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1、国际金融函电论文题目：Settlement for International TradeSettlement for International TradeWe have learned “International Banking Communication” in this term. But what is the international banking communication? International banking communication is a telecommunications document which is about the internationa
2、l financial exchanges, thinking and communication of economy and finance program in English among banks. The characteristics of it are openness, globalization, regionalism, low TCO and high efficiency. International banking communication is in compliance with the internal requirement of commercial e
3、conomy, at the same time, still makes it beyond the value of itself when it as a new trade form. International banking communication not only changes the enterprises own production, operation and management, but also brings about many conflicts against traditional trade forms. The most obvious sign
4、is increasing trade opportunities, reducing the cost and improving the trade efficiency. So the international banking communication is in rapid development when it is in the process of economic globalization and information globalization. What more, development of itself greatly promotes the develop
5、ment of international trade.What we learned in this term include format of a bank Letter, agency relationship, credit inquiry, accounting business and settlement for international trade. This course is to help us understand the language features and writing style of the international banking communi
6、cation. It can improve our writing level, which will place a good foundation forour career in the future. Then I want to introduce what is the settlement for international trade.But in the first, we should know the meaning of international settlement. It is multinational bank receipt and payment bus
7、iness. And it consists of settlement of international trade and non-trade settlement. What they are different in is that settlement of international trade is based on visible trade as non-trade settlement not.The main international settlement ways are remittance, collection, letter of credit and so
8、on. Now I would introduce them. Firstly, remittance is a settlement that remitting bank is required by remitter, paying a certain amount to paying bank in a certain way through the foreign correspondent bank or agent bank. The kind of remittance include telegraphic transfer (T/T), mail transfer (M/T
9、) and demand draft (D/D). If we select remittance for our settlement way, we should inspect the exporters reputation and financial states. Its worth noting that capital and settlement tools are flowing in the same direction when we use remittance. This way is named favorable exchange. Oppositely, co
10、llection and L/C are reverse remittance that the direction of capital and settlement tools fluxion is different.Secondly, method of collection work is the exporter authorizing local bank collecting the payment for goods as import bank present importer with documents. The kinds of collection are clea
11、n collection, documentary collection and direct collection. Need to pay attention to documentary collection because of its conditions. Documentary collection is composed of document against payment (D/P) and document against acceptance (D/A).Thirdly, letter of credit is a written commitment, which i
12、s issuing bank according to the requirement and instruction from applicant issued. It means that issue bank will pay a certain amount to beneficiary at sight or at a certain day in the future if beneficiary puts in bills, and the bills must in compliance with the credit terms provision. At a word, t
13、he L/C is a bank payment written commitment. According to different aspects, L/C can be divided into different kinds. The kinds are documentary credit and clean credit, revocable credit and irrevocable credit, confirmed credit and unconfirmed credit, transferable letter of credit, etc. The semester,
14、 we learn mainly L/C in this course and something about remittance and collection. I think teachers purpose is to help us know the most important international banking business, and handle the writing methods of L/C, remittance and collection. The next, I will introduce how to write the letter of cr
15、edit mainly and give a brief introduce about remittance and collection.1. Opening and Advising Relative Little of CreditIn the head, we should write as this form:To:From:Date:Dear Sirs:There are issuing bank, applicant and date what we should write in the documentary credit application. When it is r
16、eady, we must write what the kind is of the letter of credit, which the beneficiary is and amount of the business in the next paragraph. Yet, we must note the amount because the amount should be written to upper and lowercase. For example, the amount of USD56 700.00, we should write it as “USD56 700
17、.00, say FIFTY SIX THOUSAND AND SEVEN HUNDREN ONLY”. If you dont write both, you will take a risk about it. On the other hand, you should know if you have an account with opposite side or the opposite bank have an account with us. Along again or we both have accounts in a same bank. So, the business
18、 will much easier to do. Saying that finished, after this is whether interest and change should be covered or not. And we must list the conditions if opposite bank be authorized by us to act. Such conditions as (1)Provided that we inform you of our acceptance of the documents, you can make payment/a
19、ccept bills of exchanges and / or confirm your liabilities for deferred payments. (2)In case the documents are refused by us for any points which are not in conformity with the credit terms, you shall dispose of these documents thus returned to you with a statement of our refusal. (3)When no written
20、 notice is received from this company / corporation beyond three business days, you have the right to effect payment / acceptance / confirmation under the credit. And so on.What more, if necessary, we can add some special conditions. For example:(1)Documents are to be presented within 15 days after
21、bill of lading date. (2)This credit is subject to ICC publication No.500.(3)All banking conditions and charges outside Germany are for account of beneficiary, also in case of non-utilization.And so on.When conditions are listed over, we should expressly note all matters and procedures in respect of
22、the establishment of a credit, amendments and examination of documents payment or acceptance should be subject to which, such as 2007 revision, international chamber of commerce publication No.600 and so on. Text at the end we should provide category of the responsibility. Then main part is over.The
23、 ending is name of applicant or authorized signature.The above is the whole of the contents of the documentary credit application. And we can give a complete example.To:From:Date:Dear Sirs,Documentary Credit ApplicationWe hereby request you to open for our account by airmail / cable in full an irrev
24、ocable documentary letter of credit in favor of China National Chemicals, Imp.Exp. Corp. to the extent of USD56700.00, say FIFTY SIX THOUSAND AND SEVEN HUNDRED ONLY. The contents of the credit are shown on the back page hereof.We hereby assure you of sufficient funds on our account with you on the d
25、ate of payment to cover all payments, including expenses / charges incurred or interest occurred due to you or your agency banks.It is hereby stated that the shipping documents under the credit shall, after presentation to you but prior to your acceptance, be temporary lent to this corporation, wher
26、eas they are held in your name with the trust liability on us and consignments belonging to your bank, entirely free from any third partys interests.We guarantee that within three business days after we have received the above mentioned documents as your trustee, notice shall be given to you in writ
27、ing whereby you are authorized to act in the light of the following conditions:(1)Provided that we inform you of our acceptance of the documents, you can make payment/accept bills of exchanges and / or confirm your liabilities for deferred payments. (2)In case the documents are refused by us for any
28、 points which are not in conformity with the credit terms, you shall dispose of these documents thus returned to you with a statement of our refusal. (3)If these points cannot be considered as discrepancies after a careful examination in the light of international practice, you have the right to eff
29、ect payment / acceptance or confirm deferred payment, as the case may be, and return us the documents along with your advices of debit / acceptance / confirmation.(4)When no written notice is received from this company / corporation beyond three business days, you have the right to effect payment /
30、acceptance / confirmation under the credit. We are agreeable that all matters and procedures in respect of the establishment of a credit, amendments thereto, and examination of documents payments or acceptance there under shall be subject to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credit (2
31、007 Revision), International Chamber of Commerce Publication No.600.It is understood that you shall assume no liability or responsibility for the consequence arises out loss and / or delay in transit of any messages, letters or documents, or for delay, mutilation or other errors arising in the trans
32、mission of any telecommunication.The credit can be amended with our notice in writing and your consent.Applicant (Seal)(Authorized signature)2. Amendment to Relative CreditsLike anyone else, banks staff members maybe mistake. It maybe a clerical error or shortage of order even calculation error and
33、so on. So we need to make an amendment to relative credits to advise other.The beginnings of it are all the same, like this:To:From:Date:Dear Sirs:Your L/C No. For DatedThe first date is the day that we make the document. And the second date is L/C issuing day. Because the letter is short, I give a
34、sample letter.To:From:Date:Your L/C N0. For DatedOur Ref. It comes to our attention that the dates of shipment and expiration of your above credit are inversely given to be (date) to (date).We presume it might be a clerical error and have reversed them for you before advising the credit to the benef
35、iciary.Please correct your records accordingly and conform the rightness of our action by return.Sincerely yours(Signature)This document said that the date of shipment and expiration isnt consistent. And we think that the error dues to clerical error, and we wish the bank should collect it. Every er
36、ror can be reported by letter as this. The same format is, just merely change the content.3. Letter on Other Credit BusinessSometimes we cant think all aspects of things, so there are something that we left out. However, we find it after credit setting out. Then we should send letters to the opposit
37、e bank adding the conditions which we had forgotten. The letters are talking about bills purchased (BP), adding ones confirmation, claiming gap and so on.As the second part, we give an example to explain.Dear Sirs,Your L/C No.our BPDatedUpon claiming on Midland Bank Ltd.，London, reimbursement of neg
38、otiation, we regret to understand that their authority to reimburse is limited to a total of USD1800.00 only. Obviously payment was refused owing to their not having been informed of your amendment of 12th November, to increase the credit amount by USD500.00 to a total of 2300.00.Please look into th
39、e matter immediately and instruct them to effect payment under advice to us.It is hoped that similar cases will not happen again in the future.Yours faithfully,(Signature)Before 12th November the maximum of their authority to reimburse is USD1800.00, but after 12th, the bank is authorized to adding
40、USD500.00 to before. In other words, the maximum amount is USD2300.00. So we ask the bank looking into it and hope that similar cases will not happen again in the future. If there are another thing needed to plus, we can add it as this.4. Letter on Collection and Remittance BusinessAs the previously
41、 mentioned, remittance and collection is also a kind of international settlement. But as L/C they will also be error of time. Then we should write a letter to take a touch with bank as we deal the L/C businesses.Dear Sirs,Your Documentary Remittance No. Our L/C No.We have received the above document
42、ary remittance, and regret to inform you that we are unable to effect payment on account of the following discrepancies:Certificate of quality and quantity is issued by the beneficiaries, whereas the credit calls for Manufacture or public recognized surveyors quality/weight certificate.Payment, howe
43、ver, will be made after receipt of the qualityweight certificate issued by manufacture or public surveyor.Kindly advice the beneficiaries.Yours truly,(Signature)Because the bank dont received the qualityweight certificate, bank cant do the business smoothly, so bank need to advice the exporter to ap
44、ply it.There is all what we learned in this semester, and it is all about international settlement tools.As all courses learn down, I think, through a series of specimen letters learning, we can have a basic knowledge of the writing skills and know how to deal with this business in writing. What we
45、learned contain in the following aspects.1. A series of specimen letters related to international payment.2. Commonly used sentences on international payment business.3. Language points analysis.4. Writing skills or guidelines.As a financial professional student, the settlement of international trad
46、e is a compulsory course, and it is also a kind of strong practice course. Actually, I feel that international finance business correspondence has closely linked to international settlement, import and export trade practice and multinational bank management.If we are to make foreign trade, the process must understand. What more, if works in a bank, the knowledge is a base.