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1、污水超标排放应急预案一、污水超标排放原因简析 1、从污水处理厂进水到出水一套系统中，任何一个环节的操作疏忽或受到外部冲击都可能造成污水超标排放，造成较大的环境影响。因此，保障系统稳定运行、预防、应对污水超标排放是公司最主要的应急事项。2、从工艺的角度分析，在一套稳定运行的系统中，源头上和自身控制的波动都可能引起污水超标排放。源头上进水水质超标，一方面污染物浓度突然增加，引起污染负荷冲击，造成超标，另一方面有毒物质的流入，如三价铬、硫化物，则有可能使生化系统中毒，在短时期内难以恢复，造成一定时期的超标。在自身控制上，设备与工艺各参数的人工调节不妥当以及某单元运行设备的故障，都可能使其相应的处理单
2、元失去作用，并影响到甚至破坏下一单元的处理能力，从而造成整套系统运行不正常，出水超标排放。 综上所诉，一般情况下污水超标排放主要是由进水水质发生剧烈的变化，工艺参数设置错误以及设备故障这三个原因引起的。三、信息监控建立信息监控体制，分在线监控与人工化验监控。1、在线监控监控原则：注重数据信息的反映速度。监控目的：通过对出水的在线监控，快速了解出水水质的超标或超标趋势；通过对进水的在线监控，快速了解系统进水水质，以备进一步分析，预先实施防止出水超标的措施。监测指标：进水指标 pH、TOC、COD，出水指标包括流量、氨氮、COD。硬件设置：进水格栅井、出水计量井分别设置在线监控系统。监控责任：由当
3、班班长每一小时读取一次监控数值，并由一名电工观察系统是否正常运行，有情况立即报告厂长或副厂长，正常情况下，研究组组长通过网络一天收集一次数据，作超标趋势分析与备案。硬件维护：监控系统设施维护由嘉兴创源环境监控技术有限公司负责，联系电话 2225938，电脑由厂长维护管理。2、人工化验监控监控原则：注重数据信息的技术性能。监控目的：通过监测数据，反映出各工序运转情况或不良趋势，预先作出相应的应急措施，遏止超标，即使发生了超标，也可提供宝贵的运行数据。监测指标：不同的监测点有相应的监测指标，有 COD、DO、SV、MLSS、pH、氨氮、色度、等，具体见表一 表一：人工化验监测指标监测点CODDOS
4、V30MLSS氨氮色度pH初沉池/厌氧池/缺氧池/好氧池/SBR池/接触池/备注监测时间： 监测分析人：监控责任：由研究组负责，设置组长一名、试验分析员一名、部分指标监测由当班班长、加药员配合，有情况立即报告厂长或副厂长。硬件维护：试验仪器由分析员维护管理，及时补给，库存药品、仪器必须保证一星期的使用，不足应及时报告研究组组长，组长及时采购补给，保证监测分析工作能正常进行。四、信息报告1、数据判断：在线监测数据由班长、电工定时观测，是否超标，或有超标趋势，对疑问数据可汇报研究组进行讨论；人工分析监测数据由研究组分析、记录，有特殊数据，应结合在线监控数据和历史数据判断或者重新取样重点监测，判断超
5、标或者超标趋势。厂长根据超标指标、超标程度、超标趋势、比标值以及可能造成的环境影响程度判断分级，分稍微、一般、严重三个级别。2、影响监测：超标严重时，研究组应对纳污水体下游水质，进行跟踪监测。3、信息报告：若有超标或超标趋势，班长或研究组应立即报告厂长或副厂长。如果超标严重或趋势严重，则厂长负责整理信息记录，初报环保部门，报告内容主要为超标指标、超标程度；查清有关基本情况后，进行续报，报告内容包括超标原因、超标指标以及预计恢复时间等；应急终止后作后报，主要内容是事件的措施、过程和结果，污染的范围和程度、事件潜在或间接的危害、社会影响、处理后的遗留问题，参加处理工作的有关部门和工作内容，出具有关
6、危害与损失的证明文件等详细情况。备注：影响程度分级中所指的严重，判断基准是基于以本污水处理系统能够带来的较大环境影响，与前述法规指定的应急分级不同。 五、先期处置采用末端强化与源头削减结合处置。1、末端强化终极加药应急措施（1）处置思路：终极物化处理是整套系统的把关工艺，选择加药混凝沉淀法，具有见效快，去除效率高的特点，符合临时应急处理的要求。（2）处置原则：忽略成本，尽最大可能达标。（3）处置步骤：小试试验大生产运行大生产调整。2、处置方法与责任：（1）小试试验。发生超标或者超标趋势，由研究组负责，立即取样接触池出水，根据厂内现有的库存药剂（或者可以立即提货的药剂，各厂家药剂调度见表 4-3
7、），进行混凝沉淀小试试验，混凝沉淀快速试验效果以色度、PH为判断标准，细化试验效果以 COD 为判断标准，根据试验结果，汇同厂长、副厂长提出最佳方案。（2）大生产运行。班长接到厂长、副厂长或研究组提出的方案指令，再落实终极加药的大生产调整措施，厂长、副厂长监督执行。（3）大生产调整。由研究组对大生产进行跟踪监测、跟踪小试，以备进一步调整。 表二：药剂厂家药剂储备、产品及联系电话表厂家储备药剂、产品名称联系人联系电话2、源头削减预处理调节措施处置思路：根据超标影响程度，从源头上削减水力负荷、污染负荷，从而降低超标程度。处置原则：根据影响程度，采用适当的调节措施。处置方案：超标等级为稍微，则不作预
8、处理调节；超标等级为一般，则减少调节池出水量，只开一台大泵或一台小泵，并电话通知泵站，不送水或减少送水，同时委派一人监控调节池水位，以防超量溢出；超标等级为严重，则启动预沉池（预处理调节原理：启动初沉池作为应急水池，后处理系统停水；待初沉池满水开始出水时，进水中含有的 SS 被预沉池分离，减小了系统进水污染负荷）。六、应急响应1、响应原则：以经验、技术为手段，选择快速、有效的途径，及时排除工艺症结，并采用强化手段恢复工艺运行。2、响应步骤：数据调查与确症应急方案应急行动。3、响应方法与责任：3.1、数据调查与确症：数据调查内容包括两部分，一是水质监测数据、二是实际工艺控制操作参数。水质监测数据
9、，主要是进出水在线监控数据、人工分析监测数据，有研究组负责调查，厂长配合分析，并讨论提出重点与质疑区域。实际工艺控制操作参数，是指各个处理工序在实际控制中的操作参数、特异现象，由副厂长领导当班班长、前几班班长配合调查，并提出重点与质疑区域。总经理领导，厂长、研究组配合汇总重点与质疑区域，提出调查剖析方案，分配研究组和厂长（或班长）分别调查。3.2、应急方案是根据数据调查与确症结果，由厂长负责，研究组、班长配合讨论，综合分析提出应急技术方案，并根据在实践大生产过程中的反馈信息，不断调整。备注：如果有需要，则应求助专家组。专家组联系方式见表二。表二：污水超标应急方案专家组联系方式一览表专家姓名职称
10、专业联系方式备注4、应急措施分源头和工艺两种情况着手措施。（1）如果问题在于源头，即进水水质超标的原因导致了出水超标。则从切断源头与强化预处理两方面同时着手。切断源头：由厂长或副厂长负责整理分析材料、有关证据（附监测数据，说明理由），汇报环保部门，并协助环保局找到进水超标的源头，予以切断。强化预处理：由研究组负责小试试验，汇同厂长讨论出最佳方案，并由副厂长或班长进行实施，并由研究组分析员跟踪监测，及时调整。硬件设施：如果进管企业预处理不当，则进水中含有硫化物、铬化物等毒性物质。为此，将调节池推流搅拌系统改造为散流曝气搅拌系统，一方面氧化进水中超标的硫化物，另一方面，通过预曝气使泥水分离，增强初
11、级混凝沉淀效果，除去铬化物，保障生化系统不被毒害。（2）如果问题在于工艺，则需要及时调整工艺的问题环节，使整个系统能正常运转达标排放。调整工艺从两方面着手，一方面保证正常运行，另一方面强化恢复部分工序。保证正常运行：即排除障碍，使系统正常，如设备的维修或更换、加药量调整、管道的疏通等。强化部分工序：受到影响的工艺应强化运行，快速恢复效果。一个环节是增强预处理的混凝沉淀效果，使得进入生化系统的污染物比正常运转时还要少，第二个环节是强化生化系统，如增开风机增强曝气量、加大回流比。措施责任：班长负责组织人员调整工艺控制，机修、电工负责排除机电设备故障，研究组负责数据跟踪调查监测，及时反馈应急技术方案
12、。七、应急终止1、终止条件：副厂长、班长确认各问题环节故障排除已正常运行，研究组分析监测结果表明各环节处理效果已经符合设计要求且一系列数据已无超标趋势；综合汇报厂长后，对一些强化环节，应在研究组配合跟踪监测配合条件下，逐步降低处理强度直至正常；由厂长确认应急终止，并汇报环保部门或相关部门。2、终止后行动：对应急中消耗的物品给予补充，对一些应急装置予以撤除，以备下一次应急行动；并做好总结；有必要时应做好纳污水体的后续补偿工作，主要包括以下几方面内容：（1）补充消耗物品。在应急中消耗的药剂、设备配件、工具以及报废产品，由副厂长负责清点，上报厂长，由厂长组织人员及时采购补充。（2）总结报告。针对此次
13、事件，进行经验总结，总结内容包括：应急日志，跟踪监测报告，原因调查结果，问题汇总，设施物品消耗清单，奖惩记录，予以避免再次发生，并做好报告存档。（3）纳污水体的跟踪监测。如发生严重超标，则应委派分析员跟踪监控纳水水体，预测与等待水体恢复功能，必要时（如农忙期）应上报有关部门求助。八、应急小组体系与责任应急小组主要成员由厂部内干部与员工组成，责任分工如下：1、数据责任：数据收集与分析，以研究组为核心，讲究时效性与准确性，为应急工作作科学依据保障。2、技术责任：以厂长为核心，研究组为辅助，重点实施应急响应方案，讲究应变力与效果。3、监督责任：厂长把关研究组，协调方案研究与大生产，班长把关各员工的实
14、际操作，机修工与电工做好切实的后勤保障。4、操作责任：员工应切实的进行各项应急操作指令，如在实际操作能力上确实不可实现，应及时反馈，以便调整。实际人员：应急领导小组有关责任人见表三。 表三：污水超标应急领导小组责任人表职务厂长副厂长研究组组长研究组分析员班长机修电工姓名联系电话信息监控信息报告先期处置应急响应应急终止（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementa
15、tion of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party membe
16、rs and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face tw
17、o party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulatio
18、ns modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading ca
19、dres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which
20、 reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the s
21、pirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promu
22、lgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight proh
23、ibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary re
24、gulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementati
25、on, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law an
26、d other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main disc
27、ipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party
28、 members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Sess
29、ion of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Commi
30、ttee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the provin
31、ce (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Ap
32、proved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions
33、 of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In Octobe
34、r 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two law
35、s amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General
36、 Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to
37、the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party
38、 constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the ge
39、neral rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and par
40、ty rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellen
41、t traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji
42、method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipli
43、ne requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make c
44、learly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated
45、 position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 c