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1、Chapter 6 Blood 血液,Section 1 Body Fluid and Blood (体液与血液) Body fluid(体液): Fluid of existing in body 人体内的液体 Intracellular fluid 40% Blood plasma(血浆) 4% Tissuefluid(组织液) 15% Extracellular fluid 20% Lymph (淋巴) 1% Cerebrospinal fluid (脑脊液),Body fluid,机体内环境,1. Components of blood (血液的基本组成),(1) Plasma (血浆
2、) Water 水 Substance crystal (晶体物质): inorganic phosphate (无机盐) 5320mmHg Substance colloid (胶体物质) Others 其它,Functions of plasma protein 血浆蛋白的功能:,Albumin(白蛋白): Forming colloid osmotic pressure (形成胶体渗透压) Globulin(球蛋白): Taking part in body immunity and transport of some substances (参与机体免疫和某些物质的运输) Fibrin
3、ogen(纤维蛋白原) : Taking part in clotting (参与凝血),(2) Blood cell 血细胞,Erythrocyte, or red blood cell, RBC (红细胞),modality (形态): Function ：Transporting O2 and CO2 Cushioning pH (缓冲PH) Quantity: Male ： 5 1012/L Female: 4.2 1012/L Lifespan and produce (寿命与生成）,Neural regulation神经调节 : Sympathetic nerve (+) 交感神经
4、 (+) Humoral regulation体液调节: Erythropoietin ,EPO （促红细胞生成素 ） Accelerating system ahaemale progenitor of later period to differentiate and propagate. 促进晚期红系祖细胞的分化、增殖 Accelerating young RBC to differentiate and propagate. 加速幼RBC增殖,分化,CFU-E 红系前体细胞red progenitor RBC,Blood oxygen partial pressure 血氧分压,肾 主
5、 Kidney (main) 肝 次 Liver (secondary),Androgen雄性激素 Stimulating bone marrow, promoting RBC 直接刺激骨髓，促进RBC生成 Promoting kidney to produce EPO 促进肾脏产生EPO,Leukocyte, or white blood cell, WBC (白细胞) basophoil(嗜碱性颗粒细胞)0-1% granular cell eosinophil(嗜酸性颗粒细胞)1-4% Leukocyte 颗粒细胞 neutrophil(嗜中性颗粒细胞)50-70% 白细胞 lympho
6、cyte(淋巴细胞)20-40% no granular cell 无颗粒细胞 monocyte(单核细胞) 1-7% Quantity : 4-10 109/L,Function of basophil 嗜碱性粒细胞功能：, Releasing heparin stimulating decomposition of blood fat 释放肝素 激活血脂分解 Releasing histamine hypersensitive response 释放组织胺 过敏反应 Releasing eosinophile chemotactic factor A,限制,(释放嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子A),
7、Function of eosinophil 嗜酸性粒细胞功能：, Restricting hypersensitive response caused by basophil and fat cells. (限制嗜碱性粒细胞和肥大细胞引起的过敏反应.) Taking part in immune response for worm. (参与对蠕虫的免疫反应.),Function of neutrophil 中性粒细胞功能：, Englobing and killing bacteria (吞噬、杀灭细菌) Clearing away immunity complex and necrosis
8、 tissue (清除免疫复合物及坏死组织),Lymphocyte (淋巴细胞),T cell : Function of cell-mediated immunity 具有细胞免疫功能 Function of regulating other immunocyte 调节其他免疫细胞的功能 B cell ：Taking part in humoral immunity. 参与体液免疫 NK cell ：Killing and wounding tumor cell. 杀伤肿瘤细胞,Mononuclear macrophage单核-巨噬细胞, Englobing and killing path
9、ogenic microorganism in cell. (吞噬、消灭细胞内致病微生物) Releasing many kinds of cytotoxic, interferon(INF) , interleukin(IL) and taking part in body defense. (释放多种细胞毒、干扰素和白细胞介素，参与机体防卫机制) Producing factors of promoting endothelial cell (内皮细胞)and smooth muscle cell. (产生促进内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞的因子),Platelet or thrombocyte (
10、血小板),Quantity ：100-300（109个/L） Function : Keeping vessel wall completeness. 维护血管壁完整性 Taking part in physiological hemostasis 参与生理止血（见后）,Section 2 Function of blood 血液的机能,1.Function of carrying and integrating (运载作用和联系作用) Water, Red blood cells, plasma protein,2.Keeping stability of internal environm
11、ent (维持内环境的稳定) HL + Na HCO3 NaL + H2CO3 H2CO3 H2O + CO2 Stimulus respiration OH- + H2CO3 HCO3- + H2O,3. Function of defense and protection (防御和保护作用),neutrophil 中性粒细胞 Phagocytosis 吞噬作用 monocyte 单核细胞 cellular immunity 细胞免疫 T Immunity humoral immunity 体液免疫 B,Section 3 Blood volume, Blood Transfusion an
12、d Blood Groups 血量 输血 和血型,1.Blood volume (血量) Blood volume 血量：It is total of blood in body ，7-8% of body weight,Preserving blood volume 血量的维持： Less blood loss 少量失血, 20%， Clinical symptom (临床症状) The most blood loss 大失血 30%, Blood transfusion (输血),Recovery blood volume 血量的恢复: Water, saltplasma protein
13、blood cell 水,盐血浆蛋白血细胞,2. Blood group (血型),Agglutination (红细胞凝集): It is the a bunch of irregular cell agglutinates which is agglutinated by Red blood cell.(红细胞彼此凝集成一簇簇不规则的细胞团.) Rouleaux formation (红细胞叠连): The red blood cells which are attach hollow side to each other overlapped to accelerate blood sa
14、nk.(红细胞彼此以凹面相贴,重叠在一起使血沉加速.),Agglutinogen of red blood cells agglutinin of blood serum blood group 红细胞上的凝集原 血清中的凝集素 血型 A B A B A B AB AB AB O,3. Principle of blood transfusion (输血原则),Red blood cell Red blood cell Blood donor Blood recipient 供血者 受血者 Blood serum血清 Blood serum血清 Cross-match test (交叉配血实验
15、),主侧,次侧,Section4 Blood Coagulation and Fibrillarin Dissolution 血液凝固和纤维蛋白溶解,1. Hemostasis mechanism of small blood vessel impairment小血管损伤的生理止血机制,Hemostasis生理止血 : It is a kind of phenomena that small blood vessel is impaired normally and after several minutes bleeding was stopped naturally. 正常时小血管损伤出血
16、，经数分钟后出血自然停止的现象。 Process：Small blood vessel contraction小血管收缩 Platelet thrombus血小板血栓 hematopexis血凝 Fig 6-7,2. Blood coagulation (血液凝固),Blood coagulation (血液凝固) : It is a process that blood changes fluidity into solid agglomeration. 血液由液体状态变为不流动的胶冻状凝块的过程. Serum (血清): It is a kind of fluid which is gen
17、erated by blood clot retraction after hematopexis. 血凝后，血凝块回缩释出的液体。,(1) Process of blood coagulation凝血过程, a step 1 prothrombin activator凝血酶原激活物 +PF3 step 2 a step 3 a,Activator of factor X,Activation pathway of factor X 因子的激活途径：,Intrinsic pathway(内源性激活途径 ): It is a process that blood coagulation fact
18、or of plasma activated factor X. 完全由血浆内凝血因子激活因子的过程。 Extrinsic pathway(外源性激活途径 ): It is a process that factor activated factor . 由因子触发激活因子的过程。,Intrinsic pathway内源性途径 Extrinsic pathway外源性途径 Blood vessel is damaged Tissue is damaged. Platelet,Collagen was revealed Releasing blood coagulation factor +Ca
19、2+ a Prothrombin activator Prothrombin activator (a , ,Ca2+, phospholipid ) Thrombin Fibrinogen Fibrillarin,a,粘着 聚集,(2) Acceleration and delay of processes of blood coagulation 凝血过程的加速与延缓,Acceleration: Abnormal surface ;异常表面 Heat 加热 Delay: Smooth surface ;光滑表面 Defibrination 去纤维蛋白 Decalcium 去钙 Heparin 肝素 Antithrombin 抗凝血酶,3. Fibronolysis 纤维蛋白的溶解,Process Blood vessel activator Plasma activator Tissue activator Step1 Plasminogen Plasmin Antiplasmin Step2 fibrillarin FDP纤维蛋白 降解产物,Damage/movement,a,Damage,1.enter“Chapter 7 Blood circulation ” 2.back to “introduction” 3.over 4.back to menu,