1、2022年考博英语-中共中央党校考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题A family squabble for one of Ashs greatest fortunes （ ）yesterday as lawmakers and relatives of Stanley Ho, the Macao casino tycoon, argued over the validity of a controversial share transfer.问题1选项A.burst openB.burst out openC.burst into openD.burst into the
2、open【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配burst into “突然进入”，选项A和B可排除，into后接一个名词，the open作名词形式。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Americans have a profound longing for heroes - now perhaps more than ever. On some level, we still （ ） the myth of the man in the white hat.问题1选项A.succeed toB.subscribe toC.succeed againstD.subside into【答案】B【解析
3、固定搭配。succeed to “继承，接着发生”；subscribe to “同意，赞成”；succeed against “成功应对”；subside into “逐渐衰退”。句意：美国人对英雄有一种深厚的渴望-现在活着比以往更加渴望。在某种程度上，我们仍然相信戴白帽子人的神话。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题On May 3, 1989, committal proceedings began in respect of six officers who were charged with conspiracy to （ ）the course of justice.问题1选项A.perv
4、ertB.perturbC.preventD.profane【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。pervert “使堕落，滥用”；perturb “扰乱，使不安”；prevent “预防，阻止”；profane “亵渎，玷污”。句意：1989年5月3日，拘押进程开始于六名官员，他们被控告共谋扰乱司法公正。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题The “Cuban incident” could have developed into a full-fledged crisis between the two superpowers, but preventative diplomacy （ ） it.问题1
5、选项A.shortenedB.acceleratedC.absorbedD.aborted【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。shorten “缩短”；accelerate “加速”；absorb “吸收”；abort “使终止”。句意：“古巴事件”差点成为两个超级大国之间的全面危机，但预防性的外交却使危机终止。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题（ ） whether the loan proposal is made by a government, state enterprise or private corporation, an appraisal of the economic and po
6、litical situation of the borrowers country must be made to assess the risk involved.问题1选项A.Depending onB.NotwithstandingC.irrespective ofD.On account of【答案】C【解析】从属连词词义辨析。depending on“取决于”；notwithstanding“尽管”；irrespective of “不论，不顾”；on account of “由于，因为”。句意：不管是由政府提出的贷款，国有企业还是私营企业的贷款，必须对借款国的经济和政治情况进行评
7、估，以预估所涉的风险。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题After Sunday nights concert, Steve and Otis had a loud argument with the band director, which （ ） first Otiss departure, then Steves.问题1选项A.contributedB.highlightedC.procrastinatedD.precipitated【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。contribute “贡献”；highlight “突出，强调”；procrastinate “耽搁”；precipitate
8、使坏事等突然发生”。句意：星期天晚上的音乐会之后，史蒂夫和奥蒂斯与乐队指挥大吵了一架，最终使史蒂夫和奥蒂斯突然离开。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题For its first London tour, Moscows Sovrenmennik theater company （ ） off with the play it was first allowed to stage after censorship was eased in the country.问题1选项A.turnedB.kickedC.madeD.switched【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。turn off “关闭”；kick
9、 off “开始干某事”；made off “逃走”；switch off “关掉”。句意：在审查制度放松后，第一次伦敦巡演，莫斯科苏维瑞门尼克剧院第一次开始被允许在舞台上表演。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题In a world food system that they have described in the book, food （ ） transported at reasonable cost and produced anywhere in the world is actually or potentially available to any person with the m
10、eans to purchase it.问题1选项A.can beB.to beC.that can beD.being【答案】C【解析】语法题。根据题意，句子的主语是food，谓语动词是is，所以空格部分应该填入非谓语动词或从句。选项A可排除。动词不定式表将来，-ing分词表现在进行。空格中填入的动词形式体现一般现在时态即可。所以that 引导定语从句，从句构成被动语态。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Max Weber proposed a complex approach to inequality which expressly takes account of non-economic
11、dimensions of ranking and inequality. Against Marx, Weber maintains that the operation of power in societies is yet more fundamental than their economic basis. Power（1）the capacity of individuals or groups to realize their will even （2） the opposition of others. This yields three categories fundamen
12、tal to the analysis of inequality: class, status and party. Inequality may be located in economically defined（3）but could also be founded in status groups and political parties. In this elaboration he sought to refine the measurement of inequality and to show the potential singularity of his criteri
13、a （4） their connectedness. For example, power is often linked to class-based wealth but it can be separated in situations （5） power is linked to knowledge. Status refers to style of life. It also refers to social esteem, the respect and admiration （6） a person according to his or her social position
14、 and this can be local （7）structural and take account of interpersonal subjectivities. Marxs stress on structural relationships and on the duplicitous nature of culture tends to be replaced by a view of classes as ranked hierarchies of fixed groupings（8）individuals may be mobile. While the categorie
15、s are fixed and classes are bounded, individuals may, （9）, change their class position. （10）, Webers discussion emphasizes how both class and status distinction can affect peoples life chances, that is, the chances that an individual has to share in the economic and cultural goods of a society. Mate
16、rial and cultural goods are often （11）distributed and class and status rankings will ensure that people will have（12）access to these goods. These features of Webers thought are important to （13）when considering non-class based systems of（14 ）. The opening up of the relationship between inequality, m
17、eaning and manifestation allows for the consideration of systems of inequality other than class. There are ranked societies where there is unequal access to positions of status and prestige and these are not necessarily linked to （15）. An example is found in those traditional African societies where
18、 the chiefs did not live at a （16 ）standard of living than their subjects and where economies were redistributive, （17）, the chief received tribute which he then（18） his followers as a mark of his status and largesse. The position of many European noble families is a contemporary example of ranked s
19、ociety: access to （19） a title is limited, usually to family members, and many of these titled families are （20） wealthy and have no power by virtue of their nobility in their societies. 问题1选项A.has defined toB.is defined toC.is defined asD.defines as问题2选项A.from the face ofB.in the face ofC.on the fa
20、ce ofD.to the face of问题3选项A.societiesB.categoriesC.dimensionsD.classes问题4选项A.as well asB.besidesC.exceptD.except for问题5选项A.thatB.whichC.whyD.where问题6选项A.accordedB.accordsC.is accorded toD.to accord问题7选项A.rather toB.rather thanC.no other thanD.other than问题8选项A.whereB.through whichC.in whichD.to which
21、问题9选项A.more or lessB.any the lessC.none the lessD.no less问题10选项A.HoweverB.NeverthelessC.FurthermoreD.But问题11选项A.symmetricallyB.asymmetricallyC.fairlyD.unfairly问题12选项A.differentialB.similarC.the sameD.unequal问题13选项A.bear them to mindB.bear them in mindC.bear to mindD.bear in mind问题14选项A.hierarchyB.ra
22、nkingC.singularityD.inequality问题15选项A.economic wealthB.cultural goodsC.status distinctionsD.class rankings问题16选项A.highB.higherC.lowD.lower问题17选项A.for exampleB.such asC.that isD.whats more问题18选项A.gave toB.gave it toC.gave back toD.gave it back问题19选项A.claimB.askC.inheritD.assume问题20选项A.moreB.much more
23、C.lessD.no longer【答案】第1题:第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D第6题:A第7题:B第8题:C第9题:C第10题:C第11题:C第12题:A第13题:D第14题:D第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:C【解析】（1）固定搭配。根据固定搭配be defined as “被定义为”，选项A和B可排除。又根据被动语态的构成be +过去分词，D选项结构不完整，可排除。句意：权力被定义为个人或团体的能力。选项C符合题意。（2）固定搭配。in the face of “面对”； on the face of “从表面上判断”，没有搭配from t
24、he face of和to the face of，选项A和D可排除。句意：权力被定义为个人或团体即使面对他人的反对也能实现其意志的能力。选项B符合题意。（3）逻辑关系。根据上一句提到阶级、地位和党派，可知下文会是对其进行进一步阐述。but also后出现了status groups and political parties，可判断出此处应该提到classes“阶级”。选项D符合题意。（4）逻辑关系。根据文意，Max Weber想要通过衡量不平等，体现他的评判标准的特点和联系。所以用as well as表示“和”。选项A符合题意。（5）语法题。根据句子结构，可知空格要填入一个关系词引导定语从
25、句，来修饰先行词situation。又根据从句部分句子完整，所以填入关系副词在从句中充当状语。where作地点状语，表示“在这种形势下”。选项D符合题意。（6）语法题。根据句子结构，refers为句子的谓语，所以空格中应该填入非谓语动词，选项B和C可排除。又因为accord和其前面的名词social esteem, the respect and admiration存在被动关系，所以选用动词的-ed分词表被动，选项A符合题意。（7）逻辑关系。根据下文，“Marxs stress on structural relationships”，可知Marx注重结构关系。而上文提到的是Max Webe
26、r的观点，可判断他注重本地关系而不是结构关系。又根据固定搭配rather than“而不是”。选项B符合题意。（8）语法题。根据句子结构，可知空格应该填入适当的关系代词或关系副词来引导定语从句，修饰先行词groupings，根据句意，“借助于这些组群，个人可能是流动的。”，where在定语从句中作地点状语，可排除。through which为介词+关系代词的结构，在句中作状语，表示“借助于.，通过”。选项C符合题意。（9）逻辑关系和固定搭配。more or less “或多或少”； any the less “更少一些”；none the less “依然”； no less “居然”。根据w
27、hile可知，上下句之间存在转折关系。句意：尽管社会群体与阶级是不变的，但是个人仍然可以或多或少地改变自己的社会地位。选项C符合题意。（10）逻辑关系。however和nevertheless都表转折关系，所以可同时排除。根据文意，空格后的内容是对上一句内容的进一步阐述和说明，所以两句存在递进关系，选用furthermore “此外，而且”表递进。选项C符合题意。（11）逻辑关系和副词辨析。symmetrically “对称地，平衡地”；asymmetrically “不对称地”；fairly “公平地”；unfairly “不公平地”。句意：Weber的讨论强调了阶级和地位的区别是如何影响人
28、们的生活机会的，物质和文化产品必须公平分配。选项C符合题意。（12）形容词词义辨析。differential “差别的，微分的”； similar “相似的”； the same “同样，一样”； unequal “不平等的”。句意：阶级和地位不同将确保人们获取有差异的商品。选项A符合题意。（13）固定搭配。根据固定搭配bear sth. in mind可排除选项A和C。根据句意：Weber思想的这些特点是我们必须牢记的。选项D符合题意。（14）句意理解。根据下文，“The opening up of the relationship between inequality, meaning a
29、nd manifestation allows for the consideration of systems of inequality other than class.”，可知空格的下文是对不平等制度的进一步阐述，所以空格应该填入inequality。选项D符合题意。（15）句意理解。根据上文，“There are ranked societies where there is unequal access to positions of status and prestige”，可知在有等级的社会中，获得地位和名誉的机会是不平等的。空格前由and连接，表示一种递进关系。根据文章“th
30、ese are not necessarily linked to”，these指代上文的status和prestige，可知并不意味着地位和名誉与经济财富有必要的关联。下文用实例说明的这一观点。选项A符合题意。（16）句意理解。根据上文提到地位和名誉和经济财富没有必要的关联，可知酋长的生活水平不会比他的属下高，所以nothigher的比较结构符合文意。选项B符合题意。（17）句意理解。for example“举例子”；whats more “还有，此外”；that is “也就是说”；such as“例如”。根据句意，空格后提到在经济在分配的社会，酋长会将贡品赠与出去，是对上文意思的一个补充
31、用whats more表补充说明。选项D符合题意。（18）语法题和固定搭配。根据句子结构，这是由关系代词which引导的定语从句，并其在定语从句中充当宾语，代替先行词tribute，可判断定语从句中不缺宾语。选项B和D可排除。又根据固定搭配give sth. to sb. “给某人某物”，give sth. back “归还”，句意：酋长将贡品给自己的跟随者。选项A符合题意。（19）动词词义辨析。claim “要求，声称”；ask “要求，询问”；inherit “遗传，继承”；assume“假定，设想”。句意：爵位的继承是受到限制的。选项C符合题意。（20）句意理解。more “更多的”；
32、much more “多得多的”；less “更少的”；no longer “不再”。句意：许多有头衔的家族凭借在社会中的高贵，是不富有的，而且也没有权力。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Comtes philosophical successor, who carried on both his phenomenalist and presentationalist philosophy into the social arena of politics and ethics, was John Stuart Mill. But first we must turn to an even gr
33、eater influence on Mills views, one of the leading radical reformers of the nineteenth century, Jeremy Bentham.Born in London, the son of a leading attorney, Bentham was a child prodigy who began studying history and Latin at the age of three. At twelve he entered Queens College in Oxford and earned
34、 his B. A. in three years and his M. A. two years later at the age of seventeen. His father expected him to become a practicing lawyer, but Bentham was far more interested in the philosophical foundations of ethics, morality, and legal theory. He traveled widely throughout Europe and wrote his first
35、 essay on economics in Russia. In 1792 he became a citizen of France.Benthams main philosophical influences were Locke and Hume. When he read Humes Treatise and Human Nature he said it was as if scales fell from eyes. He went on to publish several books on political and legal theory, but it was his
36、Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation that made him a powerful and influential international figure. In his Principles he laid the groundwork for utilitarianism; as developed by Mill (whom we shall consider in the next section), his theory is still today one of the leading moral t
37、heories in the world.Bentham defines his principle of utility as that property in any object whereby it tends to produce pleasure, good or happiness, or to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil or unhappiness to the party whose interest is considered. According to Bentham, this principle tak
38、es account of the two main motives for all human actionpain and pleasure. Governments, social, political and legal institutions, as well as individual citizens, should follow the Greatest Happiness Principle: choose that course of action that leads to the greatest happiness for the greatest number o
39、f people. His utilitarianism, designed to free people from oppressive laws and to make governing bodies moral, provided a foundation to many democratic societies. Since leaders as well as individuals are thus morally bound to follow the same universal principle and one that is readily accessible to
40、everyonewe all know what pain and pleasure are there can be no manipulation, through rhetoric, of the weak by the powerful. In Benthams system we are each our own best judge as to how best to live and attain happiness.He openly called for the rejection of all monarchies and established churches, cla
41、iming that all government is in itself one vast evil. The only justification for putting such evil into place would be to prevent some greater evil; governments should therefore never stray from the principle of utilitythe greatest happiness for the greatest number. Among Benthams many disciples, th
42、e most famous is John Stuart Mill, who further developed utilitarianism but along rather different lines.1.What does the author probably mean by scales fell from eyes in the third paragraph?2.Which of the following can best explain the quotes in the fourth paragraph of Benthams definition of princip
43、le of utility?3.How did Bentham influence the world according to the passage?4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?5.Which of the following would most likely follow this passage?问题1选项A.His eyes were full of tears.B.His eyes became smaller.C.He was enlightened.D.He coul
44、d see clearly.问题2选项A.Utility can be regarded as a quality which is likely to bring happiness or stop the occurrence of unhappiness to interested parties.B.Utility is a kind of possession by which concerned people can get happiness and avoid unhappiness.C.The principle of utility is the principle of
45、the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people.D.The principle of utility is the belief that the value of a thing or an action is determined by its utility.问题3选项A.He influenced the philosophers in the whole world.B.He contributed to overthrowing all the monarchies and churches.C.His theory
46、 has changed the moral value of the modem world.D.The moral foundation to many modern democracies traces back to his theory.问题4选项A.Bentham had great influence on Locke and Hume, as well as on Mill.B.Both Bentham and Mill were Comtes philosophical successors.C.Benthams father was disappointed that he didnt become an attorney.D.Bentham contributed more than Mill to the foundation of utilitarianism.问题5选项A.The intr
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