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1、泗县县道升级改造工程一：施工前准备工作基层试验段施工路段设置在经监理工程师批准的底基层上进行摊铺，在开工前，派专人进行摊铺前的清理，且保持底基层的湿润,施工放样：在底基层上恢复中线，每10米一个断面。每一断面设中桩、边桩，在钢钎上横向的钢筋上进行水准测量，并按测量结果在横向钢筋上指示出高出松铺厚度25CM的位置。全线路段路基已交验已完成，符合进入下道工序的施工要求；1、 基地建设已基本完成，碎石、水泥等原材料备料充足，满足施工要求；3、原材料经试验室试验满足规范要求，碎石、水泥等均经检验，符合规范要求；4、混合料经过我部委托浙江省交通学院中心试验室试验，混合料的配合比已确定（具体见附件），通过
2、现场试拌表明，运作正常可靠，生产出的混合料经试验符合设计标准；5、施工人员和机械设备已全部安排就位；6、水泥稳定碎石基层试验段选在K21+590K21+890全幅路段，离拌和点大约 0.6公里。二：施工内容试验段施工。施工目的1、 通过试验段施工，用以检验施工设备能力，排除机械设备中的明显缺陷；2、 检验配合比的合理性，防止因配合比不当造成的质量问题；3、 确定水泥稳定碎石基层的松铺系数，材料的最佳含水量、水泥用量及作业段长度；4、 确定施工设备类型，需要设备数量及设备的最佳组合方式，碾压遍数和程序；5、 取得合格的实验结果报请监理工程师批准并作为该结构层施工时的依据，指导今后施工。三：详细的
3、施工工艺和方法1、混合料拌和生产 原材料水泥、碎石、水等材料，经过试验测试符合施工规范要求，混合料配合比按照设计配合比，并根据现场原材料含水量试验调整。拌和采用WBC300粒料拌和机集中厂拌，地点在 K22+500左幅处； 拌和现场控制配合比，为弥补输送及拌和损失，拌和时用水量比设计配合比用水量宜多1%2%，以保证运到现场时的含水量，拌和加水量及加水时间，各材料用量均记录成册，以便更好的控制现场配合比； 经过试拌表明，该拌和楼性能良好，运作正常可靠，进料计量准确，试拌后的混合料经测试，水泥稳定碎石底基层配合比符合底基层施工要求，拌和厂的布局也符合实际使用要求；拌和过程：各种选定物料碎石、水泥，
4、采用装载机装入配料机料斗，经皮带传给料机计量给出，各种骨、粉料由集料机送至搅拌机拌和，物料入口上部设有液体喷头，根据混合前各种物料的含水量情况，可在此使用供水系统喷加适量的水，以调整混合物料的含水量能达到工程所需的含水量。2、现场施工 放样在底基层上每隔10米放出中桩，并在单幅路段两侧（中线及边线侧）边缘外0.20.3米设一活动钢钎，钢钎可以上下左右调整，在钢钎上绑扎0.25mm钢丝，钢丝高度由路基的设计标高和松铺系数确定，根据技术规范和往常施工经验，将松铺系数暂定为1.35。 松铺系数验证在底基层上选取12个点，测其地面标高、松铺标高、压实标高，算得各点松铺系数，取均值确定一个最终松铺系数。
5、 运输混合料用自卸车装运，运输过程中尽量减少振动，防止料的离析。 摊铺混合料运至施工摊铺现场后，按指定的线路运至摊铺机前，在摊铺机防撞辊轮前20cm起料，摊铺机控制速度为1.0米/分钟，摊铺时要注意线形美观，布料均匀，防止离析现象，在摊铺机后设定专人消除粗细集料离析，如有石子集中离析现象，给予铲除，并换料。 碾压：根据以往施工经验初定碾压顺序为：静压弱振强振强振强振静压，五十米为一个碾压区，碾压由低侧向高侧，平行于中线，初压用YZ18压路机静压一遍，轮迹重叠30CM，行驶速度1.5km/h，碾压后整修,并把边线拍实；第二遍采用低档振动碾压，碾压顺序为：由低侧向高侧进行，行驶速度2.5km/h，
6、轮迹重叠30cm；以后采用强档振动碾压，直至密实度上升幅度在1.0%以内,且压实度达到98%以上时停止碾压，测密实度、厚度、无明显轮迹时、加测平整度，此时取得碾压遍数即为最终碾压遍数；最后静压收光一遍（即终压）。在施工区段上碾压设备应匀速前进，不得急刹车、调头、转弯、停机。 养护：碾压完成合格后，应对混合料进行养护，养生期不少于7天，在整个养生期间始终保持石灰稳定碎石土表面潮湿。养生期间，在石灰稳定碎石土底基层上除洒水车可限速行驶外其余机械和车辆严禁行驶。同时对试块进行养护，测七天强度，并上报监理工程师。 现场使用工具及检测频度： 放样桩、线绳、水准仪、钢卷尺（大、小）、3米直尺、红漆、毛笔、
7、水平尺及试验用各种仪器和空白资料表格。施工用的工具有：铁锹、砂耙、锄头、扫帚、簸箕、翻斗车、平锹等。（附后）序号检查项目检查数据频度1压实度密度法100米4处2平整度每100米测2处*10尺 3米直尺3纵断高程每100米测4断面4宽度每100米测4断面，钢尺量5横坡（%）每100米测4断面6厚度每100米每车道2点7配合比12次/工作班8外观9抗压强度（MPa）100米2组，7天强度 水泥稳定碎石路面基层施工工艺框图（见下页）水泥稳定碎石路面底基层施工工艺框图原材料组成设计及有关分析试验的结果底基层完成交验N报工程师审批机械调度及施工测量放样Y备 料设自动找平基线自卸车运料卸料摊铺机就位配料拌
8、和均匀压路机碾压记录数据按规范要求进行检测返工N报监理工程师审批单项工程施工完毕施工结束交验四：包括机构组织和人员分工在内设备，劳动力的安排1、材料：水泥由 供应，石子由玉环南山石料厂供应，。2、机械组织和人员分工 项目部 质检部 路面工区 工程部 中心试验室 拌和厂 机施队 材料科 工程科 工区试验室 质检科 测量队 施工班组项目经理部领导小组组长：赵玲娟 项目总负责兼副组长：孙茂伟 技术负责：付源施工负责：邢世杰 质量负责：吴春燕 拌和厂负责：方名气 试验室：吴春燕机 械：冯秋红材 料：陈德仁测 量：洪东海、郦 亮 施工员：吴秀斌、吴祥波、王满洪机械操作手：10人（包括内外场） 民工：15
9、人（包括内外场）3、主要施工设备和检测仪器（一） 主要施工设备机械名称规格型号数量自卸车15T7摊铺机ABG4231振动压路机YZ122粒料拌和楼WBC3001装载机ZL50C2洒水车LS10S1(二) 检测、测试主要仪器如下表：1、 试验仪器仪器名称数量规格附注快速检验钙镁含量设备1套击实仪1台重型鼓风电热恒温干燥箱2台101A液压式压力试验机1台200吨无侧限抗压试模若干电子天平1套2000g盘秤2台路面材料强度仪1台10T磅秤1台100Kg电动脱模器1台针片状规准仪1台玻璃仪皿2套强制式拌和机1台浸水天平 1台干燥皿1台集料压碎值仪1台光电式液塑限测定仪1台水泥剂量测定仪1台方、圆孔标准
10、筛1套2、 现场检测检测仪器数量附注灌沙仪1套15cm3米水平直尺2只全站仪1台水准仪2台五：质量保证措施1、 严格按施工规范和招标文件要求实施施工，做到心中有底，科学组织施工。2、 加强原材料的检验，未批准的决不使用，合格的集料分等级堆放，不得混杂，各堆放点防止污染，控制堆放高度。3、 拌和过程中，严格做到配料准确，拌和均匀，控制含水量略大于压实度的最佳含水量，以使混合料运到现场碾压时含水量能接近最佳含水量。4、 施工前对技术人员及班组长进行技术交底工作。5、 摊铺前检测石灰土底基层的含水量。6、 保持适当的湿度，以保持混合料的养生环境，如果处于干燥状态，则适当喷水，使之湿润。7、 碾压时，
11、严禁在摊铺路段上调头或急刹车。8、 严格执行监理规程，按监理规程办事，听从监理人员的质量监督。六：安全保证措施1、 有安全施工组织设计，全面控制人、料、机三者的立体交叉动态作业。2、 科学组织施工，选择合理的方案、施工工艺，选用理想的原材料，质量安全可靠的设备。3、 施工作业环境中，温度、噪声、照明、粉尘、有毒有害物质等因素，做到不能对人体造成伤害。4、 进行安全知识、安全技能教育，严把施工交底环节，杜绝无计划，无组织地盲目施工。5、 各种机械设备防护设置一定要齐全有效，有产品合格证，有明文使用规定。6、 机械不准带病作业，不准超负荷运转，不准在运输中维修保养。7、 架设电线线路必须符合当地用
12、电局的规定，电器设备必须全部接零、接地。8、 特种作业人员按规定参加安全操作考核，坚持“持证上岗”，严禁出现特种作业无证操作现象。9、 严禁赤脚，穿拖鞋，高跟鞋进入施工现场，高空作业时，不准穿硬底和带底易滑的鞋靴。English is the most widely spoken language in the history of our planet, used in some way by at least one out of every seven human beings around the globe. Half of the worlds books are written
13、in English, and the majority of international telephone calls are made in English. English is the language of over sixty percent of the worlds radio programs. More than seventy percent of international mail is written and addressed in English, and eighty percent of all computer text is stored in Eng
14、lish. English has acquired the largest vocabulary of all the worlds languages, perhaps as many as two million words, and has generated one of the noblest bodies of literature in the annals of the human it is now time to face the fact that English is a crazy language - the most lunatic and loopy and
15、of all languages. In the crazy English language, the blackbird hen is brown, blackboards can be green or blue, and blackberries are green and then red before they are ripe. Even if blackberries were really black and blueberries really blue, what are strawberries, cranberries, huckleberries, raspberr
16、ies, and gooseberries supposed to look add to this insanity there is no butter in buttermilk, no egg in eggplant, no grape in grapefruit, no bread in shortbread, neither worms nor wood in wormwood, neither mush nor room in mushroom, neither pine nor apple in pineapple, neither peas nor nuts in peanu
17、ts, and no ham in a hamburger. (In fact, if somebody invented a sandwich consisting of a ham patty in a bun, we would have a hard time finding a name for it.)To make matters worse, English muffins werent invented in England, fries in France, or Danish pastries in Denmark. And we discover even more c
18、ulinary madness in the that sweetmeat is made from fruit, while sweetbread, which isnt sweet, is made from this unreliable English tongue, greyhounds arent always grey (or gray); panda bears and koala bears arent bears (theyre marsupials); a woodchuck is a groundhog, which is not a hog; a horned toa
19、d is a lizard; glowworms are fireflies, but fireflies are not flies (theyre beetles); ladybugs and lightning bugs are also beetles (and to, a significant proportion of ladybugs must be male); a guinea pig is neither a pig nor from Guinea (its a South American rodent); and a titmouse is neither is li
20、ke the air we breathe. Its invisible, inescapable, indispensable, and we take it for granted. But, when we take the time to step back and listen to the sounds that escape from the holes in peoples faces and to ex- the paradoxes and vagaries of English, we find that hot dogs can be cold, darkrooms ca
21、n be lit, homework can be done in school, nightmares can take place in broad daylight while morning sickness and daydreaming can take place at night, tomboys are girls and midwives can be men, hours - especially happy hours and rush hours - often last longer than sixty minutes, quick- sand works ver
22、y slowly, boxing rings are square, silverware and glasses can be made of plastic and tablecloths of paper, most are dialed by being punched (or pushed?), and most bathrooms dont have any baths in them. In fact, a dog can go to the bathroom under a tree - no bath, no room; its still going to the bath
23、room. And doesnt it seem a little bizarre that we go to the bathroom in order to go to the is it that a woman can man a station but as man cant woman one, that a man can father a movement but a woman cant mother one, and that a king rules a kingdom but a queen doesnt rule a? How did all those Renais
24、sance men reproduce when there dont seem to have been any Renaissance writer is someone who writes, and a stinger is something that stings. But fingers dont grocers dont, haberdashers dont, hammers dont ham, and humdingers dont the plural of tooth is teeth , shouldnt the plural of booth be ? One goo
25、se, two geese - so one moose, two One index, two indices - one Kleenex, two If people ring a bell today and rang a bell yesterday, why dont we say that they a ball? If they wrote a letter, perhaps they also their tongue. If the teacher taught, why isnt it also true that the preacher? Why is it that
26、the sun shone yesterday while I shined my shoes, that I treaded water and then trod on the beach, and that I flew out to see a World Series game in which my favorite player flied we conceive a conception and receive at a reception, why dont we grieve a and believe a? If a horsehair mat is made from
27、the hair of horses and a camels hair brush from the hair of camels, from what is a mohair coat made? If adults commit adultery, do infants commit infantry? If olive oil is made from olives, what do they make baby oil from? If a vegetarian eats vegetables, what does a humanitarian eat? (And Im beginn
28、ing to worry about those authoritarians.)And if pro and con are opposites, is congress the opposite of you have to believe that all English speakers should be committed to an asylum for the verbally insane. In what other language do people drive in a parkway and park in a driveway? In what other lan
29、guage do people recite at a play and play at a recital? In what other language do privates eat in the general mess and generals eat in the private mess? In what other language do people ship by truck and send cargo by ship? In what other language can your nose run and your feet can a slim chance and
30、 a fat chance be the same and a bad licking and a good licking be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? How can sharp speech and blunt speech be the same and quite a lot and quite a few the same, while overlook and oversee are opposites? How can the weather be hot as hell one day
31、and cold as hell the next? How can the expressions Whats going on? and Whats coming off? mean exactly the samton and unbutton and tie and untie are opposites, why are loosen and unloosen and ravel and unravel he same? If bad is the opposite of good, hard the opposite of soft, and up the opposite of
32、down, why are badly and goodly, hardly and softy, and upright and downright not opposing pairs? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful why are shameful and shameless behavior the same and pricey objects less expensive than priceless appropriate and inappropriate remarks and passable and imp
33、assable mountain trails are opposites, why are flammable and inflammable materials, heritable and inheritable property, and passive and impassive people the same and valuable objects less treasured than invaluable ones? If uplift is the same as lift up, why are upset and set up opposite in meaning?
34、Why are pertinent and impertinent, canny and uncanny, and famous and infamous neither opposites nor the same? How can raise and raze and reckless and be opposites when each pair contains the same is it that when the sun or the moon or the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out,
35、 they are invisible; that when I clip a coupon from a newspaper I separate it, but when I clip a coupon to a newspaper, I fasten it; and that when I wind up my watch, I start it, but when I wind up this essay, I shall end is a crazy can expressions like Im mad about my flat, No football coaches allo
36、wed, Ill come by in the morning and knock you up, and Keep your pecker up convey such different messages in two countries that purport to speak the same can it be easier to assent than to dissent but harder to ascend than to descend? Why it is that a man with hair on his head has more hair than a man with hairs on his head; that if you decide to be bad forever, you choose to be bad for good; and that if you choose to wear only your left shoe, then your left one is right and your right one is left? Right?