《北师大版六级下册数学全册教案.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《北师大版六级下册数学全册教案.doc（107页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、any longer.However,this reality also worried my designers. As time went by,I was made smaller .First as a PC(personal computer)and then as a laptop,I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.These changes only became possible as my memory improved.First it was stored in tubes,then on tran
2、sistors and later on very small chips.As a resultI totally changed my shape .As I have grown older I have also grown smaller .Over time my memoryhas developed so much that ,like an elephant,I never forgrt anything I have been told !And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it!But I w
3、as always so lonely standing there by myself,until in the 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network .Iwas able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me .I have become very important in communication,finance and
4、 trade I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars .A nyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.I am now truly filled with happiness that I
5、am a devoted friend and helper of the human race !ANDYTHE ANDROIDIm part of an an android football team .About once a year we are allowed to get together to play a game of football.Im as big as a human .In fact ,I look like one too.On the footballteam Im a striker so I have to be able to run very fa
6、st .My computer chips help me to mova and think like a human .For example ,I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer languages to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.My firat football competition was in Nagoya ,Japan several years ago .Last year our team went t
7、o Seattle ,Washington in the USA.We won tsecong place .Personally ,I think the team that won firsy place cheated .They had developed a new type of program just before the competition.So we need to encourage our programer to improve our intelligence too.We are determined to create an even better syst
8、em.In a way our programmet is like our coach.She programs us with moves to use if a new sitation arises.In this way I can make up new moves using my “artifical intelligence “.I would really like to play against a human team,for I have been programmed to act just like them.After all,with the help of
9、my electronic brain which never forgets anything ,using my intelligence is what Im all about!THE SPORTING ROBOTMy name is Hua Fei and I am a sporting robot of the 23rd century.I am an expert at high flying exercises.I jump from spaceship and as I fall I turn,dive,circle and dance until I softly land
10、 as close as I can to the finishing line.Robot competitions in the 23rd century are truly a popular sport.Fans from all over China watch their handheld TVs when a competition comes on.Last time I look part in the 78th Olympic on a flying island above Brussels in the sky.I won the siver medal for my
11、performance .This year I had the honour to be chosen again .I wanted to mmet robots from other countyies and explore ides about our sport.Hower ,my programmer fell ill the week before we were going to leave .It was very painful for her and I felt very frightened.I no longer felt so confident that I
12、would win.The day of the competition was rather could for my legs and my special oil began to fteeze.I paused before I jumped from the starting place on a little spaceship but then I began my performance.At the correct moment I tried to open my parachute but there was a problem.It only opened a litt
13、le .In stead of flying softly to earth I began to fall faster and faster so that I could not turn ,dive,circle or dance.My heart stopped beating as I landed heavily on a mountain covered with snow.This is why I am writing to you from my hospital bed with two broken legs and a fragile head.I did not
14、win anything at the Olympic after all.I need the factory to build me two new legs and an even bigger head.Then I will be able to compete once more .Lets hope foe greater success in the next Olympics! Unit 4(1) How Daisy learned to help wildlifeDaisy had always longed to help endangered species of wi
15、ldlife.One day she woke up and found a flyingcarpet by her bed.“Where do you want to go?”it asked.Daiasy responded immediately.“Id like to see some endangered wildlife,”she said.“please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater.”At once the carpet flew
16、away and took her to Tibet. There Daisy saw an antelope looking sad.It said,“We are being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs.Our fur is being used to make sweaters for people like you .As a reasult,we are now an endangered species.”At that Daisy cried,“Im sorry I didnt know that.I wonder what
17、is being done to help you.Flying carpet,please show me a place where theres some wildlife protection.” The flying carpet travelled so fast that next minute they were in Zimbabwe.Daisy turned around and found that she was being watched by an elephant.“Have you come to take my photo?”it asked.In relie
18、f Daisy burst into laughter.“Dont laugh,”said the elephant,“We used to be an endangered species.Farmers hunted us without mercy.They said we destroyed their farms,and money from tourists only went to the large tour companies.So the government decided to help.They allowed tourists to hunt only a cert
19、ain number of animals if they paid the farmers.Now the farmers are happy and our numbers are increasing.So good things are being done here to save local wildlife.” Daisy smiled.“Thats good news.It shows the importance of wildlife protection,but Id like to help as the WWF suggests.”The carpetRose aga
20、inst and almost at once they were in a thick rainforest.A monkey Watched them as it rubbed itself.“What are you doing?”asked Daisy. “Im protecting myself from mosquitoes,”it replied.“When I find a milipede insect,I rub it over my body.It contains a powerful drug which affect mosquitoes. You should p
21、ay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how theanimals live together.No rainforest,no animals,no drugs.” Daisy was amazed.“Flying carpet,please take me home so I can tell WWFand we can begin producing this new drug.Monkey,please come and help,”The monkey agreed.The carpet fle
22、w home.As they landed,things begin to disappear.Two minutes later everything had gone-the monkey,too. So Daisy was not able to make her new drug.But what an experience!She had learned so much!And there was always WWF (2)Animal extinctionMany animals have disappeared during the long history of the ea
23、rth.The most famous of these animals are dinosaurs.They lived on the earth tens million of years ago,long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them used to live in china.The eggs of twenty-five species h
24、ave been found in Xixia County,Nanyang,Henan province.Not long ago a rare new species of bird-like dinosaur was discovered in Country,liaoning Province.When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.They l
25、earned this from the way the bones were joined together. Dinosaurs died out suddenly about 65million years ago.Some scientists think it came after an unexpected incident when a huge rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust into the air.Others think the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs
26、to live on any more.Nobody knows for sure why and how dinosaur disappeared from the earth in such a short time. We know many other wild plants,animals,insects and birds have died out more recently.According to a UN report ,some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years.The dodo i
27、s one of them.It lived on the Island of Mauritius and was a very friendly animal.Please listen to a story of the dodo and how it disappeared from the earth.(3) The return of the milu deerMy name is Linhui.I like to tell stories about people who work together.What is even better is when countries hel
28、p each other and build a good friendship.An excellent example of this happened when Britain and China worked together to bring the Milu deer back to China. The Milu deer,a species with large horns,used to be common in China long ago.Like other deer they live together and eat grass and the soft parts
29、 of trees such as small branches.Milu deer were often hunted for food or sport in the past.The ,Ming and Qing dynasties did not protect them and many were killed.That is how the Milu deer disappeared from China. Luckily before all of them were killed,some were taken to Britain to improve the environ
30、ment of the beautiful park which belonged to the Duke of Bedford.He liked them so much that he took them all the way from China to Britain.The Milu deer liked the cool,wet weather in England and their number increased year by year.As a result,when in 1985 the government of China wanted to reintroduc
31、e the Milu deer,the Duke of Bedford was happy to help.The first deer came back to China to the Nanhaizi Milu Park 20 kilometers south of Beijing and the centre in Dafeng,Jingsu Province. The deer centainly seem happy to be back in China because their numbers have grown rapidly.There are now so many
32、of them that a new park has been opened for them in Hebei Province.At the moment the Milu deer live in centres where they are being well protected and care for .It is hoped that one day there will be enough animals to let them live in the wild again.So Britain helped China by bringing新课标北师大版六年级下册数学全
33、册教案一、全册教材分析 六年级第二学期是小学阶段最后一个学期，教材从促进学生的发展，为学生进入第三学段的学习打好基础出发，把六年级（下册）的教学内容分成两部分编排。在前二个单元里教学新知识，全面完成标准规定的第二学段的教学内容和具体目标。在总复习里重点地系统复习小学阶段教学的主要知识，在深化理解的同时组织更合理的认知结构，通过适当的练习形成必要的技能，应用知识解决实际问题，培养数学素养。 新授内容仍然分二个领域安排。 “数与代数”领域：比例的有关知识，成正比例和成反比例的量，解决问题的策略。是本册教材的重点内容之一。教学正比例和反比例，着重理解正比例的意义和反比例的意义，让学生在现实的情境中作
34、出相应的判断。根据标准的精神，教材适当加强了正比例关系图像的教学，不再安排解答正比例或反比例的应用题。比例的知识有比例的意义、比例的基本性质和解比例。这些知识有助于理解图形的放大与缩小，能用来解决有关比例尺的问题。在解决问题的策略里，教学转化的思想和方法。转化能使复杂的问题变得简单，能把未知的内容变成已知的内容。所以，转化是重要的认知策略，也是常用的解决问题策略。对于转化思想，学生在前面的学习中已经有较丰富的体验。本册教材继续教学转化，让学生进一步体会和应用，通过具体的转化活动，发展思维的灵活性。 “空间与图形”领域：教学圆柱和圆锥，图形的放大或缩小，确定位置等内容。圆柱与圆锥是本册教材的又一
35、个重点内容，包括圆柱和圆锥的形状特征，圆柱的表面积及计算方法，圆柱和圆锥的体积及计算方法等知识。图形的放大和缩小是小学数学新增加的教学内容，让学生初步了解图形可以按一定的比例发生大小变换。这个内容安排在第三单元里，结合比例的知识进行教学。确定位置也是新增的教学内容，在初步认识方向的基础上，用“北偏东几度”“南偏西几度”的形式量化描述物体所在的具体方向，还要联系比例尺的知识，用“距离多少”的形式描述物体所在的位置。教材严格遵照标准的要求，精选传统小学数学里有关形体的知识，增加与生活密切联系的空间知识，让学生在获得必需的数学事实的过程中发展空间观念。 总复习的内容也按四个领域编排。根据标准里具体目
36、标的设计分类，在“数与代数”领域里把内容分成数的运算、数的认识、式与方程、正比例与反比例四个部分进行复习。把解决实际问题纳入数的运算、式与方程两个部分，突出数学知识的实际应用。“空间与图形”领域里的内容分图形的认识、图形的变换、图形的位置三个部分进行复习。小学阶段的测量主要是线段的长度、图形的面积、物体的体积，教材把测量的内容与图形的认识有机结合起来，能提高复习的效率。“统计与概率”领域的内容分统计、可能性两个部分进行复习。在总复习里还安排了上述三个领域内容的综合应用，分别研究住房面积的变化、旅游费用的预算、调查周围的绿地面积、在生活中如何节约用水。这些问题都具有较强的知识性、实践性、应用性，
37、并富有教育意义。 另外，教材充分关注六年级学生的年龄、心理发展特点和他们对学习的需求，在“你知道吗”里介绍数学知识在经济领域和社会生活里的应用。编排的“思考题”满足部分学生多学一些、学深一些的需求，还多次组织学生自我评价学习的过程与效果。二、全册教学目标知识与技能目标1.让学生在具体情境中理解比例的意义和级别性质，认识成正比例和成反比例的量，体会不同领域数学内容的内在联系，加深对相关数量关系的理解。 2.让学生通过观察、操作、实验和简单推理，认识圆柱和圆锥的基本特征，探索并掌握圆柱和圆锥的体积公式以及圆柱表面积的计算方法；在具体的情境中，初步理解图形的放大和缩小，初步理解比例尺的意义，初步掌握
38、用方向和距离确定物体位置的方法，并能应用这些知识和方法进行简单的操作或解决简单的实际问题。 3.让学生通过系统复习，进一步掌握数与代数、空间和图形、统计和概率等领域的知识和方法，进一步明确相关内容的发展线索和逻辑关联，加深对现实问题中数量关系、空间形式和数据信息的理解，提高综合应用数学知识和方法飞能力。数学思考方面 1.让学生在应用百分数解决相关问题的过程中，进一步培养分析、综合和简单推理的能力，提高用方程表示数量关系的能力，发展抽象思维，增强数感。 2.让学生在认识圆柱和圆锥特征的过程中，丰富对现实空间的感知，进一步增强空间观念；在推导圆柱和圆锥的体积公式以及探索圆柱侧面积和表面积的计算方法
39、的过程中，经历观察、猜想、实验、分析、验证和概括等活动，进一步培养合情推理与初步的演绎推理能力，发展形象思维。 3.让学生在认识图形的放大和缩小、探索并理解比例的意义和性质，以及理解比例尺的意义和应用比例尺解决问题的过程中，进一步体会不同领域数学内容的内在联系，增强用数和图形描述现实问题的意识和能力。 4.让学生在根据方向和距离确定物体位置的过程中，进一步培养观察能力、识图能力和有条理地继续表达的能力，不断增强空间观念。 5.让学生在探索并理解成正比例、反比例的量的过程中，初步体会数量之间相依互变的关系，感受有效表示数量关系及其变化规律的不同数学模型，进一步提升思维水平。 6.让学生在系统复习
40、的过程中，进一步体会知识间的联系和综合，加深对基本数学原理和方法的理解，培养比较、分析、综合、概括的能力，发展思维的整体性、灵活性和深刻性。解决问题方面 1.让学生联系已有的知识和生活经验发现并提出一些数学问题，并主动用百分数、方程、正比例和反比例、圆柱和圆锥的体积公式、圆柱侧面积和表面积的计算方法、图形的放大和缩小、比例尺等数学知识和方法解决问题，进一步发展数学应用意识。 2.让学生在解决有关百分数、圆柱和圆锥体积计算、圆柱侧面积和表面积计算等实际问题的过程中，感受借助计算器解决问题的价值，进一步掌握分析和解决问题的基本方法，体会解决问题方法飞多样性。 3.让学生砸用比例、比例尺、正比例和反
41、比例等知识解决简单实际问题的过程中，体会数形结合的思想对于解决问题的价值，进一步积累和丰富解决问题的有效策略。 4.让学生在用转化的策略解决简单实际问题的过程中，进一步增强解决问题的策略意识和反思意识，培养根据所需解决问题的特点合理选择相应策略的自觉性和能力。 5、让学生在系统复习的过程中，进一步提高综合应用数学知识和方法解释日常生活现象、解释简单实际问题的水平，进一步用不同方式、从不同角度探索解决问题方法的能力，发展创新意识和实践能力。 情感态度方面 1.进一步感受数学思考的确定性和数学结论的严谨性，获得一些成功的体验，锻炼克服困难的意志。 2.进一步培养认真细心的学习习惯，培养发现错误及时
42、订正的良好习惯。 3.进一步感受数学价值，感受数学与生活的密切联系，不断增强学数学、用数学的自觉性。 4.进一步了解有关数学知识的背景，体会数学的广泛应用，培养实事求是的科学态度和对社会的责任感。 5.进一步感受自己在数学知识和方法等方面的收获与进步，发展对数学的积极情感，进一步增强学好数学的信心。三、教学重点、难点 教学重点：圆柱的侧面积和表面积的计算方法、圆柱和圆锥的体积计算方法、比例的意义和基本性质、正比例和反比例、转化的解题策略以及总复习的四个板块的系列内容。 教学难点：圆柱和圆锥体积计算方法的推导、成正比例和反比例量的判断、用方向和距离确定位置、解题策略的灵活运用。四、教学方法教学方
43、法：1、创设愉悦的教学情境，激发学生学习的兴趣。2、提倡学法的多样性，关注学生的个人体验。3、课堂训练形式的多样化，重视一题多解,从不同角度解决问题。4、加强基础知识的教学，使学生切实掌握好这些基础知识。本学期要以新的教学理念，为学生的持续发展提供丰富的教学资源和空间。要充分发挥教材的优势，在教学过程中，密切数学与生活的联系，确立学生在学习中的主体地位，创设愉悦、开放式的教学情境，使学生在愉悦、开放式的教学情境中满足个性化学习需求，从而达到掌握基础知识基本技能，培养学生创新意识和实践能力的目的。学习方式：预习教材，提出知识重点，自己是通过什么途径理解的，还有哪些疑问。通过查阅资料找出解决问题的
44、方法。 教师作为课堂教学的指导者，以学生自主学习为主，主张探究式、体验式的学习方法，培养学生的动手操作能力和发散思维能力。利用小组讨论的学习方式，使学生在讨论中人人参与，各抒己见，互相启发, 自己找出解决问题的方法，体验学习数学的快乐。 六年级数学教学进度表周次进 度课型 1面的旋转 表面积新授练习 2圆柱圆锥的体积新授练习 3练习一练习 4变化的量正比例画一画新授练习 5反比例观察探究新授练习 6图形的缩放比例尺新授练习 7机动 8数的认识复习整理 9数的认识复习整理 10数的运算复习整理 11代数初步复习整理 12图形认识复习整理 13图形与测量复习整理 14图形 变换复习整理 15统计可
45、能性复习整理 16解决问题与策略复习整理 17总复习复习整理 第一单元 圆柱与圆锥单元教学内容：面的旋转 圆柱的表面积 圆柱的体积 圆锥的体积单元教学目标：1、 结合具体情境和操作活动，引导学生整体把握“点、线、面、体”之间的联系。2、 从多种角度探索圆柱和圆锥的特征。3、 探索圆柱表面积的计算方法，发展空间观念。4、 经历圆柱和圆锥体积计算方法的探索过程，体会“类比”的思想。5、 在解决实际问题中用活所学知识，感受数学与生活的联系。单元教材分析：学生已经直观认识了长方体、正方体、圆柱和球，并初步了解了长方形、正方形、圆等平面图形的性质，学习了这些图形的面积计算，学生还认识了长方体（正方体），
46、掌握了长方体（正方体）表面积与体积的含义及其计算方法。在此基础上，本单元进一步学习圆柱和圆锥的知识。本单元主要通过五个活动，引导学生学习面的旋转（圆柱和圆锥的认识）、圆柱的表面积、圆柱的体积、圆锥的体积等内容，并参与实践活动。本单元教材编写力图体现以下主要特点：1.结合具体情境和操作活动，引导学生经历“点动成线”“线动成面”“面动成体”的过程，体会“点、线、面、体”之间的联系教材的第一个活动体现的内容是“由平面图形经过旋转形成几何体”，这不仅是对几何体形成过程的学习，同时体会面和体的关系也是发展空间观念的重要途径，这也是教材将此课题目定为“面的旋转”的原因。教材呈现了几个生活中的具体情境，鼓励
47、学生进行观察，激活学生的生活经验，使学生经历“点动成线”“线动成面”“面动成体”的过程。在结合具体情境感受的基础上，教材又设计了一个操作活动，通过快速旋转小旗，引导学生结合空间想象体会立体图形的形成过程，发展空间观念。教材还提供了若干由面旋转成体的练习。 2.重视操作与思考、想象相结合，发展学生的空间观念操作与思考、想象相结合是学生认识图形、探索图形特征、发展空间观念的重要途径。在本单元中，教材重视学生操作活动的安排，在每个主题活动中都安排了操作活动，促进学生理解数学知识、发展空间观念。如“圆柱的表面积”的教学中，教材引导学生通过操作来说明圆柱的侧面展开后是一个怎样的图形，并呈现了两种操作的方
48、法：一种是把圆柱形纸盒剪开，侧面展开后是一个长方形；另一种是用一张长方形纸卷成圆柱形。再如本单元的最后专门安排了一个“用长方形纸卷圆柱形”的实践活动，先让学生用两张完全一样的长方形纸，一张横着卷成一个圆柱形，另一张竖着卷成一个圆柱形，研究两个圆柱体积的大小；然后组织学生将两张完全一样的长方形纸裁开，把变化形状后的纸再卷成圆柱形，研究圆柱体积的变化，引导学生发现规律，深化对圆柱表面积、体积的认识，并体会变量之间的关系。 3.引导学生经历圆柱和圆锥体积计算方法的探索过程，体会类比等数学思想方法类比是一种重要的数学思想方法，是合情推理时常用的方法。教材重视类比、转化等数学思想方法的渗透。在“圆柱的体积”教学时，教材引导学生经历“类比猜想验证说明”的探索过程。由于圆柱和长方体、正方体都是直柱体，而且长方体与正方体的体积都等于“底面积高”，由