1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Today in the techno-societies there is an almost ironclad consensus about the future of freedom. Maximum individual choice is regarded as the democratic ideal. Yet most writers predict that we shall move further and further from this ideal. They conjure up a
2、 dark vision of the future, in which people appear as mindless consumer creatures, surrounded by standardized goods, educated in standardized schools, fed a diet of standardized mass culture, and forced to adopt standardized styles of life.Such predictions have spawned a generation of future haters
3、and technophobes, as one might expect. One of the most extreme of there is a French religious mystic, Jacques Ellul, whose books are enjoying a campus vogue. According to Ellul, man was far freer in the past when “Choice was a real possibility for him.” By contrast, today, the human being is “no lon
4、ger in any sense the agent of choice.” And, as for tomorrow, “In the future, man will apparently be confined to the role of a recording device.” Robbed of choice, he will be acted upon, not active. He will live, Ellul warns, in a totalitarian state run by a velvet-gloved Gestapo.This same theme-the
5、loss of choice -runs through much of the work of Arnold Toynbee. It is repeated by everyone from hippie gurus to Supreme Court justices, tabloid editorialists and existentialist philosophers. Put in its simplest form, the theory of Vanishing Choice rests on a crude syllogism: science and technology
6、have fostered standardization. Science and technology will advance, making the future even more standardized than the present. Ergo, man will progressively lose his freedom of choice.If instead of blindly accepting this syllogism, we stop to analyze it, however, we make an extraordinary discovery. F
7、or not only is the logic itself faulty, the entire idea is premised on sheer factual ignorance about the nature, the meaning and the direction of the super-industrial revolution.Certainly, it would be difficult to deny that industrialism has had a leveling effect. Our ability to produce millions of
8、nearly identical units it the growing achievement of the industrial age. Thus, when intellectuals bewail the sameness of our material goods, they accurately reflect the state of affairs of under-industrialism.In the same breath, however, they reveal shocking ignorance about the character of super-in
9、dustrialism. Focused on what society was, they are blinded to what it is fast becoming, for the society of the future will offer not a restricted, standardized flow of goods, but the greatest variety of unstandardized goods and services any society has ever seen. We are moving got towards a further
10、extension of material standardization, but towards its dialectical negation.The end of standardization is already in sight. However, the pace varies from industry to industry, and from country to country.1.The predictions about the future made by many writers, in the authors opinion, are （ ）.2.The a
11、uthor gives the works of Jacques Ellul and Arnold Toynbee as examples to prove that （ ）.3.By saying “In the future, man will apparently be confined to the role of a recording device” (Paragraph 2), Ellul implies that he (man) （ ）.4.The authors attitude toward intellectuals in Paragraph 5 and 6 is on
12、e of （ ）.5.To which of the following is the author likely to agree?问题1选项A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.pleasingD.reasonable问题2选项A.a generation of future will become haters and technophobesB.science and technology will certainly advanceC.man will gradually lose his freedom of choiceD.science and technolo
13、gy will make the future more standardized问题3选项A.will record what other people say and then follow themB.will imitate other people when he takes actionsC.can do whatever he wishesD.can do nothing but follow others问题4选项A.strong disapprovalB.reserved consentC.slight contemptD.enthusiastic support问题5选项A
14、People in the future will eventually lose all of their freedom.B.The society of the future will become more standardized.C.Standardization will take a predominant position in the society of the future.D.The society of the future will have a dialectical effect of both standardization and unstandardi
15、zation.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Yet most writers predict that we shall move further and further from this ideal. They conjure up a dark vision of the future”，可知大多数作家预测，我们将离这一理想越来越远。他们对未来产生了一种黑暗的幻想。可判断出作家对未来的预测是悲观的。选项A符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第二段第一句， “Such predictions have spawned a ge
16、neration of future haters and technophobes, as one might expect.”，可知正如人们可能预期的那样，这样的预测催生了未来一代的仇恨者和技术恐惧症患者。这是一个总的结论，作者在下文举了Jacques Ellul的例子来证明此观点。选项A符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Robbed of choice, he will be acted upon, not active.”，可知人们被剥夺了选择的机会，他的行动会变得被动。可判断出人们变得没有主动权，只会跟随别人。选项D符合题意。4.作者态度题。根据文章第五段，“For not
17、 only is the logic itself faulty, the entire idea is premised on sheer factual ignorance about the nature, the meaning and the direction of the super-industrial revolution.”，可知因为不仅逻辑本身有缺陷，整个想法忽视了自然事实、超级工业革命的意义和方向。又根据第六段，“when intellectuals bewail the sameness of our material goods, they accurately r
18、eflect the state of affairs of under-industrialism.”，可知当知识分子哀叹我们的物质生活千篇一律时，他们所反应的是那些工业落后的国家。可判断出作者对知识分子持强烈反对的态度。选项A符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“We are moving got towards a further extension of material standardization, but towards its dialectical negation.”，可知我们不是正在走向物质标准化，而是走向对物质标准化的辩证否定。可判断出未来的社会将会有标准化和
19、非标准化的辩证影响。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题The existing child protection laws in China do allow for abusive parents （ ）of their custody rights, but they do not include details on implementation.问题1选项A.depriveB.to be deprivedC.to depriveD.being deprived【答案】B【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，The existing child protection laws为句子的主语，allow
20、for作谓语，所以空格的部分应该要填入非谓语动词，用来修饰前句的名词laws，因为动词deprive与其逻辑主语laws之间存在被动关系，选项A和C可排除。又根据空格中的动作发生在将来，所以选用动词不定式表将来。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题After Sunday nights concert, Steve and Otis had a loud argument with the band director, which （ ） first Otiss departure, then Steves.问题1选项A.contributedB.highlightedC.procrastinated
21、D.precipitated【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。contribute “贡献”；highlight “突出，强调”；procrastinate “耽搁”；precipitate “使坏事等突然发生”。句意：星期天晚上的音乐会之后，史蒂夫和奥蒂斯与乐队指挥大吵了一架，最终使史蒂夫和奥蒂斯突然离开。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Ethnicity should not be the sole criteria in the restructuring process because it has the （ ） power to lull consciousness of the imp
22、lementers and make them （ ） those who are from different groups.问题1选项A.dominant .bear the sight ofB.disproportionate.set their sights onC.uncanny.lose sight ofD.inherent. catch sight of【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析和固定搭配。dominant“占优势的，支配的”；没有搭配bear the sight of，选项A可排除。disproportionate“不成比例的”；set ones sight on“以.为
23、目标”；uncanny“神秘的，离奇的”；lose sight of“忽视，不看”；inherent“固有的，内在的”；catch sight of“看见”。句意：种族不应该成为改进进程的唯一标准，因为它有一种内在的力量减弱主体意识，并且使他们看到来自不同群体的成员。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题It is reported that he means to exchange into another regiment, （ ） for the purpose of separating himself from me.问题1选项A.avowinglyB.avowingC.avowedD.avo
24、wedly【答案】D【解析】语法题。avowing “承认，公开宣称”；avowed “公开宣布的”；avowedly “公然地”。空格应该用副词来修饰整个句子。句意：据报道他打算调到另一个政权，目的是公然地和我划清界限。选项D符合题意。6. 单选题The conferences participants were also under no illusion about what was （ ）: the Second World War had not yet ended, and frictions between the United States and the Soviet Uni
25、on were already growing.问题1选项A.in vainB.at troubleC.at stakeD.at odd【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。in vain “徒劳”；at trouble “陷 入困境”；at stake “在紧要关头”；at odds “争执”。句意：这次会议的与会者对紧急情况不存在幻想：第二次世界大战还没有结束，美国和苏联之间的矛盾在加剧。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题As the clerk （ ） prepared my milk shake, I wondered how long she had been working there, （ ）
26、making ice cream treats in a set order of steps.问题1选项A.logically. incautiouslyB.methodically. mindlesslyC.systematically. carefullyD.synthetically. casually【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。logically “合乎逻辑”；incautiously “鲁莽地”； methodically “有条理地”；mindlessly “不费心思地”； systematically “有系统地”；carefully “小心地”；synthetically
27、 “综合地”；casually “随意 地”。句意：当店员有条不紊地为我准备奶昔时，我想知道她已经在那里工作多久了，她不费心思地按一定的步骤制作冰淇淋。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题The United States and Russia have reached an agreement that calls for Syrias （ ） of chemical weapons to be removed or destroyed by the middle of 2014, Secretary of State John Kerry said on Saturday.问题1选项A.artil
28、leryB.armorC.arsenalD.army【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。artillery “炮，炮兵部队”； armor “装甲，盔甲”；arsenal “兵工厂，军械库”；army “军 队”。句意：美俄两国已经达成协议，要求叙利亚化学武器的军械库于2014年年中移除或者销毁。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题European officials, though, have already warned they will retaliate by boosting tariffs on US goods,（ ） a row that has lasted six years and
29、 （ ） agreement in the GATT international trade talks involving 108 countries.问题1选项A.escalating . blockingB.to escalate . to blockC.escalating . blockedD.escalated . blocking【答案】A【解析】语法题。根据题目的句子结构，可知两个空格中均填入-ing分词作状语，表伴随。escalating “逐步上升”；blocking “阻碍”。句意：不过，欧洲官员已警告称，他们将提高对美国商品的关税作为报复，使持续6年的争端不断升级，并阻
30、碍了有关于108个国家的关贸总协定国际贸易谈判达成协议。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题The full impact of the Internet revolution will only become apparent in the future, as more technological change is （ ）that can barely be imagined and hardly anticipated.问题1选项A.on a horizonB.on the horizonC.at a horizonD.at the horizon【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配 o
31、ne the horizon “即将来临”，排除A、C和D选项。句意：更多的技术变革即将到来，这几乎是无法想象和预料的。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题The period of history which is commonly called “modern” has a mental outlook which differs from that of the medieval period in many ways. Of these, two are（1）: the diminishing authority of the Church, and the increasing autho
32、rity of science.（2）, others are connected. The culture of （3）is more lay than clerical. States increasingly replace the Church as the governmental authority that controls culture. The government of nations is, at first, mainly （4） kings; then, as in ancient Greece, the kings are gradually replaced b
33、y democracies or tyrants. The power of the national State, and the functions that it performs, （5） throughout the whole period (apart from some minor fluctuations); but at most times the State has less influence on the opinions of philosophers than the Church （6） in the Middle Ages. The feudal arist
34、ocracy, （7）, north of the Alps, has been able, till the fifteenth century, to hold its own against central governments, loses first its political and then its economic importance. It is replaced by the king （8） rich merchants; these two share power in different proportions in different countries. Th
35、ere is a tendency for （9） to become absorbed into the aristocracy. From the time of the American and French Revolutions onwards, democracy, in the modern sense, becomes an important political force. Socialism, （10） democracy based on private property, first acquires governmental power in 1917. This
36、form of government, however, if it spreads, must obviously bring with it a new form of （11）: the culture with which we shall be concerned is in the main “liberal”, （12）, of the kind most naturally associated with commerce. （13） there are important exceptions, especially in Germany; Fichte and Hegel,
37、 to take two examples, have an outlook which is totally unconnected with commerce. But（14）are not typical of their age.The rejection of ecclesiastical authority, which is the negative characteristic of the modern age, begins earlier than （15）characteristic, which is the acceptance of （16） . In the I
38、talian Renaissance, science played a very small part; the opposition to the Church, in mens thoughts, was connected with antiquity, and looked still to the past, but to a more distant past than （17）the early Church and the Middle Ages. The first serious irruption of （18）was the publication of the Co
39、pemican theory in 1543; but （19） did not become influential until it was taken up and improved by Kepler and Galileo in the seventeenth century. Then began the long （20） between science and dogma, in which traditionalists fought a losing battle against new knowledge.问题1选项A.more importantB.the least
40、importantC.less importantD.the most important问题2选项A.With these twoB.Of these twoC.Among theseD.About these问题3选项A.medieval periodB.Christian timeC.modern timesD.scientific time问题4选项A.in the hands ofB.at hand ofC.at hands ofD.in the hand of问题5选项A.growing steadyB.grow steadilyC.grows steadilyD.grow ste
41、ady问题6选项A.hasB.hadC.isD.was问题7选项A.thatB.for whichC.whichD.what问题8选项A.in allegiance toB.being allergic toC.in alliance withD.in alliance of问题9选项A.the kingB.the ChurchC.the AlpsD.the rich merchants问题10选项A.as opposing toB.in opposite toC.as opposed toD.in opposition between问题11选项A.cultureB.governmentC.
42、democracyD.socialism问题12选项A.howeverB.furthermoreC.moreoverD.that is to say问题13选项A.For thisB.To thisC.At itD.By it问题14选项A.such examplesB.these outlooksC.such exceptionsD.these two figures问题15选项A.the positiveB.a positiveC.the pessimisticD.a pessimistic问题16选项A.church authorityB.scientific authorityC.li
43、beralismD.socialism问题17选项A.that ofB.that inC.ofD.in问题18选项A.the publicationB.an authorityC.scienceD.a theory问题19选项A.this publicationB.this theoryC.the irruptionD.science问题20选项A.compromiseB.oppositionC.fightD.period【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:C第8题:C第9题:D第10题:C第11题:A第12题:D第13题:B第14题:C第15题:A第1
44、6题:B第17题:A第18题:C第19题:B第20题:C【解析】（1）逻辑关系。根据空格前一句，“which differs from that of the medieval period in many ways”，可知现代的精神面貌在很多方面与中世纪不同，空格下文提到在这些方面中，有两个方面应该是最重要的。选项D符合题意。（2）固定搭配。根据空格后“connected”可知，题目考查固定搭配“be connected with”，意为“和联系”，文意为其他方面与这两个方面相互联系。选项A符合题意。（3）逻辑关系。根据空格后的“is more lay than clerical”，可知这种
45、文化是比教权主义更加世俗的。根据上文提到了这种文化是教会主义的削弱和科学权威的提升，可知应该是指现代文化。选项C符合题意。（4）固定搭配。根据空格前“The government of nations is”，可知起初，国家的政府主要由国王掌握管理。固定搭配“in the hands of”意为“由掌握”。选项A符合题意。（5）考查语法。根据语法知识，副词修饰动词，可排除A和D项。根据空格前的“performs”可知，句子应该为一般现在时态，主语为“The power of the national State, and the functions”，所以谓语动词应该用原形grow，选项B符合
46、题意。（6）语法题。根据题意，可知国家对哲学家的观点的影响比中世纪教会带来的影响更小，所以空格中提到的是中世纪教会的影响，要用一般过去时态，选项B符合题意。（7）语法题。根据文章，“The feudal aristocracyhas been ableto hold its own against central governments”，可知空格前后两句的关系为修饰关系，空格后一句是用来修饰空格前的“The feudal aristocracy”。两句有逗号隔开，可知空格所在的句子为非限制性定语从句，由关系代词which引导。选项C符合题意。（8）固定搭配。in alliance with“与联盟”，in allegiance to “献身于”，being allergic to “对是过敏的”；没有固
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