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1、施工组织设计大全网 No: 编号： 黑色聚氨酯（851）屋面防水施工方案 编制： 王英林 审核： 审批： 中建一局（集团）深圳公司 一九九九年八月十五日黑色聚氨酯（简称“851”）屋面防水施工方案1.施工依据相关设计图纸、屋面工程技术规范（国标GB5020794）、广东省建筑防水工程技术规程（广东标准DBJ151997）、深圳建筑防水构造图集A（SJ-A）、防水材料使用说明书及深圳市建设局相关文件。2.概述防水施工的防水等级和设防标准选定后，应根据具体工程特点、使用环境、地区自然条件、施工水平、所设计的其他层次材料间相容性、互补性及具体工程造价来选择性能相当的材料。黑色聚氨酯（以下称851）固
2、化成膜后能形成一种无接缝的橡胶状的弹性体，可做成形状复杂的防水涂膜，并具有优异的拉伸强度、延伸率及不透水性、与水泥具有较强粘结力，施工方便快捷，价格适中，是一种价格性能比较好的产品，在屋面工程中有广泛的应用。与其他防水材料一样，851也有其缺点，主要是涂刷厚度准确性差，在施工过程中容易产生缺陷；由于851涂膜层与找平层连结紧密，在找平层发生开裂时很容易破坏。以上缺点在工程施工中主要通过完善防水设计、提高找平层平整度、改善找平层材料性能以及在防水涂膜中加入胎体增强材料来克服。在传统施工中相当一部分屋面采用保温层在下防水层在上的做法，由于保温材料在施工过程中含有大量水份，在找平层施工完毕后其内水份
3、很难在短时间内散发出去，当上部防水层封闭后，阳光直射使保温层内水份蒸发体积增大几十倍，水蒸气通过找平层使防水层起鼓破坏。经过大量实践证明保温层设在防水层上的倒置式屋面不但可以防止上述情况发生，而且大大减少了日光对防水层的加热和辐射作用，从而很大程度地延长了防水层寿命。倒置式屋面宜采用憎水性或吸水率低的保温材料，当保温层上的保护层采用刚性防水处理时，在成本增加不大的情况下即可极大地提高屋面防水的可靠性。节点通常是屋面渗漏较为严重的部位，为确保工程质量须遵循多道设防和柔性密封的原则，节点部位要有三道以上设防：屋面整体防水层、节点附加防水层、刚性接缝间的密封材料密封。节点部位要形成排水坡度不易积水从
4、而减少渗漏机会。本着防排结合的思想，防水层的找平层也要设排水坡度，这样可以避免积水导致渗漏。另外，人们通常不视女儿墙及压顶为屋面防水一部分，在防水设计时常被遗漏，所以是女儿墙及压顶节点渗漏较多部位。以上两点对防水效果影响很大，在施工中应引起足够重视。3.施工用主要材料要求 屋面防水用主要材料为：851、胎体增强材料、密封材料，胎体增强材料用于增强涂膜层抗外力能力，胎体增强材料通常使用聚酯无纺步或化纤无纺布，不宜采用玻璃纤维布；密封材料用于节点部位施工，用量较少，由于节点部位对整体防水效果有很大影响，所以通常使用弹性较好合成高分子密封材料。材料进场时要有产品合格证、检验报告以及深圳市建设局核发的
5、准用证，每批材料进场须向现场监理、业主代表用标准表格进行报检。以下是各主要材料具体性能及检验要求。 31 851物理性能要求： 固体含量：反应固化型94%，挥发固化型65% 拉伸强度：反应固化型1.65Mpa,挥发固化型0.5MPa 断裂拉伸率：反应固化型300%，挥发固化型400%柔性：反应固化型在-30弯折无裂痕，挥发固化型-20 弯折无裂痕压力大于0.3MPa不透水性：反应固化型30min，挥发固 化型 30min 以上项目为851防水涂料抽检项目，目前深圳建设局通过给防水涂料生产厂下发深圳市准用证的办法来保证涂料质量，深圳市建筑科研院接受试验工作。 3.2胎体增强材料质量要求如下： 外
6、观均匀、无团状、平整无折痕 拉力（宽50mm）：聚酯无纺布（纵向）150N，横向100N 化纤无纺布（纵向）45N，横向35N 延伸率：聚酯无纺布（纵向）10%，横向20% 化纤无纺布（纵向）20%，横向25% 进场材料每3000平方米为一批进行抽检。 3.3合成高分子密封材料 合成高分子密封材料根据性能分为高弹性、弹性及弹塑性三种。高弹性密封材料有聚氨酯建筑密封膏、丙希酸酯建筑密封膏、硅酮密封膏、聚硫建筑密封膏等几类，与851配合施工的主要是聚氨酯建筑密封膏（沙市建筑材料厂、上海汇丽化学建材集团公司、苏州新型建筑材料厂等均有生产），下面是它的主要性能指标： 粘结强度0.5Mpa，延伸率300
7、% 柔性：在-30无裂纹 拉伸压缩率20%，拉伸压缩7000次后破坏面积25% 进场密封材料每一吨为一批进行抽检，检验项目为延伸率和粘结性。4.材料储存保管 4.1运输过程中严防日晒雨淋，禁止接近火源，防止碰撞，保持包装完好无损。 4.2产品应密封放在仓库内，存放于通风阴凉处，禁止接近火源。 4.3产品在有效期内使用。5.施工用具 刮板、电动搅拌器、竹头扫帚、剪子、刮刀、挤压枪、小桶等。6.施工工艺 6.1施工程序基层清理 基层干燥度测定 找平层分格缝密封 节点附加增强层处理 第一层涂料（涂多次，厚度1mm） 铺胎体增强材料 重复刷涂料、铺胎体增强材料 检查、整理 保护层施工防水涂膜应多次涂刷
8、完成。6.2各程序施工要点6.2.1基层要求：水泥砂浆找平层按设计找坡，按6X6m进行分格，分格缝宽度为20mm，用密封油膏进行嵌缝。屋面转角处找平层用抹子抹出圆弧（半径50mm）,水落口周围500mm直径内抹成略微下降的凹坑。找平层砂浆在收水后应二次压光，使表面平整密实，并应充分养护。找平层应平整，不能有起砂、掉皮、起鼓现象。为增加砂浆找平层密实度和抗裂性，应在砂浆中加入膨胀剂。在松软的保温层上施工的找平层宜采用细石混凝土。找平层施工中及完毕后应检查如下方面内容：材料使用及配合比、平整度、排水坡度、转角处圆弧、分格缝处理、水落口处理等。6.2.2基层干燥度测定：在日光下用一块1mX1m的卷材
9、覆盖在找平层上4小时，如其与屋面相接一侧无水印则可施工。6.2.3找平分格缝密封：通常使用的密封材料为甲乙组份，施工时将两组份材料按规定比例混合后用挤压枪嵌入缝内，嵌入缝的密封材料应密实、均匀、无断头和空洞，嵌缝后用刮刀修整表面。6.2.4节点处理防水节点根据建筑特点、环境状况，考虑到屋面因结构、温差、收缩、和震动等因素产生变形，要采用节点密封、防排结合、刚柔互补、多道设防的做法来满足使用要求。以下是两个典型的防水节点图：224 1 3 4 5857 6 4 6 7 1 8 9、找平层、密封材料、涂膜附加层 1、女儿墙 2、密封材料 3、防水层 、防水层、附加涂膜层 6、保护层1 4、保护层
10、5、防水附加层 6、保温层 7、水落口 8、保护层2 7、结构 8、防水保护层 9、防水找平层 雨落管节点图 女儿墙节点图节点施工时应严格按设计图纸及相关规范施工，采用851涂膜防水施工时要在转角处附加防水层为：一层或两层带有胎体增强材料涂膜层，深圳建筑防水构造图集中有详细表述。节点处密封材料嵌缝深度要与其嵌缝宽度成0.50.7的比例，以防嵌缝深度过深或过浅影响效果。嵌缝用密封材料通常选用与涂膜材料相配的品牌，如选用上海汇丽公司851时，可选用其生产的汇丽M880建筑密封膏。 6.2.5涂料施工：第一次涂刷之前应对找平层进行检查并用略湿拖把将找平层上灰拖净，涂膜施工时严格按说明书配比将甲乙料用
11、电动搅拌器拌和，第一次可适量掺入稀释剂以改善其流动性。涂刷时应均匀，要反复刮涂，不得有露底现象。当有气泡产生时，用竹头扫帚将气泡扎破。 大面积涂刷前，应先对水落口、板端缝、阴阳角、天沟、檐口等节点部位作附加增强处理，铺设两层胎体增强材料，板缝处还要设空铺附加层。板端缝和阴阳角增强层和空铺层设胎体材料时，距中心每边宽度不小于80mm.第一层涂料经两次以上涂刷，其厚度应大于1mm，然后再进行胎体增强材料铺贴。 两度施工间隔时间应随气温不同而自行控制，间隔时间过长两层间粘接不牢易剥离，间隔时间过短施工困难，一般应控制在前一层表干不粘脚为宜。涂膜防水层收头处应超过胎体增强材料20mm，并应至少再增加两
12、遍涂料予以加强。6.2.6铺胎体增强材料：胎体增强材料铺设时要考虑屋面排水坡度，当屋面排水坡度大于15%时可垂直屋脊方向铺设，当屋面排水坡度小于15%时可平行屋脊方向铺设。胎体增强材料长边搭接宽度不应小于50mm；短边搭接宽度不应小于70mm。采用两层胎体增强材料时，上下层不能垂直铺设，长度方向搭接缝要错开1/3幅宽。6.2.7注意事项：涂料施工前要组织现场监理、业主代表对找平层进行验收，取得书面许可后方可施工。在涂膜完成后要及时组织质检站、现场监理、业主代表进行蓄水或淋水试验，在取得书面许可后再进行下一步施工。涂膜施工后四小时内不能有雨或受水。涂膜施工后应检查其厚度及外观质量，不宜立即撒砂保
13、护，因为撒砂后会对涂膜修补带来很大不便。7.防水施工现场检查 现场检查内容详见建筑防水工程技术规程（DBJ151997）附录A之规定。8.防水施工质量评定 详见建筑防水工程技术规程（DBJ151997）附录A之规定。9.防水施工资料内容如下： 9.1防水设计图（包括变更通知单） 9.2施工方案 9.3材料质量证明文件、材料进场报审表 9.4分项工程检查记录 9.5中间检查记录 9.6隐蔽工程验收记录 9.7施工日志 9.8施工单位资质证明、操作人员上岗证 9.9蓄水、淋水试验记录 9.10工程竣工验收记录9.11其他相关技术资料 中 建 一 局 深 圳 公 司1999.8.15 别墅设计图纸大
14、全网（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervi
15、sion of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, fo
16、cusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the inter
17、pretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party.
18、 and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Yea
19、rs, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masse
20、s of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, refl
21、ects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to
22、manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibite
23、d provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, an
24、d is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable
25、 to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party con
26、stitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations
27、first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of th
28、e Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central d
29、eployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revis
30、ion, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The
31、 first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notic
32、e to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Co
33、mmission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two re
34、gulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision wo
35、rk and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in
36、front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses p
37、arty consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline
38、 Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virt
39、ue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance w
40、ith the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, e
41、mphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive
42、 reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the p
43、arty at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with