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1、历届高考试卷分析及迎考复习建议,二三年十月,命 题 方 针,能力应用型命题,命出绝活、命出新意,绝活：不是“偏”、“难”、“怪”； 而是“能力”难，是“入题容 易、深入难”，绝不是简单 的记忆题。, Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. (a, a / a, the) (NMET 97),命题方向,2. Is _ here? -No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave. (1993-32) A. anybod
2、y B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody,考 语感,由考查“语言形式”过渡到考查“语言意识”,命 题 目 的,要拉开考生的区分度,具体由“两点” 来体现,看谁：语言知识丰富； 语言意识强,3. Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day.,that,学生没有语言经验,怎么样才能培养学生的语言经验？,谈化课文，重视阅读,教材是“药引子”：只要课文学过了，就不要再重复，教材上的东西不考！,刘道义问：为什么高考命题离教材越来越远？ 命题组秘书：如果你看到了这点说明我们做对了。,听 力 题,高度重视 选取
3、合适的训练材料 培养适应能力,黄土地学外语，听的高分没把握,变数的适应， 时间的适应。,单 项 填 空,2001、2002、2003年高考单项填空题的特点是：“新”、“活”、“用”,建议：少做旧的套题，所选试题要有新意,词义辨析是单项填空与完形填空的“失分焦点”,建议：少做分册补漏，（抛开课本）多两条 线归纳词汇,“词义线”,“语境线”,besides except except for except that apart from,beside expect but,精讲完后，一定要Practise,happen,take place,hold,take the place of in th
4、e place of in place ,as: like: look like be like seem like ,注意：1. 备课一定要注意“含金量”,2. 破初中老师给学生立的规矩,Shurly _ a book about China last year, but I dont know whether she has finished it. (wrote/ was writing),3. 以交际习惯为先,Ill _ a bottle of ink for you. (go to buy/ go and buy) This story _ in 1919. (happened/ t
5、ook place),4. 培养“三个意识”：沟通意识（串） 科学猜测意识（猜） 知识迁移的意识（移）,现在没有“超纲”一说，（考试中心不断发出信息：考试要建立在篇章的意识上） 2001: work out是词典中第7个用法； Now that youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.(考试中心说：这是“新包装”),2003年高考试卷分析,题型分析,题型分析,单项填空,交际,复 合 句,并 列 句,二层 次 陈述,“覆盖面+综合性+语境化” 2001/ 0.51 2002/0.50 2003/ 0.52 2004/?,
6、完 形 填 空,抓好词语辨析这个突破口 了解高考对完形填空的要求 把握命题的设置 一定量的训练,1）词性一样； 2）词义非常接近； 3）与形式和结构关系不大； 4）与语意关系重大。,近几年的完形填空的体裁有变成“夹叙夹议”的文章。,阅 读 理 解,每年的读速在逐年递增 选材要全面 培养良好的阅读习惯,28456067,不要忘了科普文章，增加时事报道，广告说明文。,培养“扫读”、“跳读”、“从后向前读”、“不一句一句地读”等能力。 指导6点：topmain ideadetails(分析、深层化)作者意图词语的正确理解故事的发展、文章的推理,能力如何形成？,短 文 改 错,三种能力：发现错误的能力
7、、分析判断能力、纠正错误的能力 七个考点：冠词的使用名词复数介词、连词的作用形容词、副词的等级动词时态、形态、语态词语的准确应用句子结构,明白考什么？,短 文 改 错,分类复习（发现能力）； 对比指导（判断能力）； 单句入手（练几百句差不多了，再上文章） 综合强化,对策：,书 面 表 达,“必争不让”： “指导性作文”是教育部给这道题的定性。 “中国式英语”失分最多的结症 要解决“输入量”的问题,不要把重点放在批改，要放在组织背诵上，建议采用多“面批”的办法。,1. (2001-21) Good morning, Grand Hotel. Hello, Id like to book a ro
8、om for the nights of the 18th and 19th. _. A. What can I do for you? B. Just a minute, please. C. Whats the matter? D. At your service.,交际语用型：,2. (2002-23) You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A.
9、 wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say,对情景做出反应(response)，旨在单纯检测考生的语用能力。,以对话为语境依托，目的却在考查语法、词法等。,0.46/ 0.39,(43.2% 选D：听候您的吩咐),交际综合型：,又如：（2003- 35） - I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. - _. It was her fault. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all,又如：（2003-32） -
10、Theres coffee and tea: you can have _. - Thanks. either B. each C. one D. it,sl esp. AmE (as an answer) no; certainly not: “Please do this for me.” “No way, man: do it yourself!” Longman P.748,3. (1998) They _ the train until it disappeared in the distance. A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed 4
11、. (2003-21) Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 5. (1996) Many people agree that _ knowledge of English is a must in _ international trade today. A. a; 不填 B. the; an C. the; the D. 不填; the,C/ U? S!,关键点：,检测点：,语境化：,0.11/ 0.49,S = nouns that are spec
12、ial singular nouns and can be used with a or an but not with one. They can not be counted, and have no plural form. eg. Have a think about it. have a swim/a talk make an answer From: LONGMAN DICTIONATY,6. (2002-22) Excuse for breaking in, _ I have some news for you. A. so B. and C. but D. yet 7. (20
13、02-31) We thought of selling this old furniture, but weve decided to _ it. (It might be valuable.) A. hold on to B. keep up with C. turn to D. look after,并列句：,常用连词有：so, and, when, while, or, but等，其中but的使用频率最高，约占75%,8. (2002-26) Jumping out of _ at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. A.
14、 不填，the B. 不填，an C. an, an D. the, the,简单句：,两个特点：一是题干趋于加长，以充分提供语言环境，二是主要用来检测非谓语动词。,9. (2003-30) Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed,10. (1998-25) European football is played in 80 centuries, _ it the most popula
15、r sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make,又如：_, Angkor Wat is worth visiting, especially after sunset. A. It is said that B. As is said C. We all know D. It is well known to all,二层次陈述：,11. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2001-34) It B. A
16、s C. That D. What,两个句子依次而述，其中一句作为另一句选择项的语境信息。有时，去除信息句可能会出现多个答案。,运用标点手段：,标点符号一般不能创设语意环境，却能创设语言的结构环境。,单项填空题：,语法选择题,单项填空题虽仍以检测基础知识为主，但那枯燥的单纯语法和词法检测题已荡然无存，每道题都设置了一个特定的微型语境，语境成了选择的重要信息，而（语法）结构形式的满足相对被大大淡化了。这就意味着对语法、基础词汇等和教学不应该停留在机械的讲解和操练的层面上，而应该尽可能地创设不同的语言环境，做到“活教”、“活学”。考生只有具备了足够的语言经验和语用经验，才能灵活自如地主宰单项填空题
17、。,1) Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard. - Why _? John is sitting there doing nothing. A. him B. he C. I D. me （2003-34） 2) A left luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. （2003-30） A. should B. can C. must D. will 3) Is John com
18、ing by train? - He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may （2002-25）,特点： 题干加长 考点转移 最佳答案,阅读理解,题型分析,调节“阅读理解”难度的手段：,选材,总词量,背景:文化意识 获取信息,设题,2001: (1509+826)2335/ 66.7wpm 2002: (1483+775)2258/ 64.5wpm 2003: (1454+739)2193/62.7wpm,结构: 篇章 语句,内容: 思想内涵 思维空间,词汇: 数量？ 处理能力！
19、,考查阅读技巧,教学大纲（1993年） ：5060wpm 达到上限,新教学大纲：70wpm (本届高三学生),“无速则无用”,课程标准：（8级）读速未提要求，但对阅读量 要求高：除教材外，课外阅读量应 累计达到36万字。,2000-C Decision-thinking is not unlike poker -it often matters not only what you think , but also what others think you think what you think they think you think . The mental process(过程) is
20、 similar . Naturally , this card game has often been of considerable interest to people who are , by any standards , good thinkers . ,decision-thinking:决策论,要求： 用英文读懂有相当思想内涵的东西，不是为了“哈哈笑” 另外，素质教育的需要：英语教学是为了给学生提供广 阔的思维空间,(2) the game theory 以及两种不同的games (3) 关于business decision 的特点,台湾对高中学生的词汇量要求？,7500,词
21、汇量最终决定我们的语言运用水平！,老师的当务之急？,不在数量，而在如何培养学生的处理词汇的能力。,如何判定“非关键词”或“关键词”,(2000-B) treat: 对待、治疗,(The wife) treated (her husband): 招待,（2001-A） Shanghai: Car rentals(出租) are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center
22、offers a wide variety of choices deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite. 56. The words “deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans ” used in the text refer to _. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers
23、,(2000-A) New York , 10 November 5:27 p.m. , yesterday . Biggest power failure in the citys history . *Thousands of people got stuck in lifts . Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21st and 22nd floors of the Empire State Building . “There were twelve of us . But no one panicked . We passed
24、 the time telling stories and playing word games . One man wanted to smoke but we didnt let him . Firemen finally got us out.” * “It was the best night weve ever had.,” said Angela Carraro . who runs an Italian restaurant on 42nd Street . “We had lots candles on the tables and the waiters were carry
25、ing candles on their trays . The place was full and all night , in fact , for after we had closed , we let the people stay on and spend the night here.” * The zoos had their problems like everyone else . Keepers worked through the right . They used blankets to keep flying squirrels and small monkeys
26、 warm . While zoos had problems keeping warm , supermarkets had problems keeping cool . “All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted,” said the manger of a store in downtown Manhattan . “They were worth $50,0000.” * The big electric clock in the lobby(大厅) of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in downtown Ma
27、nhattan started(滴答) again at 5:25 this morning . It was almost on time.,51. Throughout the period of darkness , Martin Saltzman and the eleven others were _. A. nervous B. excited C. calm D. frightened,52In what way was the night of November 9 the best night for Angela Carraro ? AShe had a taste of
28、adventure. BBurning candles brightened the place. CBusiness was better than usual. DMany people stayed the night in her restaurant.,53How long did the power failure last? ANearly 12 hours. BMore than 12 hours. CNearly 24 hours. DMore than 24 hours.,影响阅读能力的几个因素： 词汇量：阅读扩大词汇提高阅读能力 识别幅(Recognition Span)
29、(指眼睛注视焦点词的同时，能够吸收该词左右两边的词的范围) 识别小则容易造成看了后面的却忘记前面的现象，从而不得不多次回读。以短语、意群、句子甚至段落为视读单位的扫读训练。 阅读习惯：scan, skim 思想高度集中、避免回视、避免出声朗读、更不能通过翻译成汉语来帮助理解。 知识面 语言、语法知识,良性循环,题型分析,难度：2001/ 0.40 2002/ 0.44 2003/ 0.49 2004/?,短文改错,0.45 0.50 之间,技巧：,“题按行出，错从句看”,错从文看：考虑行文逻辑,效度/信度：最佳题型,客观题：信度好，但效度不好； 书面表达题：效度好，信度如何？,(1999) T
30、he Problem with Television Now I cant watch much television but a few years 86._ ago I was used to watch it every night. I was often 87._ a little tired after a days work and watch TV 88. _ demands very little effort. Unfortunate, there are 89. _ too many people among my family. Some wanted 90. _ to see the programme while others preferred 91. _ another. I am happy with any programme but 92. _ the others spent a lot time arguing and there 93. _ was no way of settling the matter except by 94. _ selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. 95. _,one,91. one /another 0.08/ 0.3,