《给水管道安装管沟但及附属工程设施基槽土方开挖技术交底.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《给水管道安装管沟但及附属工程设施基槽土方开挖技术交底.doc（56页珍藏版）》请在三一文库上搜索。
1、筑龙给排水栏目所有资料都免费下载了！赶快行动吧！ 技术交底记录工程名称某发电有限责任公司厂外补给水管道安装（I标段）交底部位管沟及附属工程设施基槽土方开挖工程编号XYAZ-TJ-58-0001日期2008年3月25日交底内容：1 范围 本次交底适用于补给水管道管沟及附属工程设施基槽土方开挖。2 施工准备 2.1 主要机具： 2.1.1 挖土机械有：挖土机、推土机、铲运机、自卸汽车等。 2.1.2 一般机具有：铁锹（尖、平头两种）、手推车、小白线或20号铅丝和钢卷尺以及坡度尺等。 2.2 作业条件： 2.2.1 土方开挖前，应根据施工方案的要求，将施工区域内的地下、地上障碍物清除和处理完毕。 2
2、.2.2 建筑物或构筑物的位置或场地的定位控制线（桩）、标准水平桩及开槽的灰线尺寸，必须经过检验合格；并办完预检手续。 2.2.3 夜间施工时，应有足够的照明设施；在危险地段应设置明显标志，并要合理安排开挖顺序，防止错挖或超挖。 2.2.4 开挖有地下水位的基坑槽、管沟时，应根据当地工程地质资料，采取措施降低地下水位。一般要降至开挖面以下0.5m，然后才能开挖。 2.2.5 施工机械进入现场所经过的道路、桥梁和卸车设施等，应事先经过检查，必要时要进行加固或加宽等准备工作。 2.2.6 选择土方机械，应根据施工区域的地形与作业条件、土的类别与厚度、总工程量和工期综合考虑，以能发挥施工机械的效率来
3、确定，编好施工方案。 2.2.7 施工区域运行路线的布置，应根据作业区域工程的大小、机械性能、运距和地形起伏等情况加以确定。 2.2.8 在机械施工无法作业的部位和修整边坡坡度、清理槽底等，均应配备人工进行。 2.2.9 熟悉图纸，做好技术交底。3 操作工艺 3.1 工艺流程：确定开挖的顺序和坡度分段分层平均下挖修边和清底 3.2 坡度的确定： 3.2.1 在天然湿度的土中，开挖基础坑（槽）、管沟时，当挖土深度不超过下列数值规定时，可不放坡，不加支撑。 3.2.1.1 密实、中密的砂土和碎石类土（充填物为砂土）一1.0rn。 3.2.1.2 硬塑、可塑的粘质粉土及粉质粘土一1.25m。 3.2
4、.1.3 硬塑、可塑的粘土和碎石类土（充填物为粘性土）1.5m。 3.2.1.4 坚硬性粘土一2.0m。 3.2.2 超过上述规定深度，在5m以内时，当土具有天然湿度、构造均匀、水文地质条件好，且无地下水，不加支撑的基坑（槽）和管沟，必须放坡。边坡最陡坡度应符合表l-3的规定。 各类土的边坡坡度 表1-3边 坡 坡 度 (高宽)坡顶无荷载坡顶有静载坡顶有动载1 中密的砂土11.0011.2511.502 中密的碎石类土 (充填物为砂土)10.7511.0011.253 硬塑的轻亚粘土10.6710.7511.004 中密的碎石类土 (充填物为粘性土)10.5010.6710.755 硬塑的亚粘
5、土、粘土10.3310.5010.676 老黄土10.1010.2510.337 软土 (经井点降水后)11.00 注：当有成熟经验时，可不受本表限制。 3.2.3 使用时间较长的临时性挖方边坡坡度，应根据工程地质和边坡高度，结合当地同类土体的稳定坡度值确定。如地质条件好，土（岩）质较均匀，高度在10m以内的临时性挖方边坡坡度应按表1-4确定： 各类土的挖方边坡坡度 表1-4项次土 的 类 别边坡坡度 (高宽)1砂土 (不包括细砂、粉砂)11.2511.152坚 硬10.7511.00硬 塑11.011.25充填坚硬、硬塑性粘土10.511.00充填砂土11.0011.50 注：当有成熟经验时
6、，可不受本表限制。 3.2.4 挖方经过不同类别土（岩）层或深度超过10m时，其边坡可做成折线形或台阶形。 3.2.5 城市挖方因邻近建筑物限制，而采用护坡桩时，可以不放坡，但要有护坡桩的施工方案。 3.3 开挖基坑（槽）或管沟时，应合理确定开挖顺序、路线及开挖深度。 3.3.1 采用推土机开挖大型基坑（槽）时，一般应从两端或顶端开始（纵向）推土，把土推向中部或顶端，暂时堆积，然后再横向将土推离基坑（槽）的两侧。 3.3.2 采用铲运机开挖大型基坑（槽）时，应纵向分行、分层按照坡度线向下铲挖，但每层的中心线地段应比两边稍高一些，以防积水。 3.3.3 采用反铲、拉铲挖土机开挖基坑（槽）或管沟时
7、，其施工方法有两种； 3.3.3.1 端头挖土法：挖土机从基坑（槽）或管沟的端头以倒退行驶的方法进行开挖。自卸汽车配置在挖土机的两侧装运土。 3.3.3.2 侧向挖土法：挖土机一面沿着基坑（槽）或管沟的一侧移动，自卸汽车在另一侧装运土。 3.3.4 挖土机沿挖方边缘移动时，机械距离边坡上缘的宽度不得小于基坑（槽）或管沟深度的1/2。如挖土深度超过5m时，应按专业性施工方案来确定。 3.4 土方开挖宜从上到下分层分段依次进行。随时作成一定坡势，以利泄水。 3.4.l 在开挖过程中，应随时检查槽壁和边坡的状态。深度大于1.5m时，根据土质变化情况，应做好基坑（槽）或管沟的支撑准备，以防坍陷。 3.
8、4.2 开挖基坑（槽）和管沟，不得挖至设计标高以下，如不能准确地挖至设计基底标高时，可在设计标高以上暂留一层土不挖，以便在抄平后，由人工挖出。 暂留土层：一般铲运机、推土机挖土时，为20cm左右；挖土机用反铲、正铲和拉铲挖土时，为30cm左右为宜。 3.4.3 在机械施工挖不到的土方，应配合人工随时进行挖掘，并用手推车把土运到机械挖到的地方，以便及时用机械挖走。 3.5 修帮和清底。在距槽底设计标高50cm槽帮处，抄出水平线，钉上小木撅，然后用人工将暂留土层挖走。同时由两端轴线（中心线）引桩拉通线（用小线或铅丝），检查距槽边尺寸，确定槽宽标准，以此修整槽边。最后清除槽底土方。 3.5.1 槽底
9、修理铲平后，进行质量检查验收。 3.5.2 开挖基坑（槽）的土方，在场地有条件堆放时，一定留足回填需用的好土；多余的土方，应一次运走，避免二次搬运。 3.6 雨、冬期施工： 3.6.1 土方开挖一般不宜在雨季进行，否则工作面不宜过大，应逐段、逐片分期完成。 3.6.2 雨期施工在开挖基坑（槽）或管沟时，应注意边坡稳定。必要时可适当放缓边坡坡度，或设置支撑。同时应在坑（槽）外侧围以土堤或开挖水沟，防止地面水流入。经常对边坡、支撑、土堤进行检查，发现问题要及时处理。 3.6.3 土方开挖不宜在冬期施工。如必须在冬期施工时，其施工方法应按冬施方案进行。 3.6.4 采用防止冻结法开挖土方时，可在冻结
10、以前，用保温材料覆盖或将表层土翻耕耙松，其翻耕深度应根据当地气温条件确定。一般不小于30cm。 3.6.5 开挖基坑（槽）或管沟时，必须防止基础下基土受冻。应在基底标高以上预留适当厚度的松土。或用其他保温材料覆盖。如遇开挖土方引起邻近建筑物或构筑物的地基和基础暴露时，应采取防冻措施，以防产生冻结破坏。4 质量标准 4.1 保证项目： 4.1.1 柱基、基坑、基槽、管沟和场地的基土土质必须符合设计要求，并严禁扰动。 4.2 允许偏差项目，见表l-5。土方工程的挖方和场地平整允许偏差值 表1-5序号项 目允许偏差 (mm)检 验 方 法23表面标高长度、宽度边坡偏陡+0 -50-0不允许 用水准仪
11、检查 用经纬仪、拉线和尺量检查 观察或用坡度尺检查5 成品保护 5.1 对定位标准桩、轴线引桩、标准水准点、龙门板等，挖运土时不得撞碰、也不得在龙门板上休息。并应经常测量和校核其平面位置、水平标高和边坡坡度是否符合设计要求。定位标准桩和标准水准点也应定期复测和检查是否正确。 5.2 土方开挖时，应防止邻近建筑物或构筑物，道路、管线等发生下沉和变形。必要时应与设计单位或建设单位协商，采取防护措施，并在施工中进行沉降或位移观测。 5.3 施工中如发现有文物或古墓等，应妥善保护，并应及时报请当地有关部门处理，方可继续施工。如发现有测量用的永久性标桩或地质、地震部门设置的长期观测点等，应加以保护。在敷
12、设有地上或地下管线、电缆的地段进行土方施工时，应事先取得有关管理部门的书面同意，施工中应采取措施，以防止损坏管线，造成严重事故。6 应注意的质量问题 6.l 基底超挖：开挖基坑（槽）管沟不得超过基底标高。如个别地方超挖时，其处理方法应取得设计单位的同意，不得私自处理。 6.2 基底未保护：基坑（槽）开挖后应尽量减少对基土的扰动。如遇基础不能及时施工时，可在基底标高以上预留30cm土层不挖，待做基础时再挖。 6.3 施工顺序不合理：应严格按施工方案规定的施工顺序进行土方开挖施工，应注意宜先从低处开挖，分层、分段依次进行，形成一定坡度，以利排水。 6.4 施工机械下沉：施工时必须了解土质和地下水位
13、情况。推土机、铲运机一般需要在地下水位0.5m以上推铲土；挖土机一般需要在地下水位0.8m以上挖土，以防机械自重下沉。正铲挖土机挖方的台阶高度，不得超过最大挖掘高度的1.2倍。 6.5 开挖尺寸不足，边坡过陡：基坑（槽）或管沟底部的开挖宽度和坡度，除应考虑结构尺寸要求外，应根据施工需要增加工作面宽度，如排水设施、支撑结构等所需的宽度。 6.6 雨季施工时，基槽、坑底应预留30cm土层，在打混凝土垫层前再挖至设计标高。技术负责人： 交底人： 接交人：（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in p
14、ower for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the ad
15、here to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do
16、not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regu
17、lations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee
18、the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw histo
19、rical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and
20、, reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised
21、two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to
22、fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms
23、and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 ba
24、sed on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs.
25、One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack nec
26、essary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline,
27、the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revi
28、sion . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under
29、six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and
30、target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts an
31、d scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the c
32、entral ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, ca
33、reful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communi
34、st Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the F
35、ourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, wit
36、h Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General S
37、ecretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping
38、again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the co
39、nstitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of
40、virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Par
41、ty members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation f
42、or the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in
43、the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requiremen
44、ts into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the
45、 party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-di