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1、most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past fice decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows wha
2、t is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow Rick that has a high output. This special strain of Rick makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from
3、 this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmers family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for incresing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing pr
4、oblem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These inc
5、reased harvests mean that 22% of thwart worlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, farmers are producing harvests twice as lar
6、ge as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesnt care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would rather keep time for his hobbies. He enjoys listening to volin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself o
7、r leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with to much money has more rather than fewer troubls. He therefore gives millions of Yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yua
8、n had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to e
9、xport his rice so that it can be grown around the glboe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.Chemical or organic farming?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has vecome very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as grea
10、t way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the la
11、nd by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a lonog time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food s
12、upply build up in peoples bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water
13、 than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow
14、strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many oth
15、er methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the knd of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn
16、that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carryi
17、ng away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.An early farmer pioneerSome people thought Jia Sixie was
18、 a lucky man. He had worked for the emperor and when he got old, he was able to go his hometown to relax. Jia Sixie, however, had other plans. He had always been interested in agriculture and intended to do something to make Chinese farming even better.Jia Sixie lived in the six century AD. He was b
19、orn in Yidu in Shandong province and worked in Gaoyang, which is also in Shangdong. As he rode through the countryside on his journeys for his work he looked out at the fields. Some of them were greener and had more crops than others. Some cows and sheep looked healthier than others too. He was lost
20、 in though. What could a farmer do to get good crops from his fields? Surely there must be rules that would help them. He thought he could use his knowledge to find out the best ways for farmers to grow crops and then write a book to help them. In doing so he collected information from farmers who d
21、id well, studied it and did experiments to find the best way.For example, he studied ways of keeping seeds and advised farmers to choose seed-heads which had the best color. Then he told them to hang them to dry all winter. The next spring the seeds should be knocked out of their seed-heads and plan
22、ted. He studied how to improve the soil. He advised farmers to clear weeds from the ground before planting crops. They could either let the animals eat the weeds or turn the soil over so that the weeds were covered and would rot. Then he gave advice on Turing over the soil. The first time each year,
23、 farmers should dig deeply, but the second time should be less deep. Therefore the autumn ploughing of the soil should be deeper thant the spring ploughing. He suggested changing crops in the field every year: rive one year and wheat the next so that they would always get good harvests. They should
24、also grow different plants next to each other in the field. He also gave adive on how to fish, keep a garden and even make wine.He wrote down his in a book called Qi Min Yao Shu, which was considered an important summary of the knowledge of farming. For centuries after Jia Sixie died, it was studied
25、 by Chinese farmers and students of agriculture.Unit 3A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He brightened the lives of Americans and British throug
26、h two world wars and the hard years in between. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlies own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889. His parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it aston
27、ishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at that time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his
28、 childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him-his subtle acting made everything entertai
29、ning.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stiffly carry
30、ing a walking目 录第一章 总论11.1概论11.2编制依据和范围21.3研究结论与建议3第二章 项目区概况52.1基本概况52.2自然概况62.3社会经济状况与发展7第三章 项目的建设背景及必要性103.1项目的建设背景103.2项目建设的必要性143.3项目建设的可行性17第四章 市场分析及规模的确定184.1行业生产情况184.2市场前景分析204.3产品销售方案及营销策略234.4销售队伍及销售网络234.5建设规模的确定23第五章 建设场址及条件255.1选址原则255.2场址现状255.3建设条件255.4场址综合评价27第六章 产品、技术及设备方案286.1产品技术方
31、案286.2生产流程、工程技术流程296.3设备选型316.4产品质量保证33第七章 总图运输及工程建设方案347.1总图运输347.2建筑工程方案367.3公用工程设施37第八章 环境影响评价428.1采用的环保标准428.2 项目对生态环境的影响和处理措施42第九章 消防及职业安全卫生459.1设计依据459.2 消防与设施安全459.3生产过程中职业危害因素分析479.4 职业安全卫生设计中采用的主要防范措施479.5建立健全安全规章制度489.6预期效果及评价48第十章 节能方案分析5010.1用能标准和节能规范5010.2能耗状况和能耗指标分析5110.3节能基本原则5210.4节能
32、措施52第十一章 企业组织和劳动定员5611.1 企业组织及工作制度5611.2劳动定员及人员培训57第十二章 招标方案5812.1编制依据及原则5812.2招标方式59第十三章 项目实施进度6113.1建设工期6113.2实施进度安排6113.3项目实施计划进度表62第十四章 投资估算与资金筹措6314.1估算依据及说明6314.2投资估算6314.3资金筹措65第十五章 财务分析6615.1评价依据6615.2财务评价基础数据与参数选取6615.3销售收入测算6615.4营运成本估算6715.5营运利润估算7015.6财务盈利能力分析7015.7不确定性分析72第十六章 风险分析和社会评价
33、7416.1风险分析7416.2社会评价74第十七章 结论与建议7617.1结论7617.2建议76most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for
34、 the past fice decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow Rick that has a high output. This special strain of Rick makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 6
35、0% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmers family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for incresing the ric
36、e output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hu
37、ndred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of thwart worlds people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his res
38、earch, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesnt care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would rather keep time for his hobbies. He enjoys listening to volin music, playing mah-jong,
39、 swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with to much money has more rather than fewer troubls. He therefore gives millions of Yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming f
40、or things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now,
41、 many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the glboe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.Chemical or organic farming?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has vecome very com
42、mon in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as great way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to peoples health.What are some of the problems caused
43、by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a lonog time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot
44、 just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look
45、 beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A
46、healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops fre
47、e from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the knd of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil
48、, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the grounds surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next years crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or peoples health.A