. 别让我失望。 It is urgent. 有急事。 Can I have this. 可以给我这个吗? It doesnt take much of you time. 这不花你好多时间。 Drop it! 停止!Bottle it! 閉嘴! There is nobody by that name working her

24、e.這裡沒有這個人。 Easy does it. 慢慢来。 Dont push me. 别逼我。 Come on! 快点,振作起来! What is the fuss? 吵什么? Still up? 还没睡呀? It doesnt make any differences. 没关系。 It is a deal! 一言为定! Take a seat! 请坐! Here ye! 说得对! It can be a killer. 这是个伤脑筋的问题。 Dont take ill of me. 别生我气。 Its up in the air. 尚未确定。 I am all ears. 我洗耳恭听。 R

25、ight over there. 就在那里。 Get an eyeful. 看个够。 Here we are! 我们到了! I lost my way. 我迷路了 Say hello to everybody for me. 替我向大家问好。 Not precisely! 不见得,不一定! That is unfair. 这不公平! We have no way out. 我们没办法。 That is great! 太棒了! You are welcome! 别客气! Im bored to death. 我无聊死了。 Bottoms up! 干杯! Big mouth! 多嘴驴! Cando

26、. 能人。 Dont play possum! 別裝蒜! He neither drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒也不抽煙。 Make it up! 不记前嫌! Watch you mouth. 注意言辞。 Any urgent thing? 有急事吗? Good luck! 祝你好运! Make it. 达到目的,获得成功。 Ill be seeing you. 再见。 I wonder if you can give me a lift? 能让我搭一程吗? It is raining. 要下雨了。 I might hear a pin drop. 非常寂静。 Dont get

27、 loaded. 别喝醉了。 Stay away from him. 别*近他。 Dont get high hat. 别摆架子。 That rings a bell. 听起来耳熟。 Play hooky. 旷工、旷课。 I am the one wearing pants in the house. 我当家。 Get cold feet. 害怕做某事。 Good for you! 好得很! Go ahead. 继续。 Help me out. 帮帮我。 Lets bag it. 先把它搁一边。 Lose head. 丧失理智。 Im dying to see you. 我很想见你。 I sw

28、ear by the god. 我对天发誓。 Nothing tricky. 别耍花招。 You might at least apologize. 你顶多道个歉就得了。 Price is soaring, if it goes on like this, we shall not be able to keep the pot boiling. 物价直线上升,这样子下去,我们锅里可没什么东西煮饭。 None of you keyhole. 不准偷看。 You dont seem to be quite yourself today. 你今天看起来不大对劲。 Do you have any m

29、oney on you? 你身上带钱了吗? What is your major? 你学什么专业? My girlfriend and I broke up. 我和我的女朋友吹了。 It was something that happens once in the blue moon. 这是千载难逢的事。 Ill kick you out. 我将炒你鱿鱼。 I have to be late and keep my date waiting. 我不喜欢迟到而让别人久等。 There is nobody by that name working here. 这里没有这个人。 He neither

30、 drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒也不抽烟。 He pushes his luck. 他太贪心了。 Nuts! 呸;胡说;混蛋! I cant make both ends meet. 我上个月接不到下个月,缺钱。 It is of high quality. 它质量上乘。 Dead end. 死胡同。 Would you mind making less noise. 能不能小 声点 四级作文可引用的谚语格言 1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 2.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。 3.Easi

31、er said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 4.Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 5.One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘,谬之千里。 6.Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑,长一智。 8.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。 9.All work and no play m

32、akes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。 10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的 玫瑰,徒有其表。 11.More hasty,less speed. 欲速则不达。 12.Its never too old to learn. 活到老,学到老。 13.All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。 14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。 1

33、5.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。 16.Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。 17.Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。 18.well begun,half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。 19.It is hard to please all. 众口难调。 20.Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见,心不念。 21.Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 22.Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑

34、白。 23.First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。 24.Ill news travels fast. 坏事传千里。 25.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 26.live not to eat,but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭,吃饭为了活着。 27.Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。 28.East or west,home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。 29.Its not the gay coat that makes the gen

35、tleman. 君子在德不在衣。 30.Beauty will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。 31.Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。 32.The older, the wiser. 姜是老的辣。 33.Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。 34.An idle youth,a needy age. 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。 35.As the tree,so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。 36.To live is to learn,to learn is to better live.活着为了学习,学习为了更好 的活着

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