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1、Book Four,Unit Three,Gender Differences,Unit Three,Task 1: Do you know that? Task 2: A poem Task 3: Wives and bread winners Task 4: Man and woman,Dumb man + dumb woman =,Smart man + smart woman =,Dumb man + smart woman =,Gender Differences,romance,affair,marriage,Gender difference is a term used to
2、refer to social characteristic that distinguish men and women. These include such things as differences in hair styles, clothing, family responsibilities, occupational roles, acceptable behavior and other culturally learned activities and traits. All of these differences are linked to the non-biolog
3、ical notions of masculinity and femininity which vary from one culture to another.,Gender Differences,Scan the differences between men and women. Then work in groups to decide whether the characteristics are mens or womens according to the information you get.,Do you know that?,Click the picture to
4、get the answer,suffer more illnesses have a higher rate of colorblindness have a larger brain are more likely to have a heart attack have more fears live longer like diamond shapes miss more work,How does Tennyson see the roles of men and women? Explain his poem in your own words. You may begin your
5、 explanation with: His poem tells us that man works in the field while woman should stay at home. Man ,Read the poem by Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) carefully. Work in groups and answer the questions below.,Man for the field and woman for the hearth (炉边, 喻家庭) Man for the sword and for the needle she
6、Man with the head and woman with the heart Man to command and woman to obey; All else confusion. from The Princess (1847),A Poem,Watch the interview on Wives Are Bread Winners and answer the following questions with the ideas you get from it.,Why is there a high divorce rate in the families which wi
7、ves earn more?,2. How do women often feel when they get more for the family?,3. What are masculine and feminine?,Wives Are Bread Winners,Wives Are Bread Winners,Who will do the following things, man or woman? Could you think of similar ones as many as possible about the different personality of man
8、and woman?,Pay $200 for a $100 item needed.,Pay $100 for a $200 item arent needed.,Worries about the future until gets the other one,Never worries about the future until gets the other one,One who makes more money than the other can spend.,The one who has the last word in any argument.,The one who s
9、ays Anything after that is the beginning of a new argument.,One who can find such a person.,To be happy with a man, you must understand him a lot and love him little. To be happy with a woman, you must love her a lot and not try to understand her at all.,Man and Woman,A woman marries a man expecting
10、 he will change, but he doesnt. A man marries a woman expecting that she wont change, and she does.,Women love cats. Men say they love cats, but when women arent looking, men kick cats.,A woman knows all about her children, best friends, favorite foods, secret fears and hopes and dreams. A man is va
11、guely aware of some short people living in the house.,Possible characteristics of the ideal husband/wife: Ideal husband tall, handsome and strong 2) capable of supporting a family Ideal wife 1) beautiful and healthy 2) warm-hearted,Ideal Wife and Ideal Husband,Directions: Work in pairs and discuss t
12、he following questions.,1) From your point of view, what are the characteristics of the ideal wife and the ideal husband?,2) Would the ideal wife and the ideal husband have been different in your parents generation and in your grandparents generation? If so, how?,Man and Woman,This is an unusual but
13、 interesting custom in Thailand. Watch the video and listen carefully, then try your best to retell the information you get about the custom in your own words.,In-Class Reading Gender Roles from a Cultural Perspective,Work in pairs to answer the following questions.,A man should be masculine. He sho
14、uld be strong and responsible enough to protect women, children and the old in a family and in the society. He cares more about his career and success than his looks. However, a woman should be feminine, tender, considerate and smart. She should spend more time on household affairs, on children and
15、the old at home.,Whats the typical image of a man / woman in traditional mold?,Sample,Yes. There is a culture bias in education that favors boys over girls. Sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks. For example,
16、In a science class, the teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.,Is there any gender-bias in education? If so, whats the situation? Can you give an example to illustrate it?,Sample,This may deprive girls of the c
17、hance of hands-on work, a vital learning experience that would affect their entire lives. (Another example is that the typical American teachers assume that boys will do better in math and science subjects while girls have better verbal and reading skills. This attitude in teaching leads to boys pro
18、blems in reading and girls lack of interests in science.),According to the last paragraph, how do boys and girls treat their school work?,Sample,Boys tend to be more independent, analytical or original intellectually. While girls are more dependent on teachers and more concerned with the form and ne
19、atness of their work than with its content.,It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.,Introduction (Para. 1),Teachers called on males in class far more than on fema
20、le students. (Para.2),Development (Para. 2-4),Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (Para.3),Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teachers assumption that boys will do better in science subjects while girls tend to have b
21、etter verbal and reading skills. (Para.4),There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls.,Educational bias begins at home and develops at school, which in turn reinforces its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold.,Conclusion (Para. 5),Ov
22、er the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. (Line 1),It has been proven ( innumerable times ) that, 被（无数次）证明,译 文,Example,现已证明吸烟可以引起很多
23、疾病。,Now it has been proven that smoking can cause many diseases.,已经无数次地证实感冒不是由于受到非常恶劣天气的影响造成的。,It has been proven innumerable times that colds are not caused by being subjected to very bad weather.,宇宙在增大的说法已经被证实了。,It has been proven that the universe is expanding.,pattern n.模式；方式；图案 e.g. Sentence pa
24、tterns 句型； living patterns 生活方式；,他以一个他钦佩的人为自己模仿的榜样。,He patterned himself after a man he admired.,他的女子气是小时候他母亲经常把他打扮成小姑娘和他常和小女孩玩耍的结果。,His femininity is patterned by his mother always dressing him like a girl and his playing with girls in his childhood.,Example,v. form the character, qualities, etc.,
25、(of oneself) by copying 形成的性格/品质，学的样,Over the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. (Line 1),在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的
26、各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。,In the process of growing up, each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. (Line 3),译 文,in the process of 在的过程中,Example,在适应陌生人习惯的过程中，在校大学生可以学会如何应变去适应新情况。,In the process of adapting to a stran
27、gers habits, undergraduate students can learn how to change to suit new conditions.,在城市建设和开发的过程中，对周围环境的破坏真的不可避免吗？,Is the destruction of surroundings really unavoidable in the process of city building and developing?,be/ become incorporated into 合并成,他们已经把她的建议纳入他们的新计划中。,They incorporated her suggestio
28、ns into their new plan.,这个小商行已经并入了一家大公司。,The small firm has been incorporated into a big company.,Example,In the process of growing up, each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. (Line 3),在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了各种行为举止，数量之多数以百计，这一
29、切都带有文化的烙印，成为他们性别特征的一部分。,Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys are, girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their “goodness” and obedience
30、 to rules. (Line 54),译 文, girls are filled with and with是全句的主句, instead of being encouraged 的主语是 girls, that are useful in dealing with the outside world 是定语从句，修饰intellectual curiosity and physical skills, be filled with有两个宾语，一个是 fears of the world outside the home,另一个是 desire to be approved of for
31、their “goodness” and obedience to rules,be approved of sth. 赞成，欣赏， 变成被动语态时不能省略 of,approve v. 赞成，赞同 ；批准，通过,这个建议在会议上得到了福斯特先生的赞同,This proposal was approved of by Mr. Foster at the meeting.,数月的迟疑不定后，市长办公室最终批准了建新医院的计划。,After months of indecision, the mayors office has finally approved the plans for a new
32、 hospital.,Example,obedience to sb.(sth.) (名词短语) 服从，遵从某人（某事）,他要求下级服从他。,He demanded obedience from his inferiors.,奴隶们不得不服从他们的主人。,The slaves gave/showed passive obedience to their master.,Example,孩子们对于强壮的父亲很顺从，却在操持家务的母亲面前很调皮。,Children are obedient to a strong father, but naughty with a domestic mother
33、.,女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和身体技能，尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用的；女孩们被灌输的是对自己家外面的世界的恐惧和因优良品格和服从精神得到赞同的欲望。,Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys are, girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with t
34、he desire to be approved of for their “goodness” and obedience to rules. (Line 54),These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than with its content, and more
35、anxious about being “right” in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. (Line58),句中 “where or original”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面主句中的名词 “classroom”。其中“to be moremore, and moreoriginal”是并列的主语补足语，说明人们看到的女孩的情况。,译 文,句型 more（adj.）than 用于比较两个事物，比更加（）,Example,知道如何学习比只记住一些事实或一个公式
36、总是要重要得多。,It is always more important to know how to study by oneself than to remember some facts or a formula.,我认为先找个工作干一、两年要比直接继续深造更有益。,I think that taking a job for a year or two is more beneficial than continuing my education directly.,carry over （使）继续下去，把从一个范 围扩大到另一个范围,文章转入下一页。,The article carri
37、es over on to the next page.,这个习惯是从他的童年时代保留下来的。,The habit carries over from his childhood.,Example,These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than with its co
38、ntent, and more anxious about being “right” in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. (Line58),这类教诲从家庭一直延续到课堂。于是，在课堂里我们常常可以看到女孩们更依赖教师，更注重作业的形式和整洁而非内容，更在乎她们所给的答案是否“正确”而不在乎智力方面的独立自主以及分析能力或创造能力的提高。,gender (n.) (tittle) the physical or social condition of being
39、male or female 性别 （强调社会性别）,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,_ should not be ignored in todays society. 性别不平等在当今社会是不容忽视的问题。,Sometimes _ will result in some social problems. 有时候性别差异会导致一些社会问题 。,gender differences,Gender inequality,同义词比较 sex (line 20, Para. 2) n. the condition of being either male or female; the set
40、of all male or female people 性别, 男性或女性 （强调生理性别）,male sex,男性,Translation,请在性别一栏填代表男性的字母”M”或代表女性 的字母”F”。,In the space marked “sex”, put an “M” for male or an “F” for female.,female sex,女性,相关词语,masculine (line 2, Para.1) adj. relating to or being considered typical of men, in contrast to women 有阳刚之气的，有
41、男子特点的,feminine (line 3, Para.1) adj. having qualities that are considered to be typical of women, especially by being gentle, delicate, and pretty 阴柔的，妇女(似)的；娇柔的,male (line 23, Para. 2) adj. 男性的；雄性的 n. 男人；雄性动物,female (line 23, Para. 2) adj. 女性的；雌性的 n. 女子；雌性动物,Exercise,The girl is rather _ in appeara
42、nce.,masculine,Today discrimination (歧视) against _ job-seekers still exists.,female,As we know, _ animals are more aggressive under attack.,male,请用 masculine，feminine, male 或 female 填空。,_ education needs more social concern.,Feminine,constitute (v.) (Line 2, Para. 1) 1) combine to form; make up 构成,G
43、enerally, 365 days constitute one year.,一般情况下，一年有365天。,Translation,三个台湾女孩儿，Selina, Hebe和Ella, 组成了流行女 子演唱组“S.H.E”。,Three Taiwan girls, Selina, Hebe and Ella, constitute popular girl band “S.H.E”.,2) formally establish an organization, institution, government, etc. 设立，建立,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,Chinese Con
44、sumers Association is an organization _ _. 中国消费者协会成立的宗旨是保护中国消费者 的权益。,The US Federal Reserve Board _ in 1913. 美国联邦储备委员会成立于1913年。,was constituted,constituted to protect the legal rights of Chinese,consumers,bias (Line 13, Para.2) n. a prejudice or preference that interferes with a fair judgment 偏见，成见,
45、他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在偏见。,They complained of bias in the way the newspaper reported the incident.,Translation,That employee should be evaluated without any bias.,在评价那位员工的时候不可以存在偏见。,相关词语 biased (line 21, Para. 2) adj. preferring one person, thing, or idea to another in a way that is unfair 偏袒一方的，有偏见的,请完
46、成下面的句子。,Exercise,_ who was his neighbors son. 那位评委支持三号候选人，他肯定是有偏见的。因 为该候选人是他邻居的儿子。,In the United States, almost all the news media _. 在美国，几乎所有的媒体在立场上都会偏向某一个 政党。,are biased towards one political party or the other,The judge was biased in favor of the third candidate,impact (Line 24, Para. 2) n. 1) (+
47、on) an esp. strong or powerful influence or effect caused or produced by an idea, invention, event, etc. 影响, 效果(常与介词on连用),常用结构： have/make an impact on 对 产生影响,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,Yang Yangs gold medals in the 2002 Olympic Winter Games _ _. 大杨扬在2002年冬奥会上获得的金牌对于中国体 育的影响是深远的。,电脑和手机对现代生活的影响是巨大的。 Computer
48、and mobile phone _ _.,have had/made a,have a profound impact on the,Chinese sports,great impact on modern life,2) the force of one object hitting another碰撞, 冲击,Translation,撞击给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤。,The impact caused serious damage to the surface of the machine.,泰坦尼克号撞击冰山的致命事故本来是可以避免的。,Titanics fatal impact (致命的) into the iceberg should have been avoided.,participant (n.) (Line 25, Para. 2) a person who takes part or has a share in an activity or event 参与者, 共享者,这次比赛的参赛者据说都来自非洲国家。,All participants in the match are sa