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1、Manipulator is now used as a industrial robots in use, the control objectives often appear often in industrial automation. Industrial automation technology has gradually matured, as mature a technology line has been rapid development in industrial automation as a separate subject. Manipulator applic
2、ation began to filter into welding, logistics, mechanical processing, and other industries. Especially at high or very low temperatures, full of poisonous gases, high radiation case, robot in similar circumstances showed great use also brings great convenience to the staff. Precisely because of this
3、 robot to get peoples attention began to be a high degree of development. Labor rates, working conditions, labor intensive aspects of promoting development. Both at home and abroad to develop the PLC (programmable logic controller) is in various special circumstances and under special conditions set
4、 for mechanical devices. Now turned on the development of the microelectronics automatic control technology and the rapid development of the trains, the success of PLC hardware software and simulation control win big and successful development, now continues to develop as a factory automation standa
5、rds. Because robots are good development of the technology makes a good optimization of productive capital, and robot shows this unique advantages, such as: has good compatibility, wide availability, hardware is complete, and programming that can be mastered in a short time, so in the context of ind
6、ustrial PLC applications became ubiquitous. Manipulator in many developed country agriculture and industry has been applied, such as the use of mechanical harvesting large areas of farmland, repeated operations on the high-speed line that uses a robotic arm, and so on. Today, the high level of autom
7、ation combined with restrictions on the manipulator development level is slightly lower than the international. The design is mainly arm welding machine by PLC Automation control. This of design let designers on in school by learn of has a must of consolidation, understand has some usually didnt opp
8、ortunities awareness in world range within some leading level of knowledge has has must awareness, hope designers can in yihou of design in the can success of using in this design in the proceeds of experience 1.2 manipulator in both at home and abroad of research profile automation mechanical arm r
9、esearch began Yu 20th century medium-term, after years with with computer and automation technology of development, Makes mechanical arm on the Grand stage of industrial automation and shine, gradually became an industrial evaluation standards, and its importance can be seen. Now original robotic ar
10、m spent most of mass production and use on the production line, which is programmed robotic arm. As the first generation of manipulator position control systems main features, although not back several generations that can detect the external environment, but can still successfully complete like wel
11、ding, painting, delivery as well as for materials simple movements. Second generation mechanical arms are equipped with sensors and manipulators have the environment there is a certain amount of sense, when the mechanical arm is to use the program as a basis. Difference is that the robot begand第二章第二
12、章六和商业广场一期 外脚手架施工方案目 录第1章 编制说明及依据11.1编制说明11.2编制依据1第2章 工程概况22.1工程概况2第3章 施工计划43.1施工进度计划43.2材料及设备计划5第4章 脚手架的主要搭设方法及检查验收64.1脚手架的搭设方法64.2脚手架的验收17第5章 质量保证及监测措施175.1组织机构185.2人员分工职责185.3构配件质量要求及标准195.4脚手架搭设技术要求及标准22第6章 脚手架搭设和拆除的安全技术措施236.1脚手架搭设安全技术准备工作236.2脚手架搭设安全技术要求246.3脚手架拆除安全技术要求256.4外脚手架的防雷措施266.5钢脚手架的防
13、电措施266.6外脚手架的防火措施26第7章 监测措施277.1监测措施277.2监测责任及分工28第8章 安全文明施工措施288.1脚手架施工安全保证措施288.2脚手架施工文明及环保施工措施298.3季节性施工措施及成品保护30第9章 施工应急救援预案319.1脚手架施工中易发生重大事故319.2应急准备和响应组织准备319.3施工现场的应急处理设备和设施管理32第10章 劳动力计划3310.1脚手架管理及施工人员职责及要求3310.2人员及劳动力计划34第11章 落地式扣件钢管脚手架设计验算3511.1 验算说明3511.2 落地式扣件钢管脚手架计算书35第12章 悬挑脚手架设计验算45
14、continue to respond 5min. Remove the absorption tube, 1cm Cuvette, wavelength of 400nm, to standard pipes zero regulating and absorbs lightdReport of the arithmetic mean of the two-bit significand. 28 allow difference in repeatability conditions of the absolute value of the difference of two indepen
15、dent measurement results shall not exceed the arithmetical average of the 15%. Butyl 29 scope this standard provides for the determination of inorganic arsenic in food total determination method of inorganic arsenic. This standard is applicable to all types of determination of total arsenic in food.
16、 The method detection limit: atomic fluorescence spectrometry: 0.04mg/kg solid samples, liquid sample 0.004mg/L) silver salt method: 0.1mg/kg. Linear range: 1.0 g10.0 g. First, 30 principle in food by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry may exist in different chemical forms of a
17、rsenic, including inorganic arsenic and organic arsenic. 6mol/L hydrochloric acid water conditions, inorganic arsenic in the form of chloride was extracted to achieve separation of inorganic arsenic and organic arsenic. Determination of total inorganic arsenic in the condition of 2mol/L hydrochlorid
18、e. 31 reagent 31.1 hydrochloric acid solution (1+1): volume 250mL hydrochloric acid. Slowly pour in 250mL water, and mix. 31.2 the potassium hydroxide solution (2g/L): weighing 2G and potassium hydroxide dissolved in water, dilute to 1000mL. 31.3 potassium borohydride solution (7g/L): weighing 3.5G
19、500mL2g/L solution for potassium borohydride solution of potassium hydroxide. 31.4 potassium iodide (100g/L)-thiourea solution (50g/L): weighing Ki 10G, 5G water solutionmanipulator control mode and programmable controllers introduction 2.1 Select discussion with manipulator control 2.1.1 classifica
20、tion of control relays and discrete electronic circuit can control old industrial equipment, but also more common. Mainly these two relatively cheap and you can meet the old-fashioned, simple (or simple) industrial equipment. So he can see them now, however these two control modes (relay and discret
21、e electronic circuits) are these fatal flaws: (1) cannot adapt to the complex logic control, (2) only for the current project, the lack of compatibility and (3) not reforming the system with equipment improvements. Spring for the development of Chinas modern industrial automation technology the subs
22、tantial increase in the level of industrial automation, completed the perfect relay of the computer too much. In terms of controlling the computer showed his two great advantages: (1) each of the hardware can be installed on one or more microprocessors; (2) the official designer of the software writ
23、ing content control is all about. Now in several ways in the context of industrial automation can often be seen in three ways: (1) Programmable Logical Controller (referred to as IPC); (2) Distributed Control System (DCS for short), and (3) the Programmable Logical Controller (PLC for short). 2.1.2
24、PLC and the IPC and DCS contrast contrast 1, each of the three technologies of origins and development requirements for fast data processing makes it invented the computer. The men brought in terms of hardware there, using a high level of standardization, can use more compatibility tools, is a rich
25、software resources, especially the need for immediacy in operational systems. So the computer can effectively control is used to control and meet its speed, on the virtual model, real-time and in computational requirements. Distributed system started with a control system for industrial automatic in
26、strument used to control, whereas now it is successfully developed into industrial control computer used as a central collection and distribution system and transition of distributed control system in analogue handling, loop control, has begun to reflect the use of a huge advantage. Though distribut
27、ed system has great advantages in loop regulation, but only as a means of continuous process control. Optimization of PLC is the corresponding relay needs was born, its main use in the work order control, early primary is replaced relay this hulking system, focused on the switch controlling the runn
28、ing order of functions. Marked by the microprocessor in the early 1970 of the 20th century emerged, micro-electronics technology has developed rapidly, people soon microelectronics processing technology will be used in the Programmable Logical Controller (that is中太建设集团股份有限公司 目录 1外脚手架施工方案第1章 编制说明及依据1
29、.1编制说明六和商业广场一期工程外脚手架施工方案严格按“关于印发危险性较大的分部分项工程安全管理办法的通知（建质200987号）及广东省住建厅关于危险性较大的分部分项工程安全管理办法的实施细则（粤建质201113号）进行编制。1.2编制依据1、住建部危险性较大分部分项工程管理办法（建质200987号）；广东省住建厅关于危险性较大的分部分项工程安全管理办法的实施细则（粤建质201113号）2、深圳市华阳国际工程设计有限公司设计的六和商业广场一期工程施工图及相应标准图集。3、中国建筑工业出版社出版的建筑施工手册4、国家、地方现行相关规范、规程、标准，主要包括：建筑施工扣件式钢管脚手架安全技术规范（
30、JGJ130-2011）建筑工程质量验收统一评定标准（GB503002001）建筑结构荷载规范（GB50009-2012）建筑施工安全检查标准（JGJ59-2011）混凝土结构设计规范（GB50010-2011）钢结构设计规范（GB50017-2003）直缝电焊钢管（GB/T 13793）低压流体输送用焊接钢管（GB/T 3092）碳素结构钢（GB/T 700）钢管脚手架扣件（GB15831）省住建厅粤建质201113号文粤建质2011796号文危险性较大的分部分项工程安全管理办法粤建质（2011）13号文5、六和商业广场一期工程施工组织设计6、中太建筑工程施工工艺标准（ZTQB-2008）第
31、2章 工程概况2.1工程概况序号项 目内 容1工程名称六和商业广场一期2工程地址深圳坪山新区坪山街道六联社区 3建设单位深圳市六和房地产开发有限公司4设计单位深圳市华阳国际工程设计有限公司5监理单位深圳市中侨物业工程监理有限公司6质量监督单位深圳市坪山新区建筑工程质量监督站7安全监督单位深圳市坪山新区施工安全监督站8施工总承包单位中太建设集团股份有限公司9开工日期2012年9月1日10竣工日期（合同）2015年1月31日六和商业广场一期工程由深圳市六和房地产开发有限公司投资兴建，深圳市中侨物业工程监理有限公司监理，深圳市华阳国际工程设计有限公司设计，中太建设集团股份有限公司承建施工。本工程位于
32、深圳市坪山新区坪山街道六联社区三和广场。本工程建筑主体为A、B、C、D、E、F、G七栋塔楼以及两层地下室、三层商业裙楼组成，塔楼上部为住宅，地下室一二层为车库及局部商业用房，战时局部为人防，人防区抗力级别为甲类核六级、常六级。住宅部分均为框支剪力墙结构，核芯筒，部分为框架结构。基础采用静压式（锤击式）混凝土预制桩。本工程建筑物AF栋为29层，建筑高度99.700，首层至五层层高分别为6.450m、5.700m、6.600m、6.150m、3.250m，标准层为3.000；G栋为30层，建筑高度97.900m,首层至五层层高分别为6.650m、5.700m、6.600m、3.700m、3.400
33、m，标准层为2.900；总建筑面积239146。根据本工程的设计特点及现场的实际情况，从经济、适用、安全和可行等要求出发，确定本工程外脚手架16层采用落地式双排扣件钢管脚手架,从7层楼面起开始采用型钢悬挑脚手架形式。本工程脚手架搭设平面示意图、立面示意图、剖立面示意图见下图：AG栋脚手架搭设平面示意图脚手架搭设立面示意图AG栋脚手架搭设剖立面示意图第3章 施工计划3.1施工进度计划本工程脚手架搭设及拆除进度计划见表3.1-1。表3.1-1 脚手架搭设及拆除施工进度计划表序号任务名称开始时间结束时间工期（天）1地下室及A-G栋脚手架搭设2013.4.102014.3.103302A-G塔楼脚手架
34、拆除2014.9.152014.10.30453.2材料及设备计划根据本工程施工总体部署及脚手架施工方案，为保证工程进度计划的实现，公司根据方案设计要求备足所有需用的材料，并根据施工进度按计划分批进场，分类堆放在指定场地。本工程脚手架施工所用主要材料有A48.3（0.5）3.6（0.36）钢管(验算取483.0)、扣件、密目式安全网、钢脚手板、I16工字钢、钢丝绳；主要施工设备有塔吊。具体数量及进场计划见表3.2-1。表3.2-1 主要材料及设备计划表材料及设备名称规格计划数量备注36米钢管A48.3（0.5）3.6（0.36）1300t立杆、大横杆、剪刀撑2米以下钢管A48.3（0.5）3.
35、6（0.36）200t小横杆直角扣件460000个旋转扣件100000个对接扣件105000个工字钢I166000米钢丝绳14 619130000米架体卸荷钢丝绳15.5 61918000米工字钢拉绳钢筋网脚手板30000密目式安全网110000塔吊5台按时进场使用用于材料吊运注明：以上所用架体材料均必须先经过监理验收合格后方能投入使用。第4章 脚手架的主要搭设方法及检查验收4.1脚手架的搭设方法4.1.1材料要求材料名称规格质量要求钢管A48.3（0.5）3.6（0.36）(验算取483.0)采用Q235A-3号钢，符合现行国家标准直缝电焊钢管（GB/T13793）中规定的Q235普通钢管的
36、要求，并应符合现行国家标准碳素结构钢（GB/T700）中Q235A级钢的规定；钢管表面应平直光滑，不应有裂纹、分层、严重锈蚀、割痕和硬弯，两端面平整，严禁打孔，必须进行防锈处理，钢管应满足抗拉、抗压、抗弯强度205N/mm。扣件直角扣件、对接扣件、旋转扣件钢管扣件应符合现行国家标准钢管脚手架扣件（GB15831）的规定，不应有裂纹、气孔，疏松、砂眼或其它影响使用性能的构造缺陷。扣件应进行防锈处理悬挑型钢梁I16工字钢符合设计要求规格的普通热轧型钢吊环及卡环20（1）必须采用HPB235钢筋制作，严禁采用冷加工钢筋。（2）其锚固长度不小于30d，焊接或绑扎在梁钢筋骨架上，端头做180的弯钩，弯钩
37、平直段长度不应小于3d。钢丝绳14、15.5619技术性能需满足建筑施工手册（第四版）表14-2的规定4.1.2脚手架选用型式1、本工程16层外脚手架采用落地式双排扣件钢管脚手架，立杆支撑在地下室顶板上或商业裙楼顶板上，搭设高度不大于30M，其立杆顶端需高于七层梁板1.5M；AG栋塔楼7层结构及以上全层采用斜拉式型钢悬挑双排外脚手架，悬挑荷载楼层分别在7层、16层、25层结构楼板，采用16#工字钢为悬挑梁，待预埋卡环的梁板砼达到一定强度后方可搭设悬挑脚手架。脚手架搭设跟随主体结构施工进度，每次搭设完成高度高于主体结构完成楼面1.5M，其各段脚手架高度及卸荷楼层如下表4.1.2-1：表4.1.2
38、-1 各段脚手架高度及卸荷楼层栋号第一悬挑段/悬挑高度第二悬挑段/悬挑高度第三悬挑段/悬挑高度工字钢搁置楼层钢丝绳卸荷层AF栋715层 /27m1624层/27m25屋顶 /20m7F/16F/25F11F/20F/27F/29FG栋715层/26.1m1624层/26.1m25屋顶/22.4m7F/16F/25F11F/20F/27F/29F2、悬挑脚手架阳角处理悬挑脚手架阳角部位采用I16工字钢放在悬挑工字钢上，顺脚手架纵向，阳角悬挑，并与相交悬挑工字钢用15.5，619+1钢丝绳绑扎，每根悬挑工字钢主梁用内外两道15.5，619+1钢丝绳拉结。悬挑脚手架阳角处理图3、水平防护棚悬挑脚手架
39、在第七层处及第十九层处分别搭设水平防护棚。采用483.5钢管搭设，用18厚模板满铺双层防护，边搭1.2m高栏杆，栏杆外侧和防护棚下用密目安全网包装，采用18.5，619钢丝绳拉结，并用483.5钢管拉顶，防止防护棚上翻。4、脚手架立杆纵距1.5m，横距0.80m，步距1.8m，内立杆距有凸窗的墙面0.8m（距凸窗线条0.2m，凸窗距墙中心线0.9米），距无外凸部件墙面0.2m；扫地杆距地坪200mm。操作层栏杆高不低于1.2m，且每0.6m高设一道栏杆。5、每根立杆底部应设短钢筋采用焊接固定于“工”字钢上。立杆必须用刚性连墙件与建筑物可靠连接，连墙件采用每层二跨布置，最顶层及构架层每层一跨设置
40、。脚手架必须设置纵、横向扫地杆。纵向扫地杆应采用直角扣件固定在距工字钢上不大于200mm处的立杆上。横向扫地杆亦应采用直角扣件固定在紧靠纵向扫地杆下方的立杆上。6、脚手架外立面的转角、端头及沿纵向连续设置剪刀撑，每道剪刀撑宽度不应小于4跨，且不应小于6m，斜杆与地面的倾角宜在4560之间。落地式脚手架外立面的两端和转角处沿整个高度连续设置剪刀撑，且相邻两道剪刀撑间距不宜大于15米。剪刀撑的接长必须采用搭接，搭接长度不应小于1m。剪刀撑斜杆应用旋转扣件固定在与之相交的横向水平杆的伸出端或立杆上，应采用不少于3个旋转扣件固定，端部扣件的边缘至杆端距离不应小于100mm。4.1.3脚手架搭设参数及要
41、求脚手架立杆纵距1.5m，横距0.8m，步距1.8m，操作层栏杆高不低于1.2m，且每0.6m高设一道栏杆，横向水平杆靠墙的一端至墙面的距离为300mm。1、纵向水平杆、横向水平杆、脚手板1.1 纵向水平杆的构造应符合下列规定：（1）纵向水平杆宜设置在立杆内侧，其长度不宜小于3跨；（2）纵向水平杆接长宜采用对接扣件连接，也可采用搭接。对接、搭接应符合下列规定：1）纵向水平杆的对接扣件应交错布置：两根相邻纵向水平杆的接头不宜设置在同步或同跨内；不同步或不同跨两个相邻接头在水平方向错开的距离不应小于500mm；各接头中心至最近主节点的距离不宜大于纵距的1/3（图4.1.3-1）；图4.1.3-1
42、纵向水平杆对接接头布置2）搭接长度不应小于1m，应等间距设置3个旋转扣件固定，端部扣件盖板边缘至搭接纵向水平杆杆端的距离不应小于100mm；3）当使用冲压钢脚手板、纵向水平杆应作为横向水平杆的支座，用直角扣件固定在立杆上；（图4.1.3-2）。图4.1.3-2 纵向水平杆横向间距1.2 横向水平杆的构造应符合下列规定：（1）作业层上非主节点处的横向水平杆，宜根据支承脚手板的需要等间距设置，最大间距不应大于纵距的1/2；（2）当使用冲压钢脚手板、双排脚手架的横向水平杆两端均应采用直角扣件固定在纵向水平杆上；1.3 主节点处必须设置一根横向水平杆，用直角扣件扣接且严禁拆除；2、立杆和连墙件2.1
43、每根立杆底部用25的螺纹短钢筋焊接固定于型钢上（见节点详图）。2.2 脚手架必须设置纵、横向扫地杆。纵向扫地杆应采用直角扣件固定在距型钢上不大于200mm处的立杆上。横向扫地杆亦应采用直角扣件固定在紧靠纵向扫地杆下方的立杆上。2.3 立杆的接长必须采用对接扣件连接，其连接应符合以下规定：立杆上的对接扣件应交错布置：两根相邻立杆的接头不应设置在同步内，同步内隔一根立杆的两个相隔接头在高度方向错开位置不宜小于500mm；各接头中心至主节点的距离不宜大于步距的1/3。2.4 立杆顶端栏杆应高出女儿墙上端1m，高出檐口上端1.5m。2.5 立杆必须用连墙件与建筑物进行刚性连接，连墙件宜呈水平设置。且应
44、尽量靠近大横杆与立杆交点位置。具体布置要求为：（1）悬挑段离地高度50m，按照两步三跨或每层三跨设置；（2）50m悬挑段离地高度80m，按照两步两跨或每层两跨设置；（3）悬挑段离地高度80m，按照两步一跨或每层一跨设置；2.6 连墙件应靠近主节点设置，偏离主节点的距离不应大于300mm。3、剪刀撑与横向斜撑3.1 每道剪刀撑宽度不应小于4跨，且不应小于6m，斜杆与地面的倾角宜在4560之间。每道剪刀撑跨越立杆的根数宜按下表确定。表4.13-1 剪刀撑跨越立杆的最多根数剪刀撑斜杆与地面的倾角 455060剪刀撑跨越立杆的最多根数 n7653.2 剪刀撑的接长宜采用搭接，搭接长度不应小于1m，采用
45、不少于2个旋转扣件固定，端部扣件盖板的边缘至杆端距离不应小于100mm。3.3 剪刀撑斜杆应用旋转扣件固定在与之相交的横向水平杆的伸出端或立杆上，旋转扣件中心线至主节点的距离不应大于150mm。3.4 外側立面必须整个长度和高度上连续设置剪刀撑。3.5 高度在24m以上的脚手架，除在拐角应设置横向斜撑外，中间应每隔6跨设置一道。横向斜撑应在同一节间，由底至顶层连续布置。3.6 开口型双排脚手架、施工电梯两侧脚手架的两端必须设置横向斜撑。4、脚手板首层隔离层和作业层脚手板应铺满、铺稳，距离墙面120-150mm。严禁留探头长度150mm的探头板。5、卡环及吊环5.1 浇筑混凝土前要进行专门的吊环
46、、卡环隐蔽验收，确保预埋环符合要求；5.2 混凝土强度必须达到设计强度的75%以上，才能在吊环上施加荷载。6、脚手架的防护6.1 离地面2m以上铺设脚手板的作业层都要在脚手架外立杆的内侧设两道牢固的护身栏杆和挡脚板。两道护身栏杆离脚手架的高度分别为1.2m和0.6m ，紧贴外立杆内侧安设两道水平钢管。挡脚板高度不小于180mm。6.2 架体须超过施工操作层1.8m高，中间须加防护栏杆。6.3 密目式安全网应紧随架体搭设高度满挂。6.4 操作层及其下一步架须满铺脚手板，其余每隔4步架须满铺脚手板，防止物体坠落，脚手架的顶层应满铺脚手板，以保证脚手架的顶端有足够的横向水平刚度。4.1.4脚手架搭设方法及构造要求1、脚手架搭设顺序（1）落地式脚手架做好搭设的准备工作按构筑物的平面形状放线铺设垫板按立杆间距排放底座放置纵向扫地杆逐根树立立杆，随即与纵向扫地杆扣牢安装横向扫地杆，并与立杆或纵向扫地杆扣牢安装第一步大横杆（与各立杆扣牢）安装第一步小横杆安装第二步大横杆安装第二步小横杆设置连墙杆接立杆加设剪刀撑铺脚手板绑护身栏杆和挡脚板立杆安全网循环搭设。（2)悬挑脚手架搭设顺序悬挑脚手架施工主要包括型钢预埋以及钢管架体的搭设。做好搭设的准备工作按方案要求进行平面形状放线预埋卡环、吊环安置型钢并