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1、,The Battle Against AIDS,Lead-in,Infected Prevention Deficiency Epidemic Alarming Implement Illustrate Diagnose Unofficial program Literature,令人担心,实施,证明,诊断,非政府项目,传染的,预防,缺乏,传染病,文学,1. What is AIDS?,Acquired Immure Deficiency Syndrome (后天性免疫缺陷综合症). It is a disease that limits the bodys ability to fight
2、 infection. A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system, turning normally mild or rare diseases into potentially fatal conditions.,2.Why do people turn pale at the mention of AIDS?,People, American or Chinese, tend to turn pale at the mention of AIDS. This is due to the cold fact that it almost
3、 always leads to death while there is no known effective cure for it.,3. Is there any difference between AIDS and HIV?,Human Immunodeficiency Virus (人类免疫缺陷病毒). AIDS is different from HIV in that the former usually causes death while HIV may lead to AIDS.,4. Who is most likely to become infected?,Any
4、one can become infected with HIV. HIV is transmitted sexually or through drug use by contaminated blood.,5.How many ways can HIV spread?,HIV is spread in three ways: 1) contact with infected blood; 2) mother-to-child transmission. 3)sex;,1. 全球防控艾滋病每年花费_。 2. 于_年发现首例艾滋病，至今全球感染艾滋人数升至 _，其中_%在25岁以下，而且_%的
5、人不知 道自己感染艾滋病病毒（2007年）。 3. 2007年新感染艾滋病毒的人数为250万，艾滋病死亡人 数为210万。 4. 全球每隔_就有1人感染艾滋病，每天大约有_ 成为新的艾滋病病毒感染者（2007年）。 5. 全世界死于艾滋病的人已达_。 6. 未来10年内全球被感染者可能达_以上，_会 在发展中国家。,5000亿,3320万,95%,12.6秒,6850人,1400万,1亿,90,50,1980,1. Striking Numbers （2007）,65万,1000万,1. 我国_发现首例艾滋病 2. 中国已有_HIV携带者，其中艾滋病病人 75000例，死亡26000例，性传染
6、趋升（2006） 3. 据联合国艾滋病规化署(UNAIDS)估计，如果未 能采取有效的预防措施，到2010年我国艾滋病 病毒感染者可能达到_人。（2006.4.）,1985年,1. Striking Numbers （2007）,Text StudyUnderstanding,a. 185,000 b. nearly 500,000 c. one million d. 102,000 e. 204,000,_ killed since 1970s _ killed in the past few years _ expected to die _ infected with HIV virus
7、 _ black & Latinos diagnosed with HIV,e,d,a,c,b,1. Match the Numbers (Paras.1-2),I. Understanding,Text StudyUnderstanding,What are correct about the South Carolina AIDS Education Network ?,a. It is a government organization. b. It combats the spread of AIDS. c. It gets a lot of money.,2. Tick the Ri
8、ght (Paras.3-6),d. It operates programs out of a beauty shop. e. It uses videos and publications. f. Hairdressers are not in the network.,Text StudyUnderstanding,3. Explain the Methods (Paras.7-13),Work in pairs and explain methods 1-3 with the help of the key words in the following charts:,Text Stu
9、dyUnderstanding,Text StudyUnderstanding,Reference Words:,More than 102,000 people.,2. Questions to Comprehension,Q:,1) How many American people have been killed by AIDS in the past few years? (Para.1),Reference Words:,Women and youth in rural Southern communities.,Q:,2) According to the passage, who
10、 are the ones most likely to be infected with AIDS?(Para. 2),Reference Words:,The spread of AIDS and government inactivity in stopping it.,Q:,3) What are the reasons why some local organizations emerged? (Para. 3),Reference Words:, Hand out AIDS information to the clients in beauty shop and show vid
11、eos on AIDS prevention. Speak to your community in a way they can hear. Train teenagers to educate their peers. Redefine ”at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status.,Q:,4) What are the lessons learned by the local organizations in their battles against AIDS?,Reference W
12、ords:,To reduce the number of AIDS cases.,Q:,5) What is the purpose of forming the South Carolina AIDS Education Network? (Para. 4),Reference Words:,Because most of the people have a low literacy level.,Q:,6) Why is it impossible to hand out AIDS literature and expect people to read it in some commu
13、nities? (Paras. 8-9),Reference Words:,They make it simple and explain the risk of catching AIDS to their peers much better than adults.,Q:,7) In what way can teenagers do much better than adults according to the passage? (Para. 10),Reference Words:,Everyone is at risk regardless of marriage status.,
14、Q:,8) Who can be at risk according to the author? (Para. 12),Reference Words:,Everyone should take part in the war against AIDS.,Q:,9) What should people do in order to win the war against AIDS? (Para. 14),Acquire Diagnose Constitute Alarm organization Literacy Emerge emerge Risk status,3. Key Words
15、,1. acquire vt. get by skill or ability, by ones own efforts or behavior （由技术、能力、努力或行为而）获得；学到,acquire a good knowledge of English 熟谙英文 acquire a reputation for dishonesty 蒙上不诚实恶名 acquire a taste for brandy 养成喝白兰地的嗜好,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,1. acquire vt. get by skill or ability, by ones own
16、efforts or behavior （由技术、能力、努力或行为而）获得；学到,The company has recently acquired a new office building in central Shanghai. 这家公司最近在上海市中心买了一栋新的办公楼。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,2. diagnose 诊断 vt. diagnose sb. with diagnose + illness/sb.s condition as ,The woman is diagnosed with diabetes (糖尿病).,The doct
17、or diagnosed the illness as cancer.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,3. constitute vt. form sth. from parts,How many students constitute your study group?,Twelve months constitute a year.,比 较 comprise compose constitute,comprise consist compose constitute,Two small boys and a dog comprise/ consist of
18、 the street entertainers only audience.,Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.,Twelve months constitute a year The committee is constituted of memembers of all three parties,Two small boys and a dog comprised the street entertainers only audience.,4. alarm vt. cause sudden fear or worry; give a w
19、arning or feeling of danger to 使恐慌，使担忧；警告,Everybody was alarmed at the news that war might break out. 人人听到战事可能爆发的消息都感到恐慌。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,4. alarm vt. cause sudden fear or worry; give a warning or feeling of danger to 使恐慌，使担忧；警告,枪声惊动了千百只鸟。,The noise of the shot alarmed hundreds of bi
20、rds.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,4. alarm n. U sudden fear and worry 恐慌，担忧； C a piece of equipment that warns people about danger, the time, etc. 报警器；闹钟,a fire alarm 火警 set the alarm(-clock) for 6 oclock 把闹钟拨到6点 e.g. He jumped up in alarm. 他惊慌地跳了起来。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,5. organizatio
21、n n. a group of people with a special purpose,WHO OPEC,World,Health,Organization,What do these organizations mean?,Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries,North Atlantic Treaty Organization,More,NATO,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,5. organization,Food and Agriculture Organization of the Unite
22、d Nations,United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,UNESCO 联合国教科文组织,FAO 联合国粮农组织,WMO WIPO ILO,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,6 literacy:,The literacy rate there is the highest in America. 那个地区的文化普及率是美国最高的。 Mass literacy was only possible after the invention of printing. 发明了印刷术
23、后文化教育才得以普及。,n. the ability to read and write识字，读写能力,Translation,literacy illiteracy literate Illiterate computer literacy 计算机文化,Association,7. emerge vi. come to appear,The sun emerged from behind a cloud.,What does the photo show us?,It shows a beautiful scene when the morning sun emerges from the
24、sea surface.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,7. emerge vi. become known,Different ideas emerged in the heated discussion.,Later, it emerged that the judge had been employing an illegal immigrant.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Emergent emergency,8. illustrate vt. make clear by giving pictures or ex
25、amples,These graphs illustrate the results of the experiment.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,8. illustrate vt. make clear by giving pictures or examples,他用统计数据来说明观点。,He illustrated his point with statistics.,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,9. risk vt. place in danger,The soldier risked his life to
26、save the drowning girl.,士兵冒着生命危险去救落水的女孩。,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,9. risk n. danger,The disease is spreading, and all children under 5 are at risk.,疾病在蔓延，5岁以下的儿童都有被传染的危险。,at risk: in danger 处境危险,More phrases,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,take/run the risk of (doing) sth. 冒着的危险,at any risk a
27、t all risks,不管冒什么风险,at the risk of (doing) sth. 冒着的危险,take/run the risk to do sth. 冒险,Words and ExpressionsWord Using,Practice,10 status:,n. the legal position of a person, group or country 法定地位； the social or professional position of sb/sth in relation to others 社会地位，职业地位,Womens social status hasnt
28、 changed much over the years. 这些年来妇女的社会地位没有多大改变。 He is after wealth and status. 他追求财富和地位。 Whats the status of the peace talks? 目前和谈的情况如何?,Translation,Normally, a writer starts with a problem and then presents the sulution(s) to solve the problem, and gives evaluation of the solution at the end.,Anal
29、yze the following paragraphs:,Structure Analysis,(Para.7-13),Tip: speak to your community in a way they can hear,Tip: a low literacy rate,Tip: draw pictures, familiar faces and language,Tip: have more effect,Tip: train teenagers,Tip: spread fastest,Tip: establish, program,Tip: simple, better, adult,
30、 help,Tip: redefine,Tip: misinformation,Tip: emphasize, regardless,In contrast to the governments inactivity, some local organizations have made efforts to fight against AIDS creatively.,The organization has generalized some practical methods which are useful to other similar groups.,Fighting agains
31、t AIDS entails everyones involvement and forces each of us to be an educator and learn to live.,A serious disease named as AIDS was diagnosed in the U.S.A. in the late 1970s; and since then it has been a big threat to the American society.,1. Structure of Text,Para.1-2,Para. 3-6,Para. 7-13,Para. 14,
32、II. Structure Analysis,Problem + Solution + Evaluation + Summary,A. The Writing Model of the Passage:,The basic structure of this pattern is problem-solution-evaluation. There are some possible differences in the pattern but the basic parts are problems and solutions.,Can you list some typical expre
33、ssions for this pattern?,Text StudyStructure Analysis,Para. 1 Since then, AIDS has killed more than 204,000 Americanshalf of that number in the past few years alone. Another 185,000 of the one million infected with the HIV virus are expected to die within the next year.,alone,infected with,alone:,Yo
34、u shouldnt leave a child alone in the house. 你不应该把孩子单独留在家里。 He was left to raise their two children alone. 他独自一人抚养两个孩子。 The case will cost thousands of pounds in legal fees alone. 这个案子仅法律费用一项就要用几千磅。,adj. without any other people独自; without any help from others独立； used after a noun or pronoun to show
35、 that the person or thing mentioned is the only one单独，仅仅,Translation,I didnt have any clothes, _alone a passport. Ive told you before-_ my things alone! Shes asked to be _ alone but the press photographers follow her everywhere. These islands are too small to _ alone as independent states. I like _a
36、lone in the house.,Allocation,let,leave,left,stand,being,alone, lone, lonely, solitary He was _when we met him. the _skier on the mountain A _fisherman stood on a tuft of gravel. a _ soul a _traveler,Association,alone,lone,lonely,lonely,solitary,受感染腐蚀影响,尽管到处都是诱惑，但我什么坏毛病也没染上。,to be infected with ,all
37、 around / attraction / any bad habit / be infected with,Although attraction is all around, I am not infected with any bad habit.,受感染: 受影响: 受苦: 享福:,to be infected with to be affected with to be cursed with to be blessed with ,Para. 3 Despite such alarming numbers, the federal and state governments ha
38、ve been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of AIDS. In place of government inactivity, a number of local organizations have emerged.,Local Locate Location,（在）适当的（位置）： （在）不适当的（位置）： 首先 其次： 使某人不敢越轨：,in place out of place in the first / second place to keep sb. in his place,代替针对鉴于,in place
39、 of (sb./sth.),取代枯燥校园生活的是正兴起的丰富多彩的文化活动。,in place of / dull campus life / emerge / rich and colorful / cultural activities,In place of dull campus life, rich and colorful cultural activities are emerging.,Despite such , sb. is / seems + adj. / p.p. + in doing sth. 尽管如此的，某人在方面却表现出显得,尽管事情如此棘手，她处置时却显得沉着
40、冷静。,Despite such a tough matter, she seemed calm and cool in handling it.,用于表述“某人的做事方式与实际情况的反差”。,Para. 5 She also keeps books and other publications around so customers can read them while waiting for their appointments. Its amazing how many people she has educated on the job.,远离： 摆脱： 不冒犯： 回避：,to ke
41、ep away from to keep free from to keep in with to keep off ,身边备着备有,to keep . around,一定要随身带着手机，不然我们无法和你保持联系。,Be sure to keep your mobile phone around, otherwise we find no way to keep in touch with you.,It is amazing / surprising / touching how sb. / sth. does sth. 某人某事是这样的，这一点着实让人赞叹惊奇感动。,用于表述“对某人某事的
42、感慨”。,多年来他在商界没染上多少坏毛病，这一点着实令人赞叹。,It is amazing how few bad habits he has been infected with in the business world over the years.,Para. 8 Speak to your community in a way they can hear. Many communities have a low literacy rate, making impossible passing out AIDS literature and expecting people to re
43、ad it. To solve this problem, ask people in the community who can draw well to create low-literacy AIDS education publications.,Sb. is / has / does sth., making possible / impossible doing sth. else 某人，这使得的做法成为可能不切实际。,用于表述“某人在方面的事实使得做成为可能不切实际”。,他工资收入低，这使得近期购买高档住房不切合实际。,He earns a low salary, making
44、impossible buying a high-grade house in near future.,To solve this problem, ask people in the community who can draw well to create low- literacy AIDS education publications.,sb/sth + attributive clause,I dont like the way he talks to others.,More Practice,Ill never forget the city _ _ (我和玛丽在那里度过童年时
45、光). He won a gold medal, _ _ (全家人认为这是个了 不起的荣誉).,where I spent my child-,hood with Mary,which the whole family,considered a great honor,Para. 10 They make it simple and explain the risk of catching AIDS to friends their own age much better than an adult can. They also play a vital role in helping par
46、ents understand the types of peer pressure their children experience.,冒的危险： 降低的危险： 对构成危险： 置危险境地：,to take the risk of to reduce the risk of to pose a risk to / for . to put at risk,to explain the risk of doing sth. to sb.,我母亲自我小时候就给我说沉迷网络游戏的危害，为此我很感激她。,from my childhood / explain the risk of indulgin
47、g in online games / feel deep gratitude to sb.,I feel deep gratitude to my mother for explaining to me the risk of indulging in online games from my childhood.,向某人解释做的 危险,Para. 11 Redefine “at risk” to include women from different backgrounds and marital status.,at risk,冒着的危险： 无论冒什么危险： 自担风险： 危险因素：,a
48、t the risk of doing at all risks / at any risk at ones own risk an element of risk,Para. 12 The stylists also emphasize that everyone is at risk and that all of us have a right to protect ourselvesregardless of marriage status. Para. 13 These lessons are not the only solutions to the crisis, but until there is a cure for AIDS, education represents the only safe measure to guard against