2013考研英语二之大作文.ppt

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1、英语（二）写作,以下选手退出,She is my watch sister. You go,you go.ok, I go. I thought I am can flying. Mountain people mountain sea Fuck do computer Blood flower anger open,写： 他非常喜欢英语,He likes english very much He enjoy learning English very much He is interested in english very much He is greatly fond of englis

2、h He is intensively interested in english He takes tremendous/remarkable/considerable interest in english.,写： 小汤姆家巨穷无比，他根本不能去上学。,Little Tom is too poor to go to school little Tom is so poor that he is unable to go to school. So poor is little tom that he is unable to Little tom is perpetually strugg

3、ling against poverty, thus he is unable to afford the educational tuition. It is poverty that enables little tom fail to,越来越多的人认为保护环境就是保护我们自己。 More and more people believe. More and more people realize There is an increasing number of people who are convinced that,Tom大言忠告,写作中要 保持1个主题,关注的三个方面,写作的5步曲,

4、审题-要我们写什么 构思-我们可以写什么 列提纲-按照什么思路写 落笔-写成什么样 检查-预览结果，防止粗心,写作的7宗罪,不会用英语表达 I am can flying 语言表达错误众多 无话可说(反复倒粪) 表达比较平庸 作文跑题 文章结构混乱 主题段落难以扩展,考研英语二大作文 图表题 要求分两点或三点，都要写三段！ 图表分类举例,图作文之圆形饼状图,The pie charts show changes in American spending patterns between 1966 and 1996,如何描述下面图形中数据的变化？,看图表，并思考以下问题： 概述两图描述了什么（需

5、要对象和时间）？ 两图中哪两种消费方式 占的比例比较大？各自又有什么变化（数据说明）？ 两图中还有哪些消费方式发生了变化？变化特征大吗？具体有什么变化（数据说明）？ 两图中哪些消费方式相对变化不大？对应数据是什么？ “占”多少百分比如何丰富表达？必要的时候，一些特殊的百分比用什么适当的英文单词来表达？,描述举例,Food and cars made up the two biggest items of expenditure in both years. Together they comprised over half of household spending. Food account

6、ed for 44% of spending in 1966, but this dropped by two thirds to 14% in 1996. However, the outlay on cars doubled, rising from 23% in 1966 to 45% in 1996.,随手写写绿色词汇哦。,Other areas changed significantly. Spending on eating out doubled, climbing from 7% to 14%. The proportion of salary spent on compute

7、rs increased dramatically, up from 1% in 1996 to 10% in 1996. However, as computer expenditure rose, the percentage of outlay on books plunged from 6% to 1%,Some areas remained relatively unchanged. Americans spent approximately the same amount of salary on petrol and furniture in both years,Note on

8、 Pie chart 圆形图(Pie chart)也称为饼状图或圆面分割图。圆形图因为比较形象和直观，各部分空间大小差别容易分辨，所以常用来表示总量和各分量之间的百分比关系。整个圆表示总量，楔形块表示分量。有时圆形图还有数值表，两者结合可把各分量表示得更准确、清楚 。,饼状图举例2,This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain （图略）,As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average Briti

9、sh family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transpor

10、t, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.,图作文之柱状图,如何描述下面图形中数据的变化？,global sales of games software, CDs and DVD or video.,看图表，并思考以下问题： 每种颜色的柱子随时间变迁呈现何种变化趋势特征？ 哪种颜色的柱子变化幅度大？起点值和终点值各是多少？变化幅度平均值大约多少？ 哪两种颜色的柱子变化幅度小？起点值和终点值各是多少？可否在写作时另取一段放在一块描述？,The chart shows the chan

11、ges in the sales of video material / DVDs, games software and CDs around the world in billions of dollars over a three-year period. It can be seen that the sales of videos / DVDs and games software have increased, while the sales of CDs have gone down slightly.,Between 2000 and 2003, the sale of vid

12、eos and DVDs rose by approximately 13 billion dollars. In 2000, just under 20 billion dollars worth of these items were sold, but in 2003, this figure had risen to a little over 30 billion dollars.,The sales of games software also rose during this period, but less sharply. Sales increased from about

13、 13 billion dollars in 2000 to just under 20 billion dollars three years later. By contrast, during the same time period, the sale of CDs fell from 35 billion dollars in 2000 to about 32.5 billion dollars in 2003.,图作文之曲线图,如何描述下面的变化？,The line graph shows estimated sales of gold in Dubai for 12 months

14、 in 2002 in millions of dirhams.,看图要思考： 曲线有何规律特征？ 根据曲线特征，其大致可以分成几大段以便写作描述？ 峰值、谷值各自多少？对应的月份又是什么？ 曲线变动过程中有无出现平稳？,There were two main seasons for gold sales： The main season for sales is in the December to May period. Sales were consistently above 200 million dirhams per month, rising sharply to a peak

15、 of 350 million dirhams in March. However, for the next four months, sales declined steadily, reaching an annual low of 120 million dirhams in July.,随手写蓝题词汇哦,In August, there was a sudden increase. Sales almost doubled, rising from 120 million dirhams in July to 210 million dirhams in August. This w

16、as followed by a drop in September, back to the July figure.,From September to October, sales recovered, from 120 to 180 million. In October and November, sales remained steady, and there was a small increase in December to 190 million dirhams. In conclusion, the main sales period is in the early pa

17、rt of the year, slumping in the summer, except for a sudden increase in August.,完整的出题形式？,例1 题目：Changes in Peoples Diet Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to : 1. state the changes in peoples diet (饮 食)

18、in the past five years; 2. give possible reasons for the changes; 3. draw your own conclusions.,例2 题目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline; 1. Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph; 2.

19、Possible reasons for the decline of car accidents in the city; 3. Your predictions of what will happen this year.,例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base

20、your composition on the following instructions (given in Chinese): 1. 以下图为依据描述发展中国家的期望寿命(life expectancy)和婴儿死亡率(infant mortality)的变化情况 2. 说明引起变化的各种原因,Note： 从以上例子可见，图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们： 1)用文字描述图表，客观描述图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势; 2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。,图表作文的写作要

21、领,图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。 写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。,图表作文的写作建议：,文章的第一段往往分析图表中的数据变化反映什么问题或趋势，概述图表所揭示的信息 ，即： 图表反映的主题思想,第二段分析造成这一问题或趋势的原因 ，即： 分析产生的原因,第三段则展望未来的情况或提出解决问题的办法或建议 ，即 展望未来或提出方法或建议 注意：这

22、一段，如果只是要求评论的题型，要略写！,第一段写作,如果只有一个变量，有三个数据， As can be seen clearly in the chart, the average number of hours a student spends on Internet every week has increased from 2 hours in 1998 to 8 hours in 2006. 如果是最常见的是2*3的情形， According to the information implied in the chart, we can see clearly that in a bi

23、g city in China, state owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period.,如果是1*n(n3)的情形，将头与尾描述出来即可，比较好的方法就是在句中描述最后一个与第一个相比变化了多少。 碰到多变量、每个变量多数据的情形，大家应首先进行分类，分成上升、下降两类，或者上升、下降、不变三类，如此，问题可以得到解决

24、。,持续变化的data在不同情况下,增加：increase / rise / go up 减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall 波动：fluctuate / rebound / wave 稳定：remain stable 改变：change,必须知道的变化词,表示变化的程度词,rapid/rapidly 迅速的，飞快的，险峻的 dramatic/dramatically 戏剧性的，生动的 significant/significantly 有意义的，重大的，重要的 sharp/sharply 锐利的，明显的，急剧的 steep/steeply 急剧升降的

25、steady/steadily 稳固的，坚定不移的 gradual/gradually 渐进的，逐渐的 slow/slowly 缓慢的，不活跃的 slight/slightly 轻微的、略微地 stable/stably 稳定的,要记得开动你的笔啊，写写写，记记记,描述变化经典句子,第一段第一句话 如图所示 As is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table 该图为我们提供了有关有趣数据。 The graph provides some interesting data regarding,这个曲线图描述了的趋

26、势 this is a cure graph which describes the trend of,从图中可以看出，发生了巨大变化 as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in 从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到 from the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly that it is clear/apparent from the chart that 这个图表向我们展示了 this is a graph which illustrates,thi

27、s table shows the changing proportion of a & b fromto 该表格描述了年到年间a与b的比例关系。 the graph，presented in a pie chart， shows the general trend in 该图以圆形图形式描述了总的趋势。,this is a column chart showing 这是个柱型图，描述了 as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuation of 如图所示，两条曲线描述了的波动情况。,第一段第2句第4/5句中必备 描

28、述变化之不变 over the period fromtotheremained level. 在至期间，基本不变 the number ofremained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）。 月（年）至月（年）的数量基本不变。,there is not a great deal of difference betweenand与的区别不大 the percentage remained steady at 比率维持在,描述变化之 增加 .the number sharply went up to 数字急剧上升至 the grap

29、hs show a threefold increase in the number of 该图表表明的数目增长了三倍。,.a considerable increase/decrease occurred fromto到发生急剧上升 （year）witnessed/saw a sharp rise in 年急剧上升 .there is an upward trend in the number of 数字呈上升趋势,the situation reached a peak（a high point at） of%. 的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为百分点。 the figures peake

30、d atin（month/year）的数目在月（年）达到顶点，为,a is times as much/many as b. a是b的倍。 a increased by a增长了 a increased to a增长到,be similar to 与相似 be the same as 与相同,描述变化之 降低 the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.数字（情况）达到底部（低谷） fromtothe rate of decrease slow down. 从到，下降速率减慢。 from this year on，there

31、was a gradual decline/ reduction in the，reaching a figure of 从这年起，逐渐下降至,decreased year by year whileincreased steadily. 逐年减少，而逐步上升,比较 Compared with is still increased by There was a very steady (marked/sharp/rapid/sudden/ dramatic) drop (decrease/ decline/ fall/ reduction) in 1998/ compared with tha

32、t of last year). While but,表示“分别“的副词 Respectivelyin the 2004 Olympics, China and Russia won X and Y gold medals 表示“大约“的副词或者词组 About, around, approximately, roughly, just over, just under,例如:,1. Describe the differences of the income sources between Chinese and American students. 2. Analyze possible

33、reasons for these differences. 3. Predicate future tendency. Source of income Percentage of Total Income _ Parents Part-time job Fellowship or Scholarship American students 50% 35% 15% Chinese students 90% 5% 5% _,Income sources of Chinese students are quite different from those of American students

34、. In China, students get 90% of their money from their parents while in America, only 50% of students money is provided by parents. In addition, Chinese students earn only 5% of their money from part time jobs and 5% from fellowship or scholarship while income from these two resources for American s

35、tudents takes up 35% and 15% respectively of their total income.,交通事故图表第1段举例,From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. Fr

36、om June on, the rate was rising again and reached the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, its obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990. 主题句/概述表格反映的内容(5)反映交通事故的变化情

37、况(6)小结：总结表格数据反映的总趋势,第2段和第3段同社 会现象类的作文,模板雏形,第一段（一升一降一不变，一缓慢） What a thought-provoking and illuminating chart it is! As is apparently depicted in the chart, it is obvious that（内容）soared from（数据）in（年份） to（数据） in（年份）, While, as a sharp contrast, （内容）decreased from（数据）in（年份） to（数据） in（年份）.In addition ,（内

38、容）was almost the same in（年份）and（年份）./（there was only a slow increase from（数据）in（年份） to（数据） in（年份）,第二段（解释具体原因） Why does this phenomenon revealed in the chart above appear? Several reasons accounting for the situation can be what follows. To begin with ,I am strongly convinced that this is partly duo

39、to the fact that（原因一）, In addition, this is partly because ，（原因二）, Last but not least, that is no denying that because of,people surely tend to 原因三）. Maybe there are some other reasons bringing about this phenomenon, but it is generally believed that the above-mentioned reasons are commonly acceptab

40、le.,第三段（发表个人观点） From the analyses made above , we may come to the conclusion that（结论）. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded，and I do believe that only on the basis of(主题短语)can we have the chance to get a better access to 主题。,经典模板从中学（见另外两个文件）,词汇整容必备,1.all each and every (student) ever

41、y single 2.almost approxima tely practica lly 3.although admitting that conceding that,4.always consistently consta ntly continually eternally perpetually 5.because considering that,6.good,bad favorable desirable satisfactory bad: un- undesirable/unsatisfactory,7.enable empower sb to sth facilitate

42、sb to do sth 8.like appreciate be crazy about delight in rejoice in take pleasure in,9.enough abundant adequate sufficient ample 10.important essential vital crucial Fundamental indispensable,11.let(sb do) allow sb to do authorize sb to do give permission to 12.now nowada ys at present at these days

43、 13.really undoubted ly absolutely genuinely,14.many a multitude of an ocean of a sea of a mass of ma ny if not most EM:a multitude of colled ge student are crazy about pla ying games ,and accordingly,when it comes to the exam,they found that their grades are undesirable,15.more and more n.+in /grow

44、ing/increasing/significa nt/numbers 16.more and more +adj (em.important) =increasingly important,17.most+n.(em.student) =an overwhelmingly majority of a significant proportion of a sizable percentage of,18.think harbor the idea that take the attitude that hold the view that it is widely shared that

45、it is universally acknowledged that,19. show depict illustrate demonstrate displa y ma nifest revea l,20.very exceedingly excessively extremely noticeably surpassingly unusua lly 21.want long for doing sth thirst for doing yearn for doing,22.not by no means em:I will study english by no mea ns. 23.c

46、an be competent to do sth be capable of doing,24.good looking/natured attractive presentable benevolent gracious 25.famous distinguished eminent renewed celebra ted prominent,段落扩展的万能思路,科学论据 举例子 虚拟语气,科学论据法 根据一项调查表明 1. According to a survey. 2. According to one of the latest survey conducted by a cert

47、ain international organization, (注意：列举数字后,后面需要一个定语从句来补充说明 ),例子：每年，法国巴黎市民花费在养狗上的费用价值$1，000，000美元，可以够日本人吃一年的！ According to one of the latest survey, money spent on pets in the city of Paris is as much as $1,000,000,000, which can feed all the Japanese in the world for a whole year.,举例子 notice:例子的选择方法

48、普遍的例子 将个别例子变为普遍例子的方法,例子1：我们人类历史上与这个话题相关的例子有很多，下面这个是最有说服力的 Our human history has been filled with a variety of examples of , with the following one being the foremost. 注意：With的伴随结构中非谓语动词,例子2：在我所听到的，看到的，经历过的所有和这个话题相关的例子之中，最有说服力的是 Among all the touching facts relating to that I have heard, noticed, and experienced, the most impressive one is ,例子3：除了这个例子，我找不到更有说服力的了 I can think of no better exampl