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1、,中考英语阅读理解 猜测词义题答题策略 By 李亚红,所谓猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。它是一种非常有用的阅读技巧，通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断，能提高阅读速度和阅读能力。,猜测词义的技巧,以定义为线索猜测词义 以对词的举例及解释猜测词义 以构词法猜测词义 以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义 以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义 以重述为线索猜测词义 以因果关系为线索猜测词义,定义法（definition）,利用文章中对词的定义猜测词义，由于作者知道某个词读者可能不认识，便在句中给该
2、词下个定义以帮助读者理解。下定义是最容易辨认的一种语境线索，定义的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with ,be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify等；,Examples,Anthropology is the scientific study of man. Ventilation, as you know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important par
3、t in the field of engineering. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. Such experiences are not unusual for the amateur conchologists, people who collects shells.,Anthropology 人类学 Ventilation 通风系统 Prestidigitato
4、r 变戏法的人 Conchologists 贝壳学者,举例法,利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜测词义。举例常用词：such as, for example, for instance等等。 例：In the corner there maybe a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls, and sometimes hung with gifts. Ornaments 饰品,构词法（word-building）,利用词的前缀和后
5、缀及复合词等方法猜测词义。 He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes. Then Jonny came out and told us an extraordinary story. semiconscious 半清醒的 extraordinary 非凡的，离奇的,以同义词、近义词为线索猜测词义,有时作者为了使他的意思表达得更清楚明白，通常用一个同义词或近义词来解释另一个比较难的词或关键词，这些同义词或近义词为读者推断生词词义提供了线索。另外，有时作者在表达同一概念时喜欢用两个或更多的同义词或近义词
6、，其中必定有读者所熟悉的词，根据已知的词语，就不难推断出生词的词义。 or 有时课作为识别同义词或近义词的信号词。 like (像一样），asas（如同一样），the same as (与.相同）等也可以作为识别生词的同义词或近义词的信号词，以这些词为线索，有时也可以推断出生词的词义。,The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. The principle of the school was an olde
7、r woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. supersedes 取代 plump 肥胖的,以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义,有时作者运用对比的手法来表现事物之间的差异。在进行对比的过程中，作者必然会用一些互为反义的词语使不同事物的特点更为突出。通过上下文的逻辑关系，从对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述中，读者可以根据其中一个熟悉的词推断出另一个生词的词义。 另外，在表示这种关系时，作者通常会用一些信号词来表明另一个词语与前面词语互为反义，这些信号词无疑为读者理解和猜测生词词义提供了非常好的线索。常用来表示对应关系和提供相反信息的信号
8、词有: but, yet, however, while, whereas, otherwise, in spite of , despite, even though, although, thought, unlike, instead (of), rather than, nevertheless, on the other hand, still, by contrast, on the contrary, in the end, compared to 等,In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, howe
9、ver, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. 此句中，以信号词 however 为线索，可以看出作者把现在的事情与过去进行对比。过去是“in an orderly way“ 而现在是 ”in a state of turmoil“,过去是秩序井然，现在则是相反，那就是一片混乱。,以重述为线索猜测词义,有时作者在阐述某个概念或某一事情时，为了把它讲述得更清楚，他可能采取另一种方式重述一下前面的内容。这种重述往往比前面表达更为简单易懂的词语。后面这种简单易懂的词语无疑为前面较难的词语提供了猜测的线索。因此，读者在阅读的过程中如遇到生词时，不要
10、停下来，不妨看一下该生词后面是否有另一种阐述或解释。表达重述，作者也经常使用一些信号词，这些信号词有 in other words, that is to say, or that is, i.e., to be precise 等。,Before the main business of a conference begins the chairman usually makes a short preliminary (i.e introductory) speech, or make a few preliminary remarks. In other words, he says a
11、 few things by way of introduction. Archaeology, the study about ancient things, is my favorite. I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily.,以因果关系为线索猜测词义,因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的、能提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一定的原因会导致一定的结果：某一结果是由某种原因所引起的。作者在叙述原因的过程中，必然会把词或句子置于一种因果关系的逻辑之中，这无疑为读者推断生词词义提供了很好的线索。作者通常会
12、用一些信号词表示句子之间的因果关系，这些信号词有 since, as, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so that, so. that, such.that 等。,Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye couldnt tel
13、l the difference.,Exercise,It is the moment for your big exam. You wait anxiously for the test to drop onto your desk. Your teacher says to begin. You pick up your pencil, ready to answer the first question. Second later, you nervously look at the paper of the boy next to you, and start to copy his
14、answers. All students are familiar with this type of situation. 题The underlined words “this type of situation” in the third paragraph mean _. A. taking part in exams B. cheating in class C. correcting the mistakes D. waiting for the test,A professor from New York University once went to a remote are
15、a to do some science research. One day, he ate some thing wrong and became sick, but it was too far to go back to the city. “I have to see a doctor,” he said to a local. “How can I be sure of getting a good one?” 题The word “remote” in the first sentence means _. A. 遥远的 B. 繁华的 C. 附近的 D. 城市的,“Cool” is
16、 a word with many meanings. Its old meaning is used to express a temperature that is a little bit cold. As the world has changed, the word has had many different meanings. “Cool” can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything. When you see a famous car in the street, maybe you will s
17、ay “Its cool.” You may think “Hes so cool,” when you see your favorite footballer. We all maximize the meaning of “cool”. You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising” 题In the passage, the underlined word “express” means _ A. see B. show C. know D. feel 题The underlined word “max
18、imize” in the story means _ A.扩大 B.找出 C. 最大值 D.解释,So, by the year 2300, there was so many people that food became scarce. There was no water to grow food and all of the fish in the lakes and seas died because of pollution. Terrible wars broke out between the rich and the poor. Science were working v
19、ery hard to find another planet in space where humans could live. 题Whats the meaning of “scarce” in the passage? A. 昂贵的 B.充足的 C.缺乏的 D. 特殊的,Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging for me because I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flower
20、s and trees, and the birds singing, but as time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs. I want to quit climbing. In fact, I hated it at that moment, but my father said to me, “You can always see a beautiful sky at the top of the mountain, but you cant see it before you reach the top. Only there at the top, can you see all of the nice things, just like in life.” 题The word “quit” in the passage means _. A. carry on B. put off C. give up D. pick up,Thank you very much!,Bye!,