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1、the Present Perfect Tense,现在完成时,助动词have (has)+过去分词done,past,now,Yesterday , we cleaned the classroom.,Now , the classroom is clean because we have cleaned it.,用法1,强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响,1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _ 2. I saw this film last week.
2、 Now, I know this film because I_. 3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_,my father has bought many books for me.,have seen it before,have done it.,“仍然，还 ” 用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。 I havent read this book yet . Have you had breakfast yet ?,already:,Yet:,“已经”通常用于肯定句中,放在句
3、中。 I have already read this book. 有时，也用在疑问句中表示惊讶。 Have you eaten up all the food already ?,“从来不” 用在否定句中,放在句中。 Is he famous ?I have never heard of him .,ever,never,“曾经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中,放在句中。 I have ever seen this film. Have you ever been to the USA ?,“以前”用在完成时中，放在句末。 have never read this kind of books be
4、fore.,just,before,“刚刚 ”用在陈述句中,放在句中。 I have just bought a novel。,She began to work in 2005. She still works here now. She has worked at this school for 3 years.,now,past,I began to teach English at this school five years ago.,I have taught English at this school for five years.,用法2：,过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。,1
5、. I am a doctor. I began to work when I was 22.Now , I am 26. I _ for four years. 2. We went to the USA last Monday. Today is Monday . We _ (stay) in the USA since last Monday.,have worked,have stayed,since and for,The woman has worked at this school for 2 years.( since two years ago),since 2 years
6、ago,since 1998,since she came to the school),for + 时间段,since+时间点,for 2 years/a long time,一、用for和since填空。,_three hours _three oclock _two days _yesterday afternoon _I came here _last Sunday,_a week _a long time _1997 _two weeks _three years ago _ last month,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,sin
7、ce,for,since,since,1.Theyve known each other since_. A.1995 B. three years 2.Ive been interested in Chinese for_. A. last year B. one year 3. She has been a doctor for_. A. two years B.two years ago 4. Ive had a headache since_. A. I got up this morning B. five hours 5. Weve been here for_. A. one h
8、our B. one oclock,A,A,B,A,B,6. My parents have owned this house for_. A. a long time B. many years ago 7. Theyve been in love since_. A. last spring B. three months 8. We have known each other since_. A. one year B. last year 9. -How long have you been like this? -Since_. A.last night B. two days 10
9、.-How long has she worked here? -She has worked here for_. A. 1993 B. six years,A,A,B,A,B,Exercise 根据所给情况，用just,already或yet造句。 1.After lunch you go to see a friend at her house.She saysWould you like something to eat? You say: No, thank you. _( have lunch ) 2.Joe goes out. Five minutes later,the pho
10、ne rings and the caller says Can I speak to Joe? You say: Im afraid _.( go out ),he has just gone out,Ive just had lunch.,3.You are eating in a restaurant this evening. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.You say: Wait a moment !_ ( not / finish ) 4.You are going t
11、o a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve(预定）a table. Later your friend says Shall I phone to reserve a table? You say: No,_ it (do),I havent finished it yet.,I have already done,1.现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have lost my wallet. (含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has j
12、ust had it. (含义是:简现在不饿了.) Michael has been ill. (含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地),2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和状态,常与表示持续的时间状语连用. 表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。 I havent seen her these days. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.,3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如al
13、ready, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ？,4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you
14、ever been to Beijing？ I have never heard of Bunny. I have used this pen only three times. George has met that gentleman on several occasions.,5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, now, just, today, this morning/week/month/year, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, up to present, so far等: Peter has
15、 written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. Up to the present everything has been successful.,6. 现在完成时表示现在之前已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性. Thomas has s
16、tudied Russian. (现在不再学俄语) Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句),现在完成时的“完成”和“未完成”用法,7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester.,have (has) gone和have (has) been的区别,1.have
17、(has) gone表示“已经去某地了” She has gone to Shanghai .(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。),2.have (has) been表示“曾经去过某地” She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。),非延续性动词不能与时间段连用： go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/ receive/become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for、since等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于ho
18、w long引导的疑问句中。 如不能说：He has borrowed the book for two months.() 但可以说：He has kept the book for 2 months. 或：It has been 2 months since he borrowed the book. 或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book.,这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换。 becomebe borrowkeep buyhave begin (start)be on openbe open diebe d
19、ead leave-be away come-be here/in go outbe out join-be a member/be in begin to study-study,注明：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态： I havent bought anything for two days.,动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种： 原形+ed 如：worked, passed 词尾是e时，直接加d 如：liked lived 若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾 为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如: played stayed studie
20、d cried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed. 如： stopped dropped,动词的过去分词的规则变化,不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词 巧记规律,AAA: put put put letlet let ABA: becomebecamebecome ABB: standstoodstood ABC: eat ateeaten,AAA,cost-cost-cost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set beat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-h
21、urt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。,有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的: run-ran-run come-came-come become-became-become overcome-overcame-overcome,ABA,ABB(含规则动词),1.另有一些其它形式的变化。 have (has)-had-had leave-left-left lose-
22、lost-lost make-made-made feel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood 2. 改变单词中间元音字母。 sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-won shine-shone-shone hold-held-held find-found-found hear-heard-heard hang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged),ABB(含规则动词),ABC,ABC,有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。 take-took-taken give-ga
23、ve-given fall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eaten write-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken freeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot) 特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-been, do (does)-did-done go-went-gone see-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lie
24、d),比较现在完成时和过去时的区别： *现在完成时所表示的是过去的发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday，last night, three weeks ago, in 1990。 *一般过去时表示的是过去发生的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 I have seen the film.(我了解这部电影的内容。) I saw the film last week.（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉及现在的情况。）,总结现在完成时： 1、构成：have / has +过去分词。 2、概念： (1)
25、表示过去或已经完成的某一动作对现在 成的影响或结果。常与下列状语连用:already, just, yet, ever, never, before (2)表示过去已经发生，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 a.for和表示一段时间的词组连用。 如：for 3 years b.since和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。 如：since 1997, since two years ago,since last week,【现在完成时的句式】 1. 否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“havent （hasnt） 过去分词.”。如
26、： I have not seen the movie yet. 我还没看这部电影。 2. 一般疑问句：Have（Has）+主语+过去分词.？ 如： Have you finished the work？你已经做完这项工作了吗？ Yes, I have. 是的，我已经做完了。（No, I havent. 不， 我还没有做完。） Has she arrived here？她已经到这儿了吗？ Yes, she has. 是的，她已经到了。（No, she hasnt. 不， 她还没有到这儿。） 3. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have（has）+主语+过去分词.？如： How many times
27、have you been to the Great Wall？你去过长城几次？ 友情提示：肯定句中有some, already时，改为否定句或疑问句时通 常要分别改为any, yet。如： I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了我的作业。 I havent finished my homework yet. (否定句) Have you finished your homework yet? (一般疑问句),句型转换。 1、Zhao Lan has already studied in this school .(否定句) Zhao Lan _
28、 _ in this school _. 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) _ _have they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He_ _ _ for a year. (die) （动词填空） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ _ _ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） _ Her mother _ a Party member for three years . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ _ two years _ the Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _,