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1、2-3 钢筋混凝土预制桩打桩工艺标准依据标准：建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准 GB50300-2001建筑地基基础工程施工质量验收规范 GB50202-2002建筑桩基技术规范JGJ94-941 范围本工艺标准适用于工业与民用建筑中的打钢筋混凝土预制桩工程。2 施工准备2.1 材料及主要机具：2.1.1 预制钢筋混凝土桩：规格质量必须符合设计要求和施工规范的规定，并有出厂合格证。2.1.2 焊条（接桩用）：型号、性能必须符合设计要求和有关标准的规定，一般宜用E4303牌号。2.1.3 钢板（接桩用）：材质、规格符合设计要求，宜用低碳钢。2.1.4 主要机具有：柴油打桩机、电焊机、桩帽、运桩小车、
2、索具、钢丝绳、钢垫板或槽钢，以及木折尺等。2.2 作业条件：2.2.1 桩基的轴线和标高均已测定完毕，并经过检查办了预检手续。桩基的轴线和高程的控制桩，应设置在不受打桩影响的地点，并应妥善加以保护。 2.2.2 处理完高空和地下的障碍物。如影响邻近建筑物或构筑物的使用或安全时，应会同有关单位采取有效措施，予以处理。 2.2.3 根据轴线放出桩位线，用木橛或钢筋头钉好桩位，并用白灰作标志，以便于施打。2.2.4 场地应碾压平整，排水畅通，保证桩机的移动和稳定垂直。2.2.5 打试验桩。施工前必须打试验桩，其数量不少于2根。确定贯入度并校验打桩设备、施工工艺以及技术措施是否适宜。2.2.6 要选择
3、和确定打桩机进出路线和打桩顺序，制定施工方案，作好技术交底。3 操作工艺 3.1 工艺流程： 就位桩机起吊预制桩稳桩打桩接桩送桩中间检查验收移桩机至下一个桩位 3.2 就位桩机：打桩机就位时，应对准桩时，保证垂直稳定，在施工中不发生倾斜、移动。 3.3 起吊预制桩：先拴好吊桩用的钢丝绳和索具，然后应用索具捆住桩上端吊环附近处，一般不宜超过30cm，再起动机器起吊预制桩，使桩尖垂直对准桩对中心，缓缓放下插入土中，位置要准确；再在桩顶扣好桩帽或桩箍，即可除去索具。 3.4 稳桩。桩尖插入桩位后，先用较小的落距冷锤12次，桩入土一定深度，再使桩垂直稳定。10m以内短桩可目测或用线坠双向校正；10m以
4、上或打接桩必须用线坠或经纬仪双向校正，不得用目测。桩插入时垂直度偏差不得超过0.5%。桩在打入前，应在桩的侧面或桩架上设置标尺，以便在施工中观测、记录。3.5 打桩：用落锤或单动锤打桩时，锤的最大落距不宜超过1.0m；用柴油锤打桩时，应使锤跳动正常。3.5.1 打桩宜重锤低击，锤重的造反应根据工程地质条件、桩的类型结构、密集程度及施工条件来选用。3.5.2 打桩顺序根据基础的设计标高，先深后浅；依桩的规格宜先大后小，先长后短。由于桩的密集程度不同，可自中间向两个方向对称进行或向四周进行；也可由一侧向单一方向进行。 3.6 接桩 3.6.1 在桩长不够的情况下，采用焊接接桩，其预制桩表面上的预埋
5、件应清洁，上下节之间的间隙应用铁片垫实焊牢；焊接时，应采取措施，减少焊缝变形；焊缝应连续焊满。3.6.2 接桩时，一般在距地面1m左右时进行。上下节桩的中心线偏差不得大于10mm，节点折曲矢高不得大于1桩长。3.6.3 接桩处入土前，应对外露铁件，再次补刷防腐漆。3.7 送桩：设计要求送桩时，则送桩的中心线应与桩身吻合一致，才能进行送桩。若桩顶不平，可用麻袋或厚纸垫平。送桩留下的桩孔应立即回填密实。3.8 检验验收：每根桩打到贯入度要求，桩尖标高进入持力层，接近设计标高时，或打至设计标高时，应进行中间验收。在控制时，一般要求最后三次十锤的平均贯入度，不大于规定的数值，或以桩尖打至设计标高来控制
6、，符合设计要求后，填好施工记录。如发现桩位与要求相差较大时，应会同有前单位研究处理。然后移桩机到新桩时。3.9 打桩过程中，遇见下列情况应暂停，交及时与有关单位研究处理：3.9.1 贯入度剧变；3.9.2 桩身突然发生倾斜、位移或有严重回弹；3.9.3 桩顶或桩身出现严重裂缝或破碎。3.10 待全部桩打完后，开挖至设计标高，做最后检查验收。并将技术资料提交总包。3.11 冬期在冻土区打桩有困难时，应先将冻土挖除或解冻后进行。 4 质量标准主控项目：1、桩体质量检验。包括桩完整性、裂缝、断桩等。对设计甲级或地质条件复杂，抽检数量不少于总桩数的30%，且不少于20根；其他桩应不少于20%，且不少于
7、10根。对预制桩及地下水位以上的桩，检查总数量10%，且不少于10根。每个柱子承台不少于1根。2、桩位偏差。项目如下表，尺量检查，根据桩位放线检查。3、承载力。设计等级为甲级或地质条件复杂，成桩质量可靠性低的灌注桩，应采用静载荷试验，数量不少于总桩数1%，且不少于3根。总桩数少于50根时，为2根。其他桩应用高应变动力检测。对地质条件、桩型，成桩机具和工艺相同、同一单位施工的桩基。检验桩数不少于总桩数的2%，且不少于5根。静载荷试验，高应变动力检测方法。检查检测报告。一般项目：1、砂、石、水泥、钢材原材料质量（现场预制时才检查）。符合设计要求。检查产品合格证及试验报告。2、混凝土配合比强度（现场
8、预制时才检查）。通过试验的配合比单配制的计量记录。按规定留置试块，28天强度符合设计要求。检查配合比单、计量记录、试验报告。3、成品桩外形。表面平整、掉角深度10mm、蜂窝面积小于总面积0.5%，颜色均匀。观察检查。4、成品桩裂缝（收缩或起吊、运输、堆放引起的裂缝）。深度20mm，宽度0.25，横向裂缝不超过边长的一半。用裂缝测定仪测量。此项地下水侵蚀地区，锤击数超过500击的长桩不适用。检查测定记录。5、成品桩尺寸。横断面边长5mm；桩顶对角线差10mm；桩尖中心线10mm；桩身弯曲矢高1/1000L。用尺量检查。桩顶平整度1min。秒表测定。上下节平面偏差10mm。尺量检查。节点弯曲矢高1
9、/1000L。尺量检查。7、硫磺胶泥接桩。胶泥浇注时间7 min，秒表测定。8、桩顶标高。50mm。水准仪测定。9、停锤标准。符合设计要求，现场实测或检查沉桩记录。桩在现场预制时，检查原材料、钢筋骨架（见表5.4.1）、混凝土强度；采用预制桩，检查桩的外观及尺寸。对长桩和总锤击数超过500击的桩。对其强度和邻期进行双控制。施工中桩体垂直度、沉桩情况、桩顶完整状况、接桩质量等进行检查，对电焊接桩，重要工程应做10%的焊缝探伤检查。施工结束后做承载力体质量检验。检查后形成施工记录或检验报告。检查施工记录和检验报告。混凝土预制桩工程质量检验标准项目序号检 查 项 目允许偏差或允许值(mm)检 查 方
10、 法主控项目1桩体质量检验设计要求按基桩检测技术规范2桩位偏差第513条尺量检查3承载力设计要求按基桩检测技术规范一般项目1砂、石、水泥、钢材等材料(现场预制时)设计要求检查产品合格证及试验报告2混凝土配合比及强度(现场预制时)设计要求检查配合比单、计量记录、试验报告3成品桩外形表面平整，颜色均匀，掉角深度lOmm，蜂窝面积不于总面积05观察检查4成品桩裂缝(收缩裂缝或起吊、装运、堆放引起的裂缝)深度20mm宽度025mm横向裂缝不超过边长的一半用裂缝测定仪测量（此项地下水侵蚀地区，锤击数超过500击的长桩不适用）检查测定记录5成品桩尺寸：横载面边长(mm)桩顶对角线差(mm)桩尖中心线(mm
11、)桩身弯曲矢高桩顶平整度(mm)mmmmmmmmmm5101011000L1.0101/1000L秒表测定尺量检查尺量检查（L为两节桩长）7硫磺胶泥接桩：胶泥浇注时间浇注后停歇时间Minmin7秒表测定秒表测定8桩顶标高mm50水准仪9停锤标准设计要求现场实测或检查沉桩记录5 成品保护 5.1 桩应达到设计强度的70%方可起吊，达到100%才能运输。 5.2 桩在起吊和搬运时，必须做到吊点符合设计要求，应平稳并不得损坏。5.3 桩的堆放应符合下列要求：5.3.1 场地应平整、坚应，不得产生不均匀下沉。5.3.2 垫木与吊点的位置应相同，并应保持在同一平面内。5.3.3 同桩号的桩应堆放在一起，
12、而桩尖应向一端。5.3.4 多层垫木应上下对齐，最下层的垫木应适当加宽。堆放层数一般不宜超过4层。5.4 妥善保护好桩基的轴线和标高控制桩，不得由于碰撞和振动而位移。5.5 打桩时如发现地质资料与提供的数据不符时，应停止施工，并与有关单位共同研究处理。5.6 在邻近有建筑物或岸边、斜坡上打桩时，应会同有关单位采取有效的加固措施。施工时应随时进行观测，确保避免因打桩振动而发生完全事故。5.7 打桩完毕进行基坑开挖时，应制定合理的施工顺序和技术措施，防止桩的位移和倾斜。6 应注意的质量问题 6.1 预制桩必须提前定货加工，打桩时预制桩强度必须达到设计强度的100%，并应增加养护期一个月后方准施打。
13、 6.2 桩顶断裂。由于桩身弯曲过大、强度不足及地下有障碍物等原因造成，或桩在堆放、起吊、运输过程中产生断裂，没有发现而致，应及时检查。 6.3 桩顶碎裂。由于桩顶强度不够及钢筋网片不足、主筋距桩顶面太小，或桩顶不平、施工机具选择不当等原因所造成。应加强施工准备时的检查。 6.4 桩身倾斜。由于场地不平、打桩机底盘不水平或稳桩不垂直、桩尖在地下遇见硬物等原因所造成。应严格按工艺操作规定执行。 6.5 接桩处拉脱开裂。连接处表面不干净、连续铁件不平、焊接质量不符合要求、接桩上下中心线不在同一条线上等原因所造成。应保证接桩的质量。7 质量记录本工艺标准应具备以下质量记录：7.1 钢筋混凝土预制桩的
14、出厂合格证。7.2 试桩或试验记录。7.3 试桩或试验记录。（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, st
15、rengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements,
16、 listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process;
17、the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the t
18、wo regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulation
19、s revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys le
20、adership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping seri
21、es of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important
22、role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advoca
23、ted by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not f
24、or the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many
25、 provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, fo
26、r violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to b
27、e more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process
28、 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions
29、. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to
30、 study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and
31、 state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee
32、 of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations
33、revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After
34、 consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two p
35、arty regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipli
36、ne, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party const
37、itution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Centr
38、al Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpo
39、se of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is
40、to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members
41、, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one
42、high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of th
43、e problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline
44、 and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the a
45、nd modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline,