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1、大学英语四级考试翻译的复习和应试,基础部外语教研室 刘娜 二00二.六.六,1.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.(93年考题）,2.The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression o
2、f the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.（94年考题）,Part One 定语从句的译法,前置法,例1.The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same meaning as the word you wish to define: fa
3、ce for countenance, nervousness for anxiety.,例2.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. (90年考题),英语原文的定语 从句翻译成 带“的”的定语 词组, 放置于被 修饰的词之前。,例1.第一种方法是同义词法,
4、即给出一个与要释义的词在意义上几乎相同的, 如用face表示countenance, 用nervousness表示anxiety。,例1.The first method is to give a synonym, a word that has nearly the same meaning as the word you wish to define: face for countenance, nervousness for anxiety.,例2.Behaviourists, in contrast, say that difference in scores are due to t
5、he fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. (90年考题),例2.相反, 行为主义者认为, 成绩的差异是由于黑人常常被剥夺了白人在教育及其他外界环境方面所享有的许多有利条件而造成的。,二、后 置 法 把原文定语从句翻译 成并列的分句, 放置于它所修词的后面。例如：,例3.They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of eve
6、ry Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.,他们正在为实现 一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人 所珍爱的, 在过去,许多中国人 曾为了这个理想 而牺牲了自己的生命。,他的妻子蓓蒂是一位出生在上海的华人，八岁离开中国，写过一本题为月亮的书，记述她妹妹姗姗在中国的生活。,例4.His wife, Betty, is a Shanghai-born Chinese who left China at the age of eight, and whose book, “The Mo
7、on”, tells of her sister Sansans life in China.,对英语中有些兼有状语从句职能的定语从句,可翻译成汉语中相应的偏正复合句。,三、翻译成状语从句,例5.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old. 他不记得他父亲了, 因为他父亲死时他才三岁。,例6.Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. 如果认
8、为理性知识不必由感性知识得来, 那他就是一个唯心主义者。,在办公室里, 工作人员将各种数据、表格和信息加以汇编, 以便让经理或主管人员了解他们的商店或工厂目前正在发生的情况。,例7.In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories. (85年考题),Part Two 被动语态的译法,一. 翻译成汉语的主动句,1.英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。,
9、例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.,其他问题将简单地加以讨论。,例2. Nuclear powers danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.,核能对健康、安全，甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词-辐射来概括。,2.例3.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow t
10、he latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.,例4. It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.,例3.Television, it is often sa
11、id, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.,人们常说，电视使人了解时事，熟悉科学政治领域的最新发展变化，并能源源不断地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目。,例4. It is generally accepted that the exp
12、eriences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.,人们普遍认为，孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。,将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语，同时增补泛指性的词语（人们，大家等）作主语。,可适用于这一翻译方法的常用结构： It is asserted that有人主张 It is believed that有人认为 It is generally considered that大家（一般人）认为 It is well known that大
13、家知道（众所周知） It will be said有人会说 It was told that有人曾经说,3. 将英语原文中做状语的介词 短语翻译成译文的主语。例如：,例5.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.(93年考题）,许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过
14、程相比，而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。,例6. Great effort should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.（82年考题） 应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害，特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。,4. 翻译成汉语的无主句。例如：,适用于此翻译方法的常用结构： It is hoped that希望 It is reported that据报道 It is said that据说 It is supposed that据推
15、测 It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说 It must be admitted that必须承认 It must be pointed that必须指出 It will be seen from this that由此可见,例7. The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。,5. 翻译成带表语的主动句。例如：,例8. Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not
16、by Man. 地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。,二 翻译成汉语的被动语态。,例9. Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.(95年考题）,工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。,Part Three Translation Exercises,1.Researche
17、rs have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive(认知的)areas such as attention and memory.,1.研究人员证实人们在动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生化变化，使头脑在注意力和记忆力这类认知领域中更加有效地活动。,2. Too often we believe what accounts for others success
18、is some special secret or a lucky break(机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious.,2.我们常常相信别人的成功是由于某种特殊的奥秘或是由于某种机遇，但成功极少是如此神秘的。,3. The door of this was always kept shut,but a broken window high in the wall was an invitation to any normal cat.,3.这里的门总是关着的，但是墙上方的那扇破窗户对于任何一只普通的猫来说的确是一种诱惑。,4. For the pop
19、ulation as a whole,we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides（杀虫剂） that invisibly pollute our world.,4.从人口的总体考虑，我们必须更多的关注摄入少量的，在不知不觉中污染我们世界的杀虫剂所造成的延缓效应。,5. Aristotle,for example,whose natural science dominated western thought for two thousand year
20、s,believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident（不证自明的，不言而喻的） principles.,5.以亚里士多德为例，他的自然科学思想统治了西方二千年。亚里士多德认为，人类可以通过不言而喻的法则进行推理来了解现实世界。,6. He still has the Purple Heart awarded him after he was wounded, although he has had a difficult time keeping it. Hi
21、s girlfriends, explains the bachelor,have wanted to wear it.,6.他仍保存着受伤之后被授予的紫心勋章，虽然有一阵差一点留不住它。这位单身汉解释说，他的几位女朋友都曾想佩戴这枚勋章。,7. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food,space and natural resources,it will be the first concern of government to
22、place a limit on the birth rate,whatever the consequences maybe.,7.在发展中国家，无限膨胀的人口对有限的食品，空间和自然资源造成了巨大的压力，因此，政府的当务之急就是控制生育，无论其后果如何。,8. New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquires;however, the new rule;came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously wounded
23、.,8.新的安全法规的提出往往是这些调查的结果，然而，新法规对于保护那些已经死亡或严重受伤的人来说，是来的太迟了。,9. Often however,the ambitions that parents have for their children are another cause of the division between them.Often they discover that they have very little in common with each other.,9.然而父母对子女的期望过高往往也使两代人产生隔阂。他们常常感到彼此之间很少有共同之处。,10. Thes
24、e souvenir collectors chip off pieces of stone when the guards are not looking.This activity seems to be tolerated by other tourists standing nearby,as few complaints are ever recorded.,10.这些纪念品收集者趁警卫没看见时敲掉一些石屑。旁观的旅游者似乎对此行为采取容忍态度，因为几乎没有什么人埋怨。,12. The creation of synthetic protein from petroleum to h
25、elp feed men and cattle is high on the list of current oil company research projects in some countries.,12.从石油中制造蛋白质来为人类和牲畜提供食物，在某些国家已成为石油公司当前研究计划中的重要项目。,13. If you are interested in science,statistics,or engineering,which are based on mathematics,you will need to be an expert in this field.,13.如果你有
26、志于科学，统计学或工程学等以数学为基础的学科，那你在数学方面也应是一个专家。,14. The problem has been how to make use of the tremendous power which the earth receives from the sun every day.,14.地球每天都从太阳那里获得巨大的能量，问题是如何利用这些能量。,15. By experimentation,imagination,and reasoning,mathematics are discovering new facts and ideas that science and
27、 engineering are using to change our civilization.,15.数学家们通过实验、想象和推理，正在不断发现各种新的论据和新的概念，以便供科学家们和工程师们用来改造我们的文明世界。,16. So my chances of getting to China are pretty slim,although I have not given up my efforts to get a passport that will enable me to visit the countries of socialism.,16.因此，我到中国来的希望相当渺茫，
28、虽然我并没有放弃努力来争取一张护照，以便访问社会主义国家。,17. It is not a place where anyone would particularly expect to see strangers on the street.,17.这里，人们特别不容易在街上见到陌生人。,18. An observer watching the sky on any clear moonless night can easily observe streaks of light flashing across it every now and then.,18.一位星空观察者在任何一个晴朗无
29、月的夜空里，都能很清楚地观察到时而划过夜空中的光的条痕。,19. Had Kenneth Copley(肯尼斯.科普利)left his new play,Sunshine Charley,on his writing desk rather than allowing it to be brought to the stage,he would have been doing theater-goers a favor.,19.假如肯尼斯.科普利把他的新剧本，欢乐的查理丢在案头，而不是准其上演的话，那他就是在为常去看剧的人作件大好事。,20. The problem of air pollu
30、tion is not easy to solve,but more will have to be done to prevent the poisoning of the air we all must breathe.,20.空气污染问题是不易解决的，但为了防止我们大家所必须呼吸的空气被毒化，必须做更多的努力。,21. Without any preliminary talk and quite suddenly and abruptly, he had told her that he was a victim of heart disease and might die at any
31、 moment.,21.他未经任何预先透露，而且十分突然和生硬地告诉她说他患了心脏病，并且可能随时离开人世。,22. The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientists time-keeping method. For this reason,scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise time-keeping.,22.科学观察和计算上的精确性总是受制于科
32、学家使用的计时方法。因此，科学家们对那些能更精确计时的仪器情有独钟。,23. It was not yet eleven oclock when a boat crossed the river with a single passenger who had obtained his transportation at that unusual hour by promising an extra fare.,23.快到（夜间）十一点钟时，一只小船只载着一位乘客渡河，这位乘客答应在这非常的时候多付船费才得以乘船过河。,24. Since families have similar genes
33、as well as similar environment,familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences,to shared environmental factors,or to both.,24.由于家族具有相似基因，又具有相似的生活环境，家族遗传疾病可能归因于基因的影响或环境因素，或两者兼而有之。,25. A noted scientist,Ellsworth Huntington(1876-1937)(艾尔沃斯.亨廷顿),concluded from other mans work and his own am
34、ong peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities.,25.著名科学家艾尔沃斯.亨廷顿（1876-1937）从他人的研究工作中以及他自己对生活在不同气候条件下的民族的研究中得出结论：气候和气温对人们的智力有一定的影响。,27. The latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and both money
35、and time of journeys to work for the suburban resident.,27.后者忽视了向分散居住的社区提供充分的服务需要较高的花费，以及郊区居民上下班既费钱又费时间。,28. Like most people,I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting.It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery:giving-away makes life so much more excit
36、ing.,28.像大多数人一样，我受到的教育是把生活看成是一个“索取”的过程，直到我三十八九岁时我才得到一个重要的发现：“给予”使生活更加激动人心。,29. There is no doubt that many similar scientific and technological developments will have taken place by the time the writers of the 2030s sit down to look forward another 50 years to speculate on life in the 2080s.,29.无疑，许
37、多类似的科学和技术发展将在二十一世纪三十年代发生，那时候的作家们坐下来讨论并展望再过五十年，即二十一世纪八十年代的生活情景。,30. On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time,dressed as usual,but she didnt go to the club.Instead she took a short cut home again, letting herself in through her garden and the back door.,30.此后的那个星期四，她又在同样的时间，与往常一样的穿着出去了。但她这次没有去俱乐部，而是抄近路，穿过自家的花园，从后门又回到了家里。,The End,Thanks!,