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1、-,定语从句,知识准备,什么是定语 用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语、从句。 This is a big room. The windows of the room are open. This is the bike that I bought yesterday.,定语的位置 This is a flower basket. This is a basket full of flowers. This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.,什么形式作定语 adj. n. num. pron. -ing ed ,to do, 短语、名词所有格、定语
2、从句 My brother bought me a beautiful dress. He works very hard at his lessons. We belong to the third world. Do you know the man coming to us? We must find ways to work out this problem. He is a boy of seventeen. The man who is speaking to my father is our headteacher.,为什么用定语从句,当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时，就用
3、短语；如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。 这是我的杯子 This is my cup. 这是装满水的杯子。 This is a cup full of water. 这是我喝茶用的杯子。 This is a cup which I drink tea with.,我认识那个高个子的人。 I know the tall man. 我认识那个戴眼镜的人。 I know the man with a pair of glasses. 我认识你正在找的那个人。 I know the man whom you are looking for. 定语从句相当于一个形容词，跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。,一
4、、定语从句基本结构,This is the best film that I have seen.,关系词,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在从句中担当一个成分,关系词的作用,1）,2）,3）,限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：,二、定语从句的种类,限定性定语从句：和它的先行词所指的意义有着不可分割的关系，少了它作为先行词便不能明确表示所指对象。,非限制性定语从句：和它的先行词之间是 比较松散的关系，它不是先行词不可缺少的成分， 而是仅仅对先行词做一些补充和说明。,起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。,起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。,修饰先行词,修饰先行词 / 整个句子,无逗号隔开,有逗
5、号与主句隔开,有that,无that,Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,作宾语时可以省略,不可以省略,三、关系词在句中成分,指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份： 1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. ( ) 2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( ) 3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. ( ) 4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. ( ),主语,宾语,定语,宾语,
6、5. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor. ( ) 6. I like the person to whom you just talked. ( ) 7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. ( ),定语,宾语,宾语,四、引导定语从句的关系词,指代人 who，whom，that 指代事物 which，that, as 所属关系 whose，of which 指地点 where 指时间 when 指原因 why,1）关系代词,限
7、制性定语从句中,做宾语的关系代词可以省略 非限制性定语从句中,所有的关系词都不可以省略,the usage of the relative adverbs,when,where,why,time,place,reason,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial,2）当先行词是物时,关系代词that和which都可以，但下列情况只用that不用which。,All that can be done has been done. Do you have anything that you dont understand ? There is little that can be
8、 believed about it . The book doesnt say much that amuses children.,A： 先行词是all , everything, nothing, anything, something, much,little,none等不定代词 。,Ive read all the books that you lent me. No sample that we have received is satisfactory. Please send us any information that you have about the subject.
9、,B：先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all,very,only,last,just修饰时。,Hamburg is the most beautiful city that Ive ever seen. This is the best TV that is made in China. The first museum that he visited in China was the History Museum.,C： 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。,The famous writer and his works that t
10、he radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students. A victim is a person,animal or thing that suffers pain,death,harm,etc.,D：先行词中既有人又有事物时.,Who that you have ever seen can do it better ? Who that you are talking to is the young fellow ?,E：who做先行词时，为避免重复，引导定语从句用that 。,F： 关系代词在从句中作表语时。,I
11、t is no longer the one (that) it used to be.,6. 句子中有两个定语从句时， 其中一个已用关系代词which , 另外一个宜用that ，如： They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution. 7. 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时，如： Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.,Anyone who breaks the law is pun
12、ished. Those who break the law are punished. He who breaks the law is punished. He who has not been to the Great Wall is not a true man.,* 在anyone, those, he, she I ,they 作先行词时, 通常用 “who” 不用 “that”.,3)不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况,He made the same mistakes again ,_ made his parents very angry. Yesterda
13、y I bought a dictionary,_ cost me more than 100 yuan . Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again. My uncle has come back from abroad,_ I havent met for along time.,which,which,who,whom,A: 在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.不论做宾语还是主语，都不可以省略。,Her bag ,in _ she put all her money,has been
14、stolen. This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars. Xiao Wang ,with _ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.,which,which,whom,B:当介词提到关系代词前面时，指事物用which，指人用whom。,4) whose 引导的定语从句。,表示所属关系, whose + n. = of which/ whom + the + n. = the + n. + of which/ whom,The river _ banks are covered with trees
15、flows to the sea.,whose,There are in this class 20 students, _ are different. A.whose backgrounds B.the backgrounds of whom C.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose,5)非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如： e.g. There are 60 students in our class, two thirds of whom have been t
16、o Beijing.,e.g. They live in a house, whose door faces south.,They live in a house, the door of which faces south. = They live in a house, of which the door faces south.,The committee consists of 20 members,5 of _ are women. The book contains 50 poems, most of _ was written in 1930s. There are two l
17、eft, one of _ is almost finished ,and the other of _ is not quite. I have a sentence , the meaning of _ I dont understand.,whom,which,which,which,which,名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom,6) 介词提到关系代词前时,介词的选用,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习
18、惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded. 但有少数的几个固定结构中的介词不可提前,如： look after。,Filling blanks:,1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster. 2.The room _ my family live used to
19、be a garage.,with whom,in which,7) 引导非限制性定语从句时, as, which可以代替上文提到的一句话. Which只可以放在后半句的开头; as既可以放句首,也可以放后半句开始. which翻译成“这”; as 翻译成 “正如”.,She said that she played the most important part in the play, which made all the others unpleasant. As was often the case, he was late again. = He was late again, as
20、 was often the case. It rained a lot this summer, as we expected. = As we expected, it rained a lot this summer.,在限制性定语从句中，有一些固定的句子结构，如the same/ suchas, as many/ much as中, 常常用as.,e.g. Such books as you bought are useless.,区别下列几组句子,在定语从句中最重要的就是要看定语从句中缺少什么成分.,1 Is this factory _ you visited yesterday?
21、 Is this the factory _ you visited yesterday? Is this the factory _ you worked ten years ago? A which/ that B the one C where 2 Is this the reason _ he told you? Is this the reason _ he told you the truth? A that B why 3 I still remember the day _ he stayed with me. I still remember the day _ he spe
22、nt with me. A which/ that B when,B,A,C,A,B,B,A,4 He is one of the boys who _ well. He is the only one of the boys who _ well. A studies B study 5 There are 60 students, _ of whom is a foreigner. There are 60 students, _ of whom are boys. There are 60 students, _ of whom is married. There are 60 stud
23、ents, _ of whom have gone abroad. A half/ some B none C few/ many D one,B,A,B/D,A/C,B/D,A/C,考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。 1.I am not one who _afraid of difficulty 2.Don t choose me, who _not fit for this job,is,am,3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. t
24、hat has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written 4. She is the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing,Key points,Preposition+which/whom 1. Recently I bought an ancient vase , the price _was very reasonable. 2. He lived in a big
25、 house, _stood a big tall tree.(它的前面） 3. The beggar has no money _to buy food.（用它）,of which,in front of which,with which,V. way/time后的定语从句 1. I dont like the way _ he works. 2. The way _he used to work out the problem was simple. 3. This is the first time _ Ive been here. 4. This was a time _there w
26、ere no radios, cinemas or TV sets.,(in which/that),that/which,that,when,高考动态：,1. 在定语从句中，加入插入语。 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play ,_ of course,made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 2. 把先行词与定语从句隔开，考查“分割性定语从句”。 The film brought the hours back to me_ I was tak
27、en good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. when D. where 3. 综合考查考生对定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句和强调句的辨析能力。 Was it in the village _ we used to live in _ the accident happened? A. where; that B. which; that C. that; where D. where; which,B,C,B,解题思路:,1. 通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。 2. 题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。 3. 分
28、析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词 4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and, but等。,1. Is this factory _ we visited last week?,D,Is this the factory _ we visited last Week?,A、where B、that C、to which D、the one,B,解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。,Exercises,2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be
29、 used.,A、where B、that C、of whom D、which,A,先行词是situation, case, scene时，一般用where,最佳选择则是in which,15. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve. The teacher gave us so difficult a problem _ we couldnt solve it. A. as B. that C. which D. the ones,A,B,so .that 后面跟的是一个结果状语从句,21.Here are
30、 players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends. Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends. A. which B. that C. whom D. them,非限制性定语从句,并列句,C,D,Correct the sentences:,1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday. 2. Is that factory your father once worked in? 3. The man
31、 whom I spoke is from Canada. 4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.,Correct the sentences:,5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them. 6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me. 7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate. 8. I dont like th
32、e way which you talked to your friend.,Correct the sentences:,9. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy. 10. We heard the news which our team won the game. 11. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.,_,that,_,why,it,_,Correct the sentences:,12. Those want to
33、 buy tickets write down your names. 13. That was the reason because she looked old. 14. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.,Correct the sentences:,15. It is the only one of the best films that have been shown recently. 16. The third plac
34、e which we are going to visit is Hangzhou. 17. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.,Correct the sentences:,18. The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today. 19. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory. 20. The bike by which I travelled was his.,Thank you !,GOOD BYE !,